高考英语 试题分项版解析Ⅲ专题05 新题型阅读理解（教师版）.doc

2012年全国及各地高考英语分类精品解析系列简介单项选择题分类解析系列专题01单项选择题分类解析（冠词、名词和主谓一致）专题02单项选择题分类解析（代词）专题03单项选择题分类解析（介词和介词短语）专题04单项选择题分类解析（形容词和副词）专题05单项选择题分类解析（动词和动词短语）专题06单项选择题分类解析（动词的时态和语态）专题07单项选择题分类解析（情态动词和虚拟语气）专题08单项选择题分类解析（非谓语动词）专题09单项选择题分类解析（定语从句）专题10单项选择题分类解析（连词和状语从句）专题11单项选择题分类解析（名词性从句）专题12单项选择题分类解析（特殊句式）专题13单项选择题分类解析（交际用语）完形填空题分类解析系列专题01记叙文完形填空专题02夹叙夹议完形填空阅读理解题分类解析系列专题01人物传记、故事类阅读理解专题02新闻报道、广告类阅读理解专题03社会生活、说理议论类阅读理解专题04科普类阅读理解专题05新题型阅读理解书面表达题分类及选择讲评专题01书面表达题分类及选择讲评（文字提纲式）专题02书面表达题分类及选择讲评（图画式）专题03书面表达题分类及选择讲评（开放式）一、(2012课标卷)第二节(共5小题 ,每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项.kids health: four steps for fighting stresseverybody gets stressed from time to time. 71 some ways of dealing with stress-like screaming or hitting someone - dont solve（解决）much. but other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better. try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:(1)get support. when you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 72 they might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.(2)dont take it out on yourself. sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. oh, dear, thats not a good idea. remember that there are always people to help you. dont take it out on yourself. 73(3)try to solve the problem. after youre calm and you have support from adults and friends, its time to get down to business. 74 even if you cant solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.(4)be positive. most stress is temporary (暂时的). remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. these steps arent magic, but they do work. and if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, youll help yourself feel better even faster. 75a. ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.b. notice your friends feelings and find a way to help them.c. different people feel stress in different ways.d. ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.e. you need to figure out what the problem is.f. and dont forget about your friends.g. then, find a way to calm down.二、(2012大纲卷)第二节 根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。(每小题1分)daughter：dad. you love me, dont you?father：of course, i do. 61 daughter：well, i saw this great offer for a free phone here in the newspaper, and father： 62 daughter：well, the phone is free after the50 i pay is returned to me.father：ah, so thats the catch. 63 daughter：dad. all my friends have one.father：ah, i dont know. 64 daughter：but the monthly charge for this service is only29.99, with 1,000 free weekday minutes nationwide, and unlimited weekend minutes.father：i dont know.daughter：please dad. with the new phone you wont have to worry about me while im driving the new car.father： 65 daughter：the new car youll need to buy so i can use the phone.a. ah whats on your mind?b. new car? what new car?c. free? nothings ever free.d. what did you do to the new car?e. and why on earth do you need a phone?f. they always charge a lot for the service.g. but what is the term of the service agreement? 这类题型都考的是语境理解。 【解析】根据下文女儿的话语：the monthly charge for this service is only29.99,可知上文应该是手机使用费的问题。三、(2012北京卷)第二节（共5小题 ；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。empathylast year, researchers from the university of michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. _71_ today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.jennifer freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. turn on the tv, and youre showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. _72_there are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. humans are socially related by nature. _73_ researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.empathy is also an indication of a good leader. in fact, freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. _74_ “academics are important. but if you dont have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you wont be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says.whats the best way to up your eq (情商）? for starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. _75_to really develop empathy, youd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.a. everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.b. that could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.c. “one doesnt develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” freed says.d. humans learn by exampleand most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.e. empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone elseboth what they think and how they feel.f. good social skillsincluding empathyare a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life.g. having relationships with other people is an important part of being humanand having empathy is decisive to those relationships.四、(2012上海卷)section cdirections: read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from a-f for each paragraph. there is one extra heading which you do not need.a. when a child should learn to readb. why it is fun to teach a child readingc. what if a child has reading problemsd. how you prepare a young child for readinge. what is the best way to teach a child readingf. whether reading early promises later achievements该题型都是考查考生归纳段落主旨大意的能力的。