高中英语 Unit21 Human Biology过关检测（含解析）新人教版选修7.doc

第二十一单元过关检测.单项填空1.they are very familiar with this kind of business,so theres no need to be about the outcome.a.enthusiasticb.optimisticc.concernedd.controversial提示:be concerned about表示“关心”。enthusiastic“热情的”;optimistic“乐观的”;controversial“有争议的”。答案:c2.the centre is well for canoeing and mountaineering.a.offeredb.providedc.equippedd.supplied 提示:句意为:本中心有齐全的划船和登山设备。equip表示“配备,装备,使具备”,be well equipped意为“装备齐全”。答案:c3.(2013陕西高考,18)i have heard a lot of good things about you i came back from abroad.a.sinceb.untilc.befored.when提示:考查连词。句意:自从从国外回来,我就听说了许多关于你的好事情。主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。在四个选项中,只有since作“自从”讲,引导时间状语从句时有这个用法。故选a项。答案:a4.id like to see the movie very much,but i have no money with me.thats ok.my this time.a.offerb.treatc.promised.service提示:treat表示“款待”,b项符合题意。offer“主动帮助,出价”;promise“诺言”;service“服务”。答案:b5.my parents dont mind what job i do i am happy.a.even thoughb.as soon asc.as long asd.as though提示:根据题干意思可知此处是条件状语从句,引导词意思是“只要”,选c项。even though引导让步状语从句,意思是“即使”;as soon as引导时间状语从句,意思是“一就”;as though引导方式状语从句,意思是“仿佛,好像”。答案:c6.in the society,human beings had to eat whatever they could find,whether it was raw or cooked food.a.permanentb.primitivec.ancientd.original提示:permanent“永久的;永恒的”;primitive“原始的;落后的”;ancient“古代的”;original“最初的”;primitive society“原始社会”。答案:b7.most of the local residents the closing of their hospital.a.avoidedb.exposedc.opposedd.received提示:题意:大部分当地居民反对关闭他们的医院。avoided“避免”;expose“暴露”;oppose“反对”;receive“收到”。答案:c8.(2012山东高考,29)being able to afford drink would be comfort in those tough times.a the;theb.a;ac.a;不填d.不填;a提示:考查冠词。句意:在那艰苦的岁月里能够买得起一杯饮料将会是一种安慰。drink在此句中表泛指,指“一杯或一种饮料”;comfort作“安慰,舒适”讲时,为不可数名词,但在此用a comfort表示“一个令人安慰的人或事”,为可数名词。故选b项。答案:b9.he was so careless that he left, the door.a.leaving;unlockedb.to leave;lockedc.left;unlockedd.leaving;locking提示:句意:他是如此粗心,竟然没有锁门就走了。这里leave与其逻辑主语he之间的逻辑关系为主动,故用现在分词作状语,表伴随;the door与unlock之间的逻辑关系为被动,故用过去分词作宾补。答案:a10.while many teachers have welcomed the efficient class,some are still about its result.a.scepticalb.explicitc.sensitived.certain提示:句意为:尽管很多教师欢迎高效课堂,但是也有一些对其结果表示怀疑。sceptical“怀疑的”;explicit“明确的,明白的”;sensitive“敏感的”;certain“确定的”。答案:a11.his uncle is a car dealer and sold him the car.a.at all costsb.at a costc.at the costd.at cost提示:题意:他的叔叔是个汽车销售商,因此按原价卖给了他这辆车。at all costs=at any cost“不惜任何代价,无论如何”;at a cost(of)“以价格”;at the cost of“以牺牲为代价”;at cost “照原价,照成本价”。答案:d12.he determined to a building more suited to his parents needs.a.seek forb.call onc.take ond.hold up提示:seek for=look for“寻求,寻找”。答案:a13.(2013江西高考,33)he wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident.a.whatb.whichc.whered.how提示:考查定语从句。句意:他写了一封信,在信中解释了事故中所发生的一切。先行词为letter,且引导词在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于in the letter,故要用关系副词where。因此c项正确。答案:c14.(2013江西高考,29)when i was a child,i watch tv whenever i wanted to.a.shouldb.couldc.mustd.need提示:考查情态动词。句意:我小时候,想什么时候看电视就可以看。should“应该”;could“可以;能够”;must“必须”;need“需要;有必要”。