高考英语 阅读基础训练猜测词义课件 人教新目标版.ppt

welcome 阅读基础训练 猜测词义 whenacontractorisreadytobeginconstructionofasuperhighway hemakesapreliminarystudyofthedrawingsandblueprintssuppliedbytheengineers hegainsmentalpictureofthewholejobbeforehebeginsactualconstruction 答案a preparatory preliminary和preparatory的前缀都是pre 表示 预先 的意思 又根据常识 凡是搞工程建设在着手建造时一定要作建筑前期准备 包括研究审查工程师的设计图纸等 且据词prepare 故a为唯一正确选项 readtheparagraphquicklyandguessthemeaningoftheunderlineword a preparatoryb afterwards c scientificd necessary 常见设问形式 1theword refersto probablymeans couldbestbereplacedby 2theword ismostlikelytomean 3whatdoyouthinktheexpression standsfor 4bysaying wemean 5 asusedinthepassage canbebestdefinedas 技巧点拨 2对比法 3因果法 4联想法 5构词法 1定义法 通过定义 定语从句 词组 同位语 词组 thatis or i e suchas inotherwords namely putanotherway 来确定词义1 itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle thatis itwillbreakeasily aeasilybrokenbsoftinsidecveryharddexpensive 一定义法 2 theherdsman wholooksaftersheep earnsabout650yuanayear akeeperofagroupofanimals esp cattlesbabutchercamanwhosellsheepdapersonwholooksafterandkillanimals3 theword adolescence meanstheperiodbetweenchildrenandadulthood a少儿期b幼儿期c青春期d成人期 在一个生词的前后有时会出现它的反义词或常用来对比的词语 我们从而可以推知该生词的意思 这时应该特别注意表示转折或对比的连词 although but while etc 副词 instead yet etc 或介词短语 ontheotherhand onthecontrary etc 二对比法 2 mostofusagreed however billdissented ahaveadifferentopinionbsupportclikeitverymuchddoesn tshowhisideas l twelve year oldsallywasanactivegirl buthersisterwasquitesedate a prettyb calmc protectived energetic 根据对上下文或整句的理解 运用其因果关系 猜出该生词的意义 1 thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain agoingonforalongtimebthatmaybepermittedcnotverystrongdinabadcondition 三因果法 2 onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing awithoutfood clothes andotherthingsnecessaryforlifebbelievingtocontroleventscdecidinginadvance3 thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday averylargebcrowedcnoisydgood 利用常识 自己的经验 经历及社会 科技等方面的知识猜词1 shereadmyletterslowlytotheendandthentoreittoshreds afragmentsbthewholecenvelopedfires 四联想法 1 thedoorwassolowthatihitmyheadonthelintelathetopoftheframeofadoororwindowbthebottomoftheframeofadoororwindowcthetoppartoftherooforceiling2 afterinventingdynamite nobelbecameaveryrichman apowerfulexplosiveblightcenginedelectricity 英语中某些生词的产生有一定的规律可循 这种规律称之为构词法 英语中常见的构词法有转换 派生 合成三种 对构词法知识有一定的了解 在阅读中 我们就可以运用相应的构词法来猜测某些生词的含义 五构词法 比如 我们也许不知道unforeseeable的含义 但我们可以根据构词法得知它是一个派生词 于是把它拆成un fore see able 其中see是词根 fore是 先 前 预 的含义 un是否定 able是 能 的 因此unforeseeable就是 未能预见到的 再如 我们也许从未见过 lipservice 这个词 通过观察分析该词 我们知道它是一个合成词 由 lip 和 service 两词构成 lip 是 嘴唇 service 是 服务 于是 我们不难猜出 lipservice 是 口惠而实不至 空话 的意思 1 wemustsafeguardtheworldpeace aprotectbcareorcustodycpreventdtokeepsafewithaburglar alarm2 don tlistentohisnonsense ahavignomeaningbmeaninglesswordschumorousspeechdnotmakingsense practice 1 hefoundanunpretentiousjobasawheelerofcement 水泥 andlovedbeingunnoticed a unshowyb unluckyc easyd unhappy 2 albert ssuccessaftermucheffortandpracticeprovesthevalueofpersistence a timeb competitionc perseveranced beginningagain 3 hefeltveryalone hehadlivedinbaltimorecityforamonthandhadmetnooneintheinhospitablecity a unfriendlyb uncomfortablec unhealthyd enormous 4 theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer workb studyc named interest 5 shesneered youaretheworsttypeofparasite youmakemesick youtakeourfriendshipandlove butyougivenothingofyourself a personb enemyc friendd onewholivesonanother 提示 这一阅读理解练习的特点是每一题都看三个句子 每后一句总比前一句多一层新意思 每一题都有一个相同划线部分的词语 必须学会根据上下文提供的信息 结合一定的常识才能推理判断出新词语的准确意思 furtherconsolidation furtherconsolidation 例题 tomcan tfindhissneakers a moneyb bowlsc shoes tomcan tfindhiswhitesneakers a moneyb bowlsc shoes tomcan tplaytennisnowbecausehecan tfindhiswhitesneakers a moneyb bowlsc shoes l janeisusuallyprompt a lateb ontimec pleased practice janeisusuallypromptforherclasses a lateb ontime c pleased janeisusuallypromptforallherclasses butshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass a lateb ontimec pleased b tomsawanowlinatreelastnight a abirdb ananimalc thesun 2 tomsawanowllastnight a abirdb ananimalc thesun tomsawanowllastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear a abirdb ananimalc thesun a 1 theboywantstorideabrownpony a dogb catc horse c 2 sinceherejectedtheadvicehisteachergavehim hefailedintheexam a tookb refusedc made b 3 thechildrenarelookingatalarge hairy 毛的 apeatthezoo a akindofmonkeyb akindofsnakec akindofbird a 4 thefreshtroutisverycheap butidon tknowhowtocookit a fishb fruitc apple a 5 jackwasinjuredwhenheplayedbasketballthismorning andhecouldnotcometoschool a illb hurtc sad b 6 theladyaskedthewaitresstogetheracleansaucertoputhercoffeecupon a aglassb acakec asmal