学术词汇表.doc

学术词汇表Academic Word List (AWL)语料取自1993至1996年的人文、商业、法律及科学四领域的大学书写学术英文资料，每一个领域皆有7门学科(如科学包括生物、化学、电脑科学、地理、地质学、数学、物理；商业则有会计、经济、行销、金融、工业关系、管理、公共政策)，共计三百五十万多字。 利用Heatley & Nation (1996)发展出来的语料分析程式Range 来计算与分类。 若某个字群在AWL语料库出现100次以上(平均每一领域出现至少25次)，这个字就被收入在最常见的学术字汇里，并依其出现频率，分为10个sublist。HeadwordsOther words in the family.abandonabandoned, abandoning, abandonment, abandonsabstractabstraction, abstractions, abstractly, abstractsacademyacademia, academic, academically, academics, academiesaccessaccessed, accesses, accessibility, accessible, accessing, inaccessibleaccommodateaccommodated, accommodates, accommodating, accommodationaccompanyaccompanied, accompanies, accompaniment, accompanying, unaccompaniedaccumulateaccumulated, accumulating, accumulation, accumulatesaccurateaccuracy, accurately, inaccuracy, inaccuracies, inaccurateachieveachievable, achieved, achievement, achievements, achieves, achievingacknowledgeacknowledged, acknowledges, acknowledging, acknowledgement, acknowledgementsacquireacquired, acquires, acquiring, acquisition, acquisitionsadaptadaptability, adaptable, adaptation, adaptations, adapted, adapting, adaptive, adaptsadequateadequacy, adequately, inadequacies, inadequacy, inadequate, inadequatelyadjacent毗邻的，邻近的adjustadjusted, adjusting, adjustment, adjustments, adjusts, readjust, readjusted, readjusting, readjustment, readjustments, readjustsadministrateadministrates, administration, administrations, administrative, administratively, administrator, administratorsadultadulthood, adultsadvocateadvocacy, advocated, advocates, advocating 拥护，提倡：拥护者affectaffected, affecting, affective, affectively, affects, unaffectedaggregateaggregated, aggregates, aggregating, aggregation 集合，使聚集；总计aidaided, aiding, aids, unaidedalbeit虽然，尽管allocateallocated, allocates, allocating, allocation, allocations 分配，分派alteralterable, alteration, alterations, altered, altering, alternate, alternating, alters, unalterable, unalteredalternativealternatively, alternativesambiguousambiguities, ambiguity, unambiguous, unambiguously 含糊的：难以理解的amendamended, amending, amendment, amendments, amends修正，修改（法律或文件）analogyanalogies, analogous 类比，类推，比拟analyseanalysed, analyser, analysers, analyses, analysing, analysis, analyst, analysts, analytic, analytical, analyticallyannualannuallyanticipateanticipated, anticipates, anticipating, anticipation, unanticipatedapparentapparentlyappendappendix, appended, appends, appending, appendices, appendixes 附加，增补（文字）appreciateappreciable, appreciably, appreciated, appreciates, appreciating, appreciation, unappreciatedapproachapproachable, approached, approaches, approaching, unapproachableappropriateappropriacy, appropriately, appropriateness, inappropriacy, inappropriate, inappropriatelyapproximateapproximated, approximately, approximates, approximating, approximation, approximationsarbitraryarbitrariness, arbitrarily 专横的，武断的;任意的areaareasaspectaspectsassembleassembled, assembles, assemblies, assembling, assemblyassessassessable, assessed, assesses, assessing, assessment, assessments, reassess, reassessed, reassessing, reassessment, unassessedassignassigned, assigning, assignment, assignments, assigns, reassign, reassigned, reassigning, reassigns, unassignedassistassistance, assistant, assistants, assisted, assisting, assists, unassistedassumeassumed, assumes, assuming, assumption, assumptionsassureassurance, assurances, assured, assuredly, assures, assuringattachattached, attaches, attaching, attachment, attachments, unattachedattainattainable, attained, attaining, attainment, attainments, attains, unattainable达到，获得attitudeattitudes attributeattributable, attributed, attributes, attributing, attribution 归因于authorauthored, authoring, authors, authorshipauthorityauthoritative, authoritiesautomateautomatic, automated, automates, automating, automatically, automationavailableavailability, unavailableawareawareness, unawarebehalfbenefitbeneficial, beneficiary, beneficiaries, benefited, benefiting, benefitsbiasbiased, biases, biasing, unbiased 偏见，偏心，偏袒bondbonded, bonding, bondsbriefbrevity, briefed, briefing, briefly, briefsbulkBulky 