高中英语 Unit3 Understanding each other虚拟语气讲解及基础练习 牛津译林版选修6.doc

虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种动词形式，常用于表示愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，或与客观事实不符。一、虚拟条件句：条件状语复合句是非真实情况。与事实相反if从句 （谓语时态）主句 （谓语时态）现在did/wereshould（could, would,或might）do过去had doneshould（could, would, 或might）have done将来were to do/should do/didshould（could, would, 或might）do如：1、与现在事实不一致：if it rained, i would not be here now. if i _ (be) you, i _ (work) hard at such important point of your life.2、与过去事实不一致：if the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved.if i_ (study) hard, i _ (not fail) in the exam last term. 3、与将来事实不一致：if it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.if you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry.if i_/_/_ (go) to the moon one day, i could see it with my own eyes.注意：1、if条件从句不可出现“would”。2、“混合虚拟”，即主、从句时间不一致，分别根据句中的时间状语，遵守句型表格。如：if you had asked your teacher yesterday, you would have no questions now.if you _ (follow) the doctors advice, you _ (come) home from the hospital tomorrow.if you _ (work) hard now, you _ (have) a bright future later on.3、if的省略：if从句中如果出现were, had（助动词）, should，可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如if the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved. = had the doctor come last night, the boy would have been saved.if i were to go to the moon one day, i would see it with my own eyes. =_if it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. =_二、名词性虚拟语气：在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中，用（should）do，如：we insisted/ suggested that the meeting should not be held. （_从句）it was required that the crops _(harvest) at once. （_从句）the recommendation that he _(invite) was rejected. (_从句)their demand is that their wages_ (increase). (_从句)常用(should) do虚拟的动词及相应名词：动词：advise, command, order, require, demand, request, insist, propose, suggest名词：advice, command, order, requirement, demand, request, insistence, proposal, suggestion常见句型：1. it is v-ed that it is suggested that she (should) take your advice. it is required that you (should) not eat too much.2. 名词后接的同位语从句中：do you know the order has come that no one _ absent? he put forward the proposal at the meeting that those diaries (should) be well kept. 3. the +n.+ is/ was thatmy request is that everyone (should) come early next morning.注意：当insist作“坚持认为、强调说”时，或当suggest作“暗示、表明”时，其后宾语从句不能用虚拟语气，如：janes pale face suggested that she _ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she _(have) a medical examination.the man insisted that he _ (be) not a thief and that he _(set) free.三、其他特殊句型1. it is important /strange/natural/necessary/a pity/a shame that (should) doits important that everyone should know these rules. its necessary that he _ (send) there at once.its very strange that she _ (leave) without a word.2. wish,if only/how i wish 用虚拟语气表示一种不可能实现的愿望。与现在愿望不一致did/ were与过去愿望不一致had done 与未来愿望不一致would（could）doi wish i were you. i wish i _ (visit) the white house when i was in the states.i wish i _ (meet) you tomorrow at the party.if only he could come! if only i _ (know) the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。3. its (about/high) time+ should do/ 过去时，should 不可以省略its time that you went/should go to school 4. would rather, as if（though），表示过去的情况用had done，表示现在与将来的情况用过去式，如：id rather you _(return) the book yesterday. id rather you _(post) the letter right away.she treated the children as if they were her own. alan talked about rome as if he _ (be) there. 5. without, but, but for, otherwise(要不是，否则)常暗含着含蓄条件。without you, i would never know him.but for your cooperation, we wouldnt have done the work so well.i would be most glad to help you, but i am busy now.i _( come) to the party yesterday, but i _(work) then.i am busy now, otherwise i would do you the favor!6.even if /even though 引导的让步状语从句，主句和从句虚拟参照虚拟条件句。even if lin tao were here, i should say the same thing.even though he had been ill, he _ (go) to his office.7. in case , lest或for fear that 等引导的从句中，谓语动词多用 (should) do。she took her raincoat in case /for fear that /lest she _ (catch) in the rain.8. hope, mean, intend, think, expect, plan, want ,suppose表示意图，打算，希望等虚拟表现在这些词本身上，分别用过去时和过去完成时表示现在和过去没有实现的愿望和打算。i hoped to see him, but i am too busy now. i had hoped to see him, but i was too busy then.1.why didnt you buy the dictionary? i_ , but i _ the money.a. would ; didnt have b. would ; hadnt had c. would have;didnt have d.would have;hadnt had2. alice, why didnt you come yesterday?i _ , but i had an unexpected visitor.a. had b. would c. was going to d. did3.yesterday, you should have come.i _but an old friend turned up.a. had planned to b. planned to c. have planned to d. had planned4. if you had had a good sleep, you _ sleepy now.a. didnt feel b. wouldnt feel c. wouldnt have felt d. dont feel 5. he is supposed _to the meeting ,but he didnt.a. to come b. to have come c. coming d. to be coming6. he hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise we _ a goal.a. had scored b. scoredc. would score d. would have scored 7. the man insisted that he _ the law and _ free. a. break; set b. hadnt broken; set c. should have broken;be set d. hadnt broken;be set8. its necessary that each child _ the rules. a. must obey b. still obey c. obeys d. obey9. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately. a. will there be b. should there bec. there will be d. there should be 10. _ today, he would get there by friday. a. would he leave b. was he leaving c. were he to leave d. if he leave 11. a few minutes earlier and we _ the rain. a. have caught b. had caughtc. could have caught d. were to catch 12. without your help, i _ the exam last term.a. failed in b. would have failed c. wouldnt pass d. would fail13. - “where have you been?” - “i got caught in traffic; otherwise _ sooner.” a. i would be here b. i have been here c. i had been here d. i would have been here 14. if it were not for the fact that you _ ill, i would ask you to do this right now. a. were b. had been c. are d. should be 15. if i _ more time, i could have finished the work better.a. have been given b. had been givenc. have given d. had given16. hell be busy this afternoon. if he _ free, he_ to the cinema with you.a. were to be; might go b. am going to be; will goc. will be; might have gone d. is; will go17. your advice that he _ is reasonable.a. will not smokeb. isnt going to smokec. doesnt smoked. not smoke18. but for your help, i _ the exam.a. would have passed b. wouldnt have passedc. will pass d. had passed19. it is time you _ up. breakfast is ready.a. get b