概念第二册 第49--52 重点词组单词讲解课文解析.doc

【Lesson 49 课文讲解】1、Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed.be tired of 对感到厌倦，省略了现在分词being，用形容词短语直接做原因状语，相当于原因状语从句as he was tired of。I always go to bed hungry. （用形容词直接做状语）I went home. I am tired. = I went home tired. E.g. I went home excited.save up 攒钱，储蓄 I want to get married in one or two years, so Im trying to save (some money) up.2、For the first time in ones life, 平生第一次He became the proud father of a baby. 我自豪的成为一个孩子的父亲了.3、Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.on to（onto） 类似与in to（into），用于表示动作方向,onto/on to有时可用on代替，但表示位置的on不可用onto代替： I put the pen onto/on the table. The pen is on the table. （不能用onto/on to）4、He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.for the first two nights 头两天晚上 for the last three nights 最后三天晚上e.g. I study hard for the first three days.blow up 风越刮越大(程度在加深)，（指暴风雨）出现并加剧；刮起 speak up 大声点5、A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below.gust 表示“一阵强风，一阵狂风”，既可单独使用，也可用a gust of wind形式：A gust (of wind) blew my hat off. off = down/away frombelow 直接放在被修饰词之后作定语,crashing into the courtyard below 是现在分词短语，作宾语补足语。crash （不及物动词）直接用主动形式，smash（及物动词）可用被动。一个句子中不能出现两个动词，如果出现了两个动词，要用and 或but 连接；或者把其中一个作为非谓语动词to do(表目的)，-ed(表被动)，-ing(表主动)。6、Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt.although 尽管；though 虽然，意义差不多，以从句出现to pieces 粉碎地，成碎片地 e.g. The cup was broken to pieces.7、Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house.glancing为现在分词，= after he glanced at。动词的ing形式一定强调某一个名词之间的主动关系。lie (lay，lain) 不及物动词，后面一定要加“around”，不能说成“lay him”【Key structures】复合句的语序复合句可用两种方法构成：一是用连词把从句与主句连接起来；二是用分词结构或不定式。1、用连词连接的复合句 在复合句中，从句可以是名词从句（即起名词的作用）。在句子中，它可以作主语、宾语或be等系动词的表语，一般由that 引导，有时也用what（疑问词引导的除外） I know (that) the meeting will be put off. 从句可以是关系（或形容词）从句，关系代词通常有who，whom，that，which和whose。 从句可以是状语（或副词）从句，时间状语连词有when，after，before，as soon as，until，while，as，since等；地点状语从句连词有where，everywhere，anywhere等；原因状语从句由because，as 等引导；条件状语从句可由if 及其他连词引导；让步状语从句使句子具有对比的因素，它们一般由连词although，though，even though，even if等引导；目的状语从句可由so that，in order that 等连词引导；结果状语从句描述结果，可由so+形容词+that 引导，也可由such (a) +（形容词） + 名词+ that 来引导；比较状语从句结构包括as +形容词/副词+ as，not so/as as，形容词/副词的比较级+than，morethan，lessthan等。2、分词结构的复合句 用现在分词结构可以代替时间从句、原因从句、关系从句等，现在分词结构的这种用法仅限于两个动作的主语一致的时候。用它代替时间从句时，分词结构表示的动作如果发生在前，则分词结构要位于主语前；如果两个动作同时发生，那么分词结构既可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后。分词结构位于主句前面时，要用逗号隔开。I got very angry speaking to them. / Feeling tired, I went to bed earlier than usual.Following his mom, he went there. (主动概念, 跟着他母亲去了那儿) 过去分词结构常用于比较正式的文体，往往代替被动语态Damaged in an accident, the car has now been repaired.Followed by his mom, he went there. (被动概念, 被他母亲带着跟着去了那儿)3、不定式结构的复合句这种结构通常可以代替表示目的或表示条件的状语从句：To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations.Lesson 50 Taken for a ride 【New words and expressions】生词和短语ride n. 旅行；v. 骑(车, 马) e.g. She was riding a bike. E.g. take sb. for a ride 欺骗trip n.（出差性的）旅行（旅行地方不远或呆的时间不长）travel n.（周游世界性的）旅行 journey n.（陆地上的）旅行 flight n.（空中）旅行 voyage n.（海上）旅行 tour n. 游玩 sightseeing n. 观光游excursion n. 远足，游玩, 郊游(距离不会很远) go on an excursion 做一次短距离的旅途weekends excursion 周末游 a days excursion 一日游 e.g.Tomorrow we will have a days excursion. conductor n. 售票员（= ticket man）；指挥家 conductress 女售票员 Conduct n./v. 行为，举止 Your children conduct themselves well. 你的孩子表现甚佳。 His conduct disagrees with his words. 他言行不一。view n. 景色(主观性较强) Can I have a room with a good view?in ones viewin ones opinion 就某人看来 in view of 考虑到sight n. 