体积；大块头capablecapabilities, capability, incapablecapacitycapacities, incapacitate, incapacitatedcategorycategories, categorisation, categorise, categorised, categorises, categorising, categorizingceaseceased, ceaseless, ceases, ceasing 停止challengechallenged, challenger, challengers, challenges, challengingchannelchannelled, channelling, channelschapterchapterschartcharted, charting, charts, unchartedchemicalchemically, chemicalscircumstancecircumstancescitecitation, citations, cited, citing, cites 引证civilclarifyclarification, clarified, clarifies, clarifying, clarityclassicclassical, classicsclauseclausescodecoded, codes, codingcoherentcoherence, coherently, incoherent, incoherently 有条理的coincidecoincided, coincides, coinciding, coincidence, coincidences, coincident, coincidentalcollapsecollapsed, collapses, collapsible, collapsingcolleaguecolleaguescommencecommenced, commences, commencement, commencing, recommences, recommenced, recommencing 开始commentcommentaries, commentary, commentator, commentators, commented, commenting, commentscommissioncommissioned, commissioner, commissioners, commissioning, commissionscommitcommitment, commitments, commits, committed, committingcommodityCommodities 商品communicatecommunicable, communicated, communicates, communicating, communication, communications, communicative, communicatively, uncommunicativecommunitycommunitiescompatiblecompatibility, incompatibility, incompatible 协调的，相容的compensatecompensated, compensates, compensating, compensation, compensations, compensatorycompilecompilation, compilations, compiled, compiles, compilingcomplementcomplementary, complemented, complementing, complements补足物：全数，全额complexcomplexities, complexitycomponentcomponentry, componentscompoundcompounded, compounding, compounds 使复合：化合物comprehensivecomprehensivelycomprisecomprised, comprises, comprising包含，由组成computecomputation, computational, computations, computable, computer, computed, computerised, computers, computing计算，估计conceiveconceivable, conceivably, conceived, conceives, conceiving, inconceivable, inconceivably 构想出；怀胎concentrateconcentrated, concentrates, concentrating, concentrationconceptconception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualisation, conceptualise, conceptualised, conceptualises, conceptualising, conceptuallyconcludeconcluded, concludes, concluding, conclusion, conclusions, conclusive, conclusively, inconclusive, inconclusivelyconcurrentConcurrently 并存的；意见一致的conductconducted, conducting, conductsconferconference, conferences, conferred, conferring, confers 商议confineconfined, confines, confining, unconfined 限制confirmconfirmation, confirmed, confirming, confirmsconflictconflicted, conflicting, conflictsconformconformable, conformability, conformance, conformation, conformed, conforming, conformist, conformists, conformity, conforms, nonconformist, nonconformists, nonconformity, non-conformist, non-conformists, non-conformityconsentconsensus, consented, consenting, consents同意，赞成consequentconsequence, consequences, consequentlyconsiderableconsiderablyconsistconsisted, consistency, consistent, consistently, consisting, consists, inconsistencies, inconsistency, inconsistentconstantconstancy, constantly, constants, inconstancy, inconstantlyconstituteconstituencies, constituency, constituent, constituents, constituted, constitutes, constituting, constitution, constitutions, constitutional, constitutionally, constitutive, unconstitutional 组成;任命constrainconstrained, constraining, constrains, constraint, constraints, unconstrained强迫；约束constructconstructed, constructing, construction, constructions, constructive, constructs, reconstruct, reconstructed, reconstructing, reconstruction, reconstructsconsultconsultancy, consultant, consultants, consultation, consultations, consultative, consulted, consults, consultingconsumeconsumed, consumer, consumers, consumes, consuming, consumptioncontactcontactable, contacted, contacting, contactscontemporarycontemporariescontextcontexts, contextual, contextualise, contextualised, contextualising, uncontextualisedcontractcontracted, contracting, contractor, contractors, contractscontradictcontradicted, contradicting, contradiction, contradictions, contradictory, contradicts 