76. learning to read early has become one of those indicators - in parents minds at least that their child is smart. in fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child. in some cases, there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training.77. traditionally, american schools teach children at age six, but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. if parents start too early to encourage reading,and a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace.【答案】a【解析】根据结合第一句和最后一句话“让孩子按照自己的步伐去学习”可知讨论的是何时让孩子学习。78. over the years, research has proved that the use of both the “whole language method and the phonic method works best for a child to master reading. while the whole language approach, which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful, phonics must be taught. children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a p and another a b. getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written.【答案】e【解析】根据第一句话“全语法和语音法是让孩子掌握阅读的最好方法”可知讨论的是教孩子阅读的最好方法。79. you can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children. besides reading to them, parents can start ear training their child by playing rhyme games. this develops the childs ability to recognize different sounds. in reading to children, parents also can point to words as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying. all this should be a fun activity.80. once a child is in school, the learning of reading is inevitably more serious. for children who have some kind of reading difficulty, you must get a professional diagnosis. while the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on. but it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own childs learning disabilities.【答案】c【解析】根据本段第二句“孩子一旦在阅读上出现了困难，你就得找专家诊断”可知讨论的是孩子出现阅读问题，你该怎么办的问题。五、(2012辽宁卷)第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。how to make friends friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. good friendship has many benefits. it offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. there are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. such changes often leaves us without a friend 71 . but for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends. 1. associate with others. the first step to making friends is associating with other people. you can go to public places to meet new people. besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. 2.start a conversationstarting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 72 you can always start the conversation. being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.3. 73 choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together, hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. 4.let it grow. it is a good thing to stay in touch. however, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 74 . the best friendships are the ones that grow naturally. 5.enjoy your friendshipthe best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 75 try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. a. be cheerful. b. do things together. c. do not wait to be spoken to. d. try not to find fault with your friends. e. making new friends comes easy for some people. f. for a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. g. so you will need to give your friend time to react to you. 【解析】由后面“you can always start the conversation.”可知，你要开始一个对话，所以前面应该是不要等着别人先和你说话。 六、(2012陕西卷)第二节（共5小题；毎小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从下框的af选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。a. be well-organized.b. close with a q & a.c. dont be contradictory.d. bring it to a specific ende. speak slowly and pause.f. drop unnecessary words本题属于概括总结题。speaking to a group can be difficult, but listening to a bad speech is truly a tiresome taskespecially when the speaker is confusing. dont want to confuse your audience? follow these suggestions:61. sometimes we all start a sentence one way and then switch directions, which is very difficult to follow. when you confuse your listeners with opposing information, you leave the audience wondering what part of the information is right and what part they should remember. instead of relying and keeping correcting yourself, work to get the facts clear and straight.63. 【答案】a 【解析】段落中多处出现organize相关的次，如：for your lack of organization，reorganize，just be sure to organize.综合整个段落，建议就是演讲时要有条理，要组织的好。