景色, 视线, 视野(强调客观) scene 景色 【课文讲解】1、Taken for a ride就当作是一次兜风 takefor 把当作 take sb. for a ride 欺骗 taken for 上当了2、I love traveling in the country, but I dont like losing my way. love/ like doing sth. 喜欢做某事（强调一种习惯）I love having dinner with you, but I dont like paying for dinner.3、I went on an excursion recently, but my trip took me longer than I expected.go on an excursion have an excursion 作一次短距离的旅行go on 进行，为（某一目的）而去 e.g. Ill go on holiday next month.take sb. some time 花费某人多少时间 e.g. My trip took me a long time.It takes sb. some time to do sth. = It takes sb. some time that 花费某人多少时间sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. sb. spend some time on sth.金钱上的花费 cost, pay for sth.than I expected 比我预计的 than I thought 比我原以为的You are more beautiful than I expected. The English class took me longer than I thought.4、Ill tell you where to get off. answered the conductor.get on the bus 上车；get off the bus 下车 I will tell you where you can (should) get off.No one got on/off (the bus) at the last bus stop.“特殊疑问词+to+动词原形”可用来取代宾语从句Can you tell me what I should do? =Can you tell me what to do?I dont know which to choose. Can you tell me how to begin a letter?5. This is as far as we go. as far as 远至某处（否：so far as） as far as the eye can reach 就视力所及；As far as I know 就我所知； as far as I concerned 就我而言6. Well，in that case，I prefer to stay on the bus in that case 若是那样 In any case= at any rate 无论如何，总之 in no case 无论如何都不 in case 以防万一 in case of sth. 若发生【L51 New words and expressions】生词和短语reward n. 报偿；v. 给奖赏As a reward 作为报答 reward sb. with sth. for sth. 为某事而用某人报答in reward of 作为奖励 Give/offer a reward to sb. for sth. 为某事而给某人报酬 reward sb. for sth. 因为给某人奖赏 e.g. reward him for the first prizevirtue n. 美德；优点 Honesty is a virtue. 诚实是一种美德。Strongpoints n. 长处 shortpoints n. 短处 weak points 弱点diet n. 节食go on a diet =be on a diet 实行节食 balanced diet 均衡饮食forbid（forbade，forbidden） v.禁止forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 forbid + n./doing 阻止做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事Forbidden City 紫禁城 (被禁止的城市) ；Forbidden fruit 禁果embarrass v. 使尴尬Sb./sth. embarrass sb. 某事让某人感到尴尬 You embarrassed me. 你让我感到尴尬embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬地；embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬 embarrassment n. 尴尬To my embarrassment， 让我感到尴尬的是guiltily adv. 内疚地 guilty adj. 犯罪的 guilt n. 责任，罪行guilty conscience 问心有愧 clear conscience 问心无愧 strict adj. 严格的be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 e.g. My father is strict with me.be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格occasionally adv. 偶而地 occasional adj.偶尔的 on the occasion 偶尔 sometimes 偶尔 at times 偶尔 off and on 偶尔 now and then 偶尔【课文讲解】1、My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.things（复数）可以表示“情况，情形，状况，形势”等含义：How are things going on with you?get 作不及物动词时可以表示“变得”：I got interested in French.diet用于表示治疗某种疾病或调节体重的“特种饮食”、“规定饮食”时通常与on连用：The doctor put him on a strict diet. 医生让他严格控制饮食。I once went on a diet for a week and then I gave up.2、First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.first of all 首先, 首要 (许多事情中首要的, 即最重要的) e.g. First of all I must see your passport.at first 首先（句型at first, then 起先然后)write out 写出，（正式）写，全部写出 You should write out a report.3、The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets.most of 大部分includ 和contain 都有“包含”的意思，但contain 可用于表示所包含的全部事物；include 则只表示其中的一部分。contain一定是容器里面装，include 则含义更广。Does the bill include a tip(小费)? 4、Yesterday I paid him a visit.pay sb. a visit = visit sb. 