反驳；与矛盾contrarycontrarilycontrastcontrasted, contrasting, contrastive, contrastscontributecontributed, contributes, contributing, contribution, contributions, contributor, contributorscontroversycontroversies, controversial, controversially, uncontroversialconveneconvention, convenes, convened, convening, conventional, conventionally, conventions, unconventional召集，聚集converseconversely convertconversion, conversions, converted, convertible, converting, convertsconvinceconvinced, convinces, convincing, convincingly, unconvincedcooperatecooperated, cooperates, cooperating, cooperation, cooperative, cooperatively, co-operate, co-operated, co-operates, co-operation, co-operative, co-operativelycoordinatecoordinated, coordinates, coordinating, coordination, coordinator, coordinators, co-ordinate, co-ordinated, co-ordinates, co-ordinating, co-ordination, co-ordinator, co-ordinators协调；坐标corecores, coring, coredcorporatecorporates, corporation, corporationscorrespondcorresponded, correspondence, corresponding, correspondingly, corresponds 通信；相符合，成一致couplecoupled, coupling, couplescreatecreated, creates, creating, creation, creations, creative, creatively, creativity, creator, creators, recreate, recreated, recreates, recreatingcreditcredited, crediting, creditor, creditors, creditscriteriaCriterion的复数 标准，准则crucialcruciallyculturecultural, culturally, cultured, cultures, unculturedcurrencycurrenciescyclecycled, cycles, cyclic, cyclical, cyclingdatadebatedebatable, debated, debates, debatingdecadedecadesdeclinedeclined, declines, decliningdeducededuced, deduces, deducing, deduction, deductions 推论，推断definedefinable, defined, defines, defining, definition, definitions, redefine, redefined, redefines, redefining, undefineddefinitedefinitely, definitive, indefinite, indefinitelydemonstratedemonstrable, demonstrably, demonstrated, demonstrates, demonstrating, demonstration, demonstrations, demonstrative, demonstratively, demonstrator, demonstrators 证明，证实；示范；游行，示威denotedenotation, denotations, denoted, denotes, denoting 表示，意味着denydeniable, denial, denials, denied, denies, denying, undeniabledepressdepressed, depresses, depressing, depressionderivederivation, derivations, derivative, derivatives, derived, derives, deriving得到，导出；推论，追究designdesigned, designer, designers, designing, designsdespitedetectdetectable, detected, detecting, detection, detective, detectives, detector, detectors, detectsdeviatedeviated, deviates, deviating, deviation, deviationsdevicedevicesdevotedevoted, devotedly, devotes, devoting, devotion, devotionsdifferentiatedifferentiated, differentiates, differentiating, differentiation dimensiondimensional, dimensions, multidimensional尺寸diminishdiminished, diminishes, diminishing, diminution, undiminished减小，缩小discretediscretely, discretion, discretionary, indiscrete, indiscretion分离的；不连续的discriminatediscriminated, discriminates, discriminating, discrimination displacedisplaced, displacement, displaces, displacingdisplaydisplayed, displaying, displaysdisposedisposable, disposal, disposed, disposes, disposing布置；处理；使倾向于distinctdistinction, distinctions, distinctive, distinctively, distinctly, indistinct, indistinctlydistortdistorted, distorting, distortion, distortions, distorts歪扭distributedistributed, distributing, distribution, distributional, distributions, distributive, distributor, distributors, redistribute, redistributed, redistributes, redistributing, redistributiondiversediversely, diversification, diversified, diversifies, diversify, diversifying, diversity documentdocumentation, documented, documenting, documentsdomainDomains领土，领地domesticdomestically, domesticate, domesticated, domesticating, domesticsdominatedominance, dominant, dominated, dominates, dominating, dominationdraftdrafted, drafting, drafts, redraft, redrafted, redrafting, redrafts篮球选秀；草图dramadramas, dramatic, dramatically, dramatise, dramatised, dramatising, dramatises, dramatisation, dramatisations, dramatist, dramatists, dramatization, dramatizations, dramatizingdurationdynamicdynamically, dynamics动力的；有生气的economyeconomic, economical, economically, economics, economies, economist, economists, uneconomicaleditedited, editing, edition, editions, editor, editorial, editorials, editors, editselementelements