所以选a.jumping from point to point as it comes to your mind puts the onus (责任）on your listeners to make up for your lack of organization. and its confusing for them to listen, reorganize, and figure out what youre saying all at once. but going smoothly from one point to the next helps them understand information more easily. you can arrange things from beginning to end, small to large, top to bottom or by some other order. just be sure to organize.64. repeated use of um, ah, like, you know and some other useless noises can drive an audience crazy. it makes the speaker sound uncertain and unprepared, and it can leave listeners so annoyed that they cant pay attention. recently i attended a speech that was marked by so many ums that audience members were rolling their eyes. was anybody grasping the intended message? um, probably not.65. many speakers finish up their speeches with question-and-answer (q & a) sessions, but some let the q & a go on without a clear end. the audience is often left confused about whether the meeting is over and when they can get up and leave. do your listeners a favour by setting a time limit on questions, and close your speech with a specific signaleven if its something simple like, “if you have any more questions, you know where to reach me.” or even more to the point, conclude your speech with “thanks for your time. ”七、(2012四川卷)第二节 根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项多余选项。（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）what seems to be the problem? 61 how long have you been like this?since saturday night._ 62 yes, i also feel lighthearted.can you think of anything you ate saturday that might have caused it?all i can think of is the fish i had. it didnt taste quite right._ 63 now ill give you some medicine. take it and you should be feeling better soon._ 64 i also suggest that you follow a special diet._ 65 you should stick to eating lighter foods.a.whats that?b.that might be it.c.thank you, doctor.d.any other problems?e.i have a running nose.f.have you seen a doctor?g.i have a terrible stomachache.八、(2012广东卷)第二节 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。首先阅读下列某实习编辑从一组读者来信中整理出来的关键备忘信息：ahobbies: reading, listening to music and watching birdspurpose: asking for spare copies of textbooks, teaching materials or journalsbhobbies: reading, singing and travelingpurpose: learning about ideas of teaching professionals in the worldchobbies: role-playing, listening to music and collecting nice thingspurpose: communicating with new friends among english teachers from the uk and the usadhobbies: reading and exchanging fancy gifts and ideas about local customs and conventionspurpose: exchanging ideas on teaching methodsehobbies: listening to western pop music, exchanging gifts and collecting thingspurpose: making friends with both fellow teachers and students of english around the worldfhobbies: swimming, cycling and raising cats and dogspurpose: finding pen friends all over the world and communicating in english以下信函为上面关键备忘信息的来源。为有效管理资料，请将关键备忘信息与信函原件匹配起来。46.【答案】f【解析】根据“i would like to have pen friends all over the world for my students. they are aged 15-19 and good at swimming, cycling and raising cats and dogs.”得到答案。dear editor,i am a secondary school teacher of english. i would like to have pen friends all over the world for my students. they are aged 15-19 and good at swimming, cycling and raising cats and dogs. if students in your country are interested in corresponding with turkish students in english, please tell them to write to my address, so that i can distribute their letters to my students who are willing to have friends and are in need of practice.ms. imbat81030, istanbulturkey47.【答案】a【解析】根据“my hobbies are reading, listening to music and watching birds.”和“i would appreciate any spare copies if text books, teaching materials or journals”得到答案dear editor,i am interested in corresponding with other tefl teachers and researchers about issues of professional development. i would like to share ideas with fellow teachers from english-speaking countries throughout the world. my hobbies are reading, listening to music and watching birds. since i live in a rather isolated area, i would appreciate any spare copies if text books, teaching materials or journals that other teachers would be able to send me.ms. juliana sirait21214,kisaranindonesia48.【答案】c【解析】根据“i am interested in role-playing and team work,”“collecting nice things, listening to music, reading and traveling.”以及“i would like to make new friends among english teachers mainly from english, the usa,”等信息得到答案。dear editori am a 33-year-old secondary school teacher of english in hungary. i would like to make new friends among english teachers mainly from english, the usa, switzerland, and scandinavia. i am interested in role-playing and team work, i would also like to correspond with colleagues all over the world with the same hobbies as mine: collecting nice things, listening to music, reading and traveling.mariann nyari6724, szeged , tavasz1/bhungary49.【答案】b【解析】根据“i enjoy reading. singing, traveling and so on.”和“so i would like to know some of the ideas of all you professionals out there in the world.”得到答案。dear editor,i am a 23-year-old peace corps volunteer teaching secondary english in equatorial guinea. this is my first experience teaching formally, so i would like to know some of the ideas of all you professionals out there in the world. letters do not have to be all business. when the school day ends, i would enjoy hearing from you. i enjoy reading. singing, traveling and so on.kury w.cobhamap box 456equatorial guinea50.【答案】e【解析】根据“my inter