高中英语 模块4Unit3被动语态课件 牛津版必修4.ppt

unit3tomorrow sworld grammar thepassivevoice thelovelyrobotsattractsthevisitors thevisitorsareattractedbythelovelyrobots s v o o v s thegreatwallwasvisitedbymanypeoplelastyear s v o o v s manypeoplevisitedthegreatwalllastyear thepassivevoice 1 句子的主动语态和被动语态可互换 在意义上区别很小 在主动语态中 句子的主语是动作发出者 在被动语态中 句子的主语是动作的接受者或受影响者 pointouttheverb thesubjectandtheobjectinthefollowingsentences weplantedmanytreeslastyear wemustclosethewindowsandthedoor s v o s v o manytreeswereplanted byus lastyear thewindowsandthedoormustbeclosed thefilm name et isnamed thegreatwall visit bymanypeopleeveryyear isvisited abirthdayparty hold now isbeingheld thefilmet show inthecinemanextweek willbeshowed be done thepassivevoice 2 被动语态的基本动词形式是be 过去分词 通过be的时态 可以构成不同时态的被动语态 e g foodiskeptinthefridge theglasswasbrokenbytheboy thepassivevoiceindifferenttenses do does are isdone am is aredoing has havedone am is arebeingdone have hasbeendone begoingto willdo did was weredoing haddone begoingto willbedone was weredone was werebeingdone hadbeendone fillintheblankswiththerightformofthewordsgiven i give anewbookbymyfatheronmybirthday english find veryuseful 3 thework finish tomorrow 4 theflowers water bythemnow wasgiven isfound willbefinished arebeingwatered 5 therailway build thistimelastyear 6 thenewway already build 7 thenewrailway build bytheendoflastyear 8 hetoldmethesportsmeeting hold thenextmonth 9 rice grow inthesouthofthestates wasbeingbuilt has beenbuilt hadbeenbuilt wouldbeheld isgrown 3 在用被动语态时还要注意一下几点 a 在被动语态中 动作发出者往往置于by之后 但在不必指出动作发出者是谁 动作发出者并不重要或很难指出动作发出者是谁时 一般不提及动作发出者 e g boththeheadsetsandtheglovesareconnectedtoacomputernetwork 在give lend offer send tell和show等动词后 常带两个宾语 分别指人和物 变为被动语态时 常用指人的宾语做句子的主语 也可用指物的宾语做句子的主语 但需在人前加介词to e g ourteacheroftentellsussomeinterestingstoriesinenglish weareoftentoldsomeinterestingstoriesinenglish someinterestingstoriesareoftentoldtousinenglish thegovernmenthasgivenmuchfoodtothepeopleinthepoorarea thepeopleinthepoorareahasbeengivenmuchfood muchfoodhasbeengiventothepeopleinthepoor 在主动语态中 有些动词后 使役动词和感官动词 常接宾语和不带to的动词不定式 在被动语态中 则使用带to的动词不定式 e g 1 ioftenhearthegirlplaythepianointheafternoon thegirlisoftenheardtoplaythepianointheafternoon 2 heletmegofirst iwaslettogofirst 主动语态 make let have see hearsbdosth被动语态 sbbemade let had seen heardtodosth 在被动语态中 有时get可用来代替be 如getchanged getdressed和gethurt等 e g mybikegotstolenlastnight you dbettergetchangedquickly asthepartywillbeginsoon 1 我的自行车昨晚被偷了 mybikegotstolenlastnight 2 这些蛋已经被打碎了 theeggshavegotbroke 3 工资已经付给了工人们 theworkershavegotpaid translatethesentencesusing getdone 有些动词可用主动语态形式来表示被动意义 e g thissweaterwasheswell thepenwritessmoothly thekindofcomputersellswellinchina translatethefollowingsentences 这件毛衣很好洗 thissweater wash well 2 你的文章好读 yourarticle read well 3 这些花闻起来很香 theflowers smell sweet 4 这种布料易干 thiskindofcloth dry easily dries washes reads smell dries 表示状态的动词如fail suit contain own hold fit cost lack become have andfeel等不能用被动语态 e g ilikepopsongsandoftenlistentothem hehasabighouseneartheriver youcandependonhertodealwiththesituation 一些特殊的被动语态句型 it passiveverb thatclauseit 动词的被动语态形式 that引导的从句e g itissaidthathewillrecoversoon itisbelievedthatthethreemissingsailorshavedrowned subject passiveverb toinfinitive主语 动词的被动语态形式 动词不定式e g thesunwasoncethoughttotravelaroundtheearth 1 据说他很快恢复了 itissaidthathewillrecoversoon 2 据报道下个月又一本书要出版 itisreportedthatanotherbookwillbepublishednextmonth specialpassivepatterns itissaidthatlipingwillstudyabroad lipingissaidtostudyabroad itissaidthatlipingisstudyingabroad lipingissaidtobestudyingabroad lipingissaidtohavestudiedabroad lipingissaidtohavebeenstudyingabroad itissaidthatlipingstudiedabroad itissaidthatlipinghasbeenstudyingabroad itissaidthat itisreportedthat itishopedthat itiswellknownthat itisbelievedthat itmustbepointedoutthat moreexamples specialpassivepatterns 常用于这类句型的动词有say believe report suppose know和prove等 readtheinformationonpage49andcompletethereportontheevent answers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 arebeing theelectricwearcompany beendeveloped wasinvented areused beencompleted willbeproduced willbe beenannounced arecleaned canbecleaned modalverbandthepassivevoice情态动词与被动语态 1 情态动词的被动语态形式可用于谈论能力 可能性 职责和允诺等 e g firefighterscouldbetrainedusingrealcine 2 