eliminateeliminated, eliminates, eliminating, eliminationemergeemerged, emergence, emergent, emerges, emergingemphasisemphasise, emphasised, emphasising, emphatic, emphaticallyempiricalempirically, empiricism 经验主义的enableenabled, enables, enablingencounterencountered, encountering, encountersenergyenergetic, energetically, energiesenforceenforced, enforcement, enforces, enforcingenhanceenhanced, enhancement, enhances, enhancingenormousenormity, enormouslyensureensured, ensures, ensuringentityentities 实体；本质environmentenvironmental, environmentalist, environmentalists, environmentally, environmentsequateequated, equates, equating, equation, equationsequipequipment, equipped, equipping, equipsequivalentEquivalence 相当的；等价的erodeeroded, erodes, eroding, erosion 侵蚀，腐蚀errorerroneous, erroneously, errorsestablishdisestablish, disestablished, disestablishes, disestablishing, disestablishment, established, establishes, establishing, establishment, establishmentsestateEstates财产，地产estimateestimated, estimates, estimating, estimation, estimations, over-estimate, overestimate, overestimated, overestimates, overestimating, underestimate, underestimated, underestimates, underestimatingethicethical, ethically, ethics, unethical伦理ethnicethnicityevaluateevaluated, evaluates, evaluating, evaluation, evaluations, evaluative, re-evaluate, re-evaluated, re-evaluates, re-evaluating, re-evaluationeventualeventuality, eventually evidentevidenced, evidence, evidential, evidentlyevolveevolution, evolved, evolving, evolves, evolutionary, evolutionist, evolutionistsexceedexceeded, exceeding, exceedsexcludeexcluded, excludes, excluding, exclusion, exclusionary, exclusionist, exclusions, exclusive, exclusivelyexhibitexhibited, exhibiting, exhibition, exhibitions, exhibitsexpandexpanded, expanding, expands, expansion, expansionism, expansiveexpertexpertise, expertly, expertsexplicitexplicitlyexploitexploitation, exploited, exploiting, exploitsexportexported, exporter, exporters, exporting, exportsexposeexposed, exposes, exposing, exposure, exposuresexternalexternalisation, externalise, externalised, externalises, externalising, externalityextractextracted, extracting, extraction, extractsfacilitatefacilitated, facilitates, facilities, facilitating, facilitation, facilitator, facilitators, facility使容易；助长，促进factorfactored, factoring, factorsfeaturefeatured, features, featuringfederalfederation, federationsfeefees filefiled, files, filingfinalfinalise, finalised, finalises, finalising, finality, finally, finalsfinancefinanced, finances, financial, financially, financier, financiers, financingfiniteinfinite, infinitely有限的flexibleflexibility, inflexible, inflexibilityfluctuatefluctuated, fluctuates, fluctuating, fluctuation, fluctuations 波动focusfocused, focuses, focusing, refocus, refocused, refocuses, refocusingformatformatted, formatting, formatsformulaformulae, formulas, formulate, formulated, formulating, formulation, formulations, reformulate, reformulated, reformulating, reformulation, reformulationsforthcoming即将到来的foundfounded, founder, founders, founding, unfoundedfoundationfoundationsframeworkframeworksfunctionfunctional, functionally, functioned, functioning, functionsfundfunded, funder, funders, funding, fundsfundamentalfundamentallyfurthermoregendergendersgenerategenerated, generates, generatinggenerationgenerationsglobeglobal, globally, globalisation, globalizationgoalgoalsgradegraded, grades, gradinggrantgranted, granting, grantsguaranteeguaranteed, guaranteeing, guaranteesguidelineguidelines hencehierarchyhierarchical, hierarchies统治集团highlighthighlighted, highlighting, highlightshypothesishypotheses, hypothesise, hypothesised, hypothesises, hypothesising, hypothetical, hypothetically 假说identicalidenticallyidentifyidentifiable, identification, identified, identifies, identifying, identities, identity, unidentifiableideologyideological, ideologically, ideologies观念形态ignorantignorance, ignore, ignored, ignores, ignoringillustrateillustrated, illustrates, illustrating, illustration, illustrations, illustrativeimageimagery, imagesimmigrateimmigrant, immigrants, immigrated, immigrates, immigrating, immigrationimpactimpacted, impacting, impactsimplementimplementation, implemented, implementing, implementsimplicateimplicated, implicates, implicating, implication,