拜访某人 e.g. Pay you a visit.pay a visit to sb./someplace 拜访某人/某地. call up sb./at someplace 拜访某人/某地5、I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.asas ever 像往常一样，照旧 as clean as ever；as quiet as ever be surprised to do sth. / be surprised at sth.6、He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk.lead sb. into(进门)； show sb. out(出门)； see sb. off(送行)7、It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.obviously it was obvious that(it 为形式主语) 显然Obviously, he was very embarrassed.【Special difficulties】1. Raise and Rise.Rais vt. 后跟宾语。“举起，往上提，使升高”Will those who agree with me please raise their hands? / Why did they raise prices?Rise vt. “起立，起床，（日、月等）升起”Youre still in bed and the sun has already risen! / All the students rose when the teacher came into the classroom.2. Lay and Lie.lay（laid，laid） vt. 置，搁，铺，准备I laid your clothes on the bed so you could put them away.If you cant cook the dinner, you can at least lay the table.lie（lay，lain） vi. 躺，平卧Are you going to spend the whole morning lying in bed?lie (lied, lied) vt. 撒谎3. Beat and Win.beat vt. 打败，战胜，胜过，超过They beat their enemy, though they were fewer in number.I beat you. 我打败了你。win vt. 在获胜（成功），赢得，获得，夺得Who won the race/ the war?表示一个球队打败另一个球队也用beat。beat 后面接对手，win 不能接对手。【L52 New words and expressions】生词和短语temporarily adv. 临时地 I temporarily put my books on the floor. Temporary adj. 临时的 Temporary workers 临时工inch n. 英寸(度量单位)foot 英尺(pl. feet ); mile 英里space n. 空间 in the space of 在期间内 Space、room 最通用，指不定的范围，可容下某物或符合某目的。 e.g. The table takes up too much space/room. Place/seat, 指具体空处，通常指座位。 e.g. I will try to get places/ seats at the front of the theatre. 我们会设法占剧院前排的座位。 actually adv. 实际上 in fact actual adj. 实际上【课文讲解】1、We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning.现在完成进行时用来强调动作在某一段时间内一直在进行，而且动作有现在的结果。现在完成时表示在漫长地时间段，过去发生的, 还一定要对现在产生影响；在过去发生的动作, 一直延续到现在，现在完成时, 动词一定是延续性动词。It has rained for half day. It has been raining.2、I have been trying to get my new room in orderget sth. in order 使有秩序，把整理好(get 使役动词)in order 整齐，井然有序，有秩序, 有次序 Get/Put everything in order before you leave the room.3、This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books.ownvt. 拥有 I own over a thousand books. vt. &vi. 承认 He owned to stealing the wallet./ He owned (that) he had made a mistake. adj. 自己的He has a car of his own./ He lives in his own house.4、To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor.to make matters worse 更糟糕的是，插入语。I lost my way in the forest, and to make matters worse, it became dark.5、At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out ofthe room.at the moment now = at present 现在，此刻，目前every inch 每一英寸(夸张) Gold covered every inch of the ground in America.6、A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs.help sb. (to) do sth. 帮某人做某事(to 可省略) e.g. He helps me to learn English. help sb. with sth. 帮某人做某事 e.g. He helps me with my English.with ones help 在某人的帮助下 e.g.With your help I made great progress.7、This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen, she said. “I have ever seen” 做定语从句出现, 是最高级的标志.8、She gazed at it for some time then added, You dont need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your sparetime and read the carpet!gazed at 对向往, 羡慕 not at all 完全不，起强调作用in ones spare time 某人空闲的时候 e.g. I like to read in my spare time.Have you got a spare moment? 你（现在）有空吗？【Key structures】现在完成时，现在完成进行时现在完成时：have done，表示已完成的动作。现在完成进行时：have been doing，强调动作在某一段时间内一直在进行，而且动作现在有结果。到现在为止，该动作可能已不再继续进行，也可能还在继续进行，这要根据上下文来确定。句子中常含有all+表示时间的词语如all day，all morning等或for 和since。I have read the book. 书已看完。I have been reading the book. 还没看完, 还要继续。表示持续性的动词，如learn，lie，live