weformsentencesusingmodalverbsinthepassivevoicebyaddingbeandthepastparticiple 情态动词的被动语态形式的构成是在情态动词后加be和过去分词 e g computercanworkoutthepositionoftheuseratanytime thepositionoftheusercanbeworkedoutatanytime modalverb bareinfinitive modalverb be pastparticiple summary modalverb be v edform2 readthetableonpage50andnotetheuseofthesemodalverbsintheactiveandpassivevoices readthefirstreportonpage50andcompletethesecond answers 1 2 3 4 5 canbereduced mustbetaken mustbeworn maybecome oughttobereduced verbsoftenusedinthepassivevoice someverbsareoftenusedinthepassivevoiceandfunctionlikeadjectives e g thechildrenaregettingexcitedaboutthecomingholiday don tyougettiredofarguingaboutthesomethingallthetime moreexamplesbeamazedby betiredof beaddictedto behookedon 爱上某人beshockedat befrightenedby beexcitedabout beboredwith bedisappointedat by befascinatedby beimpressedat by with beinterestedin besetupby besituatedin on besurprisedat bybepleasedwith besatisfiedwith lookatthetimelineshowingthehistoryofnapsterandcompletethearticleonpage51 answers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 boredwith interestedin wasfounded wereemployed wassurprisedat wasaccusedof wascloseddown waspurchased 1 itremains whetherjim llbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals 浙江2006 a seenb tobeseenc seeingd tosee 被动语态的高考题 2 idon tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit well surprisinglytheydo amanhasbeenarrestedand now 江苏2006 a hasbeenquestionedb isbeingquestionedc isquestioningd hasquestioned 3 yourjob openforyourreturn thanks 北京2006 a willbekeptb willkeepc hadkeptd hadbeenkept 4 tomsoundsverymuch inthejob buti mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit 安徽2006 a interestedb interestingc interestinglyd interestedly 5 theflowers sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature 上海2004 a tosmellb smellingc smeltd tobesmelt 6 professorjameswillgiveusalectureonthewesternculture butwhenandwhere yet 浙江2007 a hasn tbeendecidedb haven tdecidedc isn tbeingdecidedd aren tdecided 7 don tyouthinkitnecessarythathe tomiamibuttonewyork iagree buttheproblemis hehasrefusedto 江苏2005 a willnotbesent thatb notbesent thatc shouldnotbesent whatd shouldnotsend what 8 intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure mailaccount 上海2005 a whatisrequiredb whatrequiresc itisrequiredd itrequires 9 customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey therightchangebeforeleavingtheshop 重庆2006 a willgiveb havebeengivenc havegivend willbegiven 10 attheendofthemeeting itwasannouncedthatanagreement 江苏2007 a hasbeenreachedb hadbeenreachedc hasreachedd hadreached 11 ifnewtonlivedtoday hewouldbesurprisedbywhat inscienceandtechnology 天津2007 a haddiscoveredb hadbeendiscoveredc hasdiscoveredd hasbeendiscovered 12 igotcaughtintherainandmysuit 北京2007 a hasruinedb hadruinedc hasbeenruinedd hadbeenruined 13 hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout 陕西2006 a totellb tobetoldc tellingd told 14 theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines bynow 陕西2006 a hascompletedb havecompletedc havebeencompletedd hasbeencompleted 15 thechineseareproudofthe29tholympicgames inbeijingin2008 四川2006 a holdb holdingc heldd tobeheld 考点点拨考例回顾 1 avrheadsetwasdesignedbyscientists p48 考点 wasdesigned是一般过去时的被动语态 表示一个动作在过去被完成 考例1 theflowersweresolovelythatthey innotime 2007全国卷i a soldb hadbeensoldc weresoldd wouldsell 点拨 theflowers和sell之间是被动关系 故排除a和d项 weresolovely与sell是同时存在的状态和动作 没有先后关系 排除b项 故选c项 考例2 astheyearspassed manyoccasions birthdays awards graduations withdad sflowers 湖南2007 a aremarkedb weremarkedc havemarkedd hadmarked 点拨 句意 随着岁月的流逝 许多大的场合 如我的生日聚会 颁奖议式 毕业典礼 我父亲的鲜花都烙下了印记 主语occasions与mark之间是被动关系 所以要用被动语态 as从句用了一般过去时 主从句时态应一致 故用一般过去时 选b项 2 rightnowthenewproductisbeingdevelopedinthelaboratory p48 考点 isbeingdeveloped是现在进行时的被动语态 表示动作正在被进行 考例 haveyouhandedinyourschoolworkyet yes ihave iguessit now 辽宁2007 a hasgradedb isgradedc isbeinggradedd isgrading 点拨 句意 你交作业了吗 交了 我猜想现在老师正在批改 根据空格所在句的主语可知 谓语动词应用被动语态 根据now一词 可知应用现在进行时 所以c项正确 3 anagreementhasbeenputforward p48 考点 hasbeenputforward是现在完成时的被动语态 表示动作已经被完成 考例1 whenyougetthepaperback payspecialattentiontowhat 四川2007 a havemarkedb havebeenmarkedc hadmarkedd hadbeenmarked 点拨 因mark这一动作发生在get之前 且试卷是被批注 因此应用过去完成时的被动语态 故选b项 考例2 withthehelpofhightechnology more