根据句意可知b项正确。答案:b15.(2013陕西高考,12)my mom suggests that we eat out for a change this weekend.a.shouldb.mightc.couldd.would提示:考查虚拟语气。句意:我的妈妈建议本周末我们出去吃饭,来换换口味。suggest作“建议”讲时,其宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即从句的谓语动词要用“(should)+动词原形”的形式。故答案为a项。答案:a.完形填空the platform shoejames was a curious young man.everywhere he went,he liked to observe things and to 16 people,what they did,and what they wore.17 he was making sudden 18 all the time.he couldnt really help it,and it just happened.for example,he saw a man whose 19 was covered in tattoos(纹身).that man was 20 and walked with pride.james imagined him 21 people up,sometimes with poles and sometimes with his hands,speaking 22 words each time he opened his mouth.many gang members with tattooed body perhaps,james thought to himself.sometimes james felt guilty for 23 others this way,but that feeling was 24 and never really lasted.then,one time,he saw a woman 25 alone in a bar.the woman was middle-aged,quite fat,and although she was not 26,james could tell she was a short lady.as usual,james glanced across at her.as his eyes reached her 27,he got a shock.there she was,on her left foot,wearing a 28 shoe that was at least 3 inches high.how could such a little middle-aged lady who was 29 be so vain as to wear such high platforms?look 30?in that short moment of time,31 thoughts flowed through james mind.a second later,james eyes 32 moved across to the ladys right foot.and there,he got an even bigger 33it was a flat shoe.she was not vain;she was just a disabled woman.if anything,she deserved 34,certainly not blame,not even mental blame.james was struck with great 35.it was a cruel lesson he had to learn about not jumping to conclusions,about not judging people,especially so quickly.16.a.greetb.watchc.meetd.cheat提示:根据第一句信息“james was a curious young man.” 詹姆斯是一个有好奇心的年轻人,推断出:无论他走到哪儿,他喜欢观察事物观察人。watch指“注意,观察”。答案:b17.a.graduallyb.regularlyc.surelyd.commonly提示:根据第二段的例子可知:因为詹姆斯喜欢观察事物观察人,会不由自主地对所见到的人与事进行判断。结合常理:这种习惯应该是逐渐养成的。答案:a18.a.mistakesb.decisionsc.judgmentsd.promises提示:第二段的例子可知:詹姆斯会不由自主地对所见到的人与事进行判断。make sudden judgments为固定词组,意为“做出突然的判断”。答案:c19.a.faceb.shoulderc.bodyd.arm提示:后文信息词“.was covered in tattoos.”可知:此人身上有纹身。答案:c20.a.uglyb.toughc.ambitiousd.strong提示:后文信息词“.walked with pride.”此人走路充满自豪感表明此人身体强壮,以此自豪。答案:d21.a.cheeringb.dressingc.beatingd.holding提示:后文语境“.with poles and sometimes with his hands.”可知:此人有时用杆子或手打人。答案:c22.a.humorousb.modestc.badd.cautious提示:因为詹姆斯此时推测此人是坏人,所以此处指那人一张口就说脏话。答案:c23.a.promisingb.judgingc.speakingd.talking提示:语境:有时,詹姆斯会因为这样判断人而感到内疚。与第一段第三个空“judgments”相呼应。答案:b24.a.temporaryb.endlessc.permanentd.deep提示:but表明这种内疚只是暂时的,从来没有真正的长期存在过。答案:a25.a.performingb.drinkingc.readingd.singing提示:后文地点是酒吧,表明这位女士在饮酒。答案:b26.a.speakingb.standingc.sittingd.walking提示:常识:在酒吧里通常坐着喝酒。此处指女士虽然坐着,詹姆斯仍然判断出她很矮。答案:b27.a.feetb.handsc.eyesd.legs提示:根据下段信息“there she was,on her left foot.”可知詹姆斯此时在观察女士的脚。答案:a28.a.leatherb.tennisc.platformd.flat提示:后文语境:女士穿着至少3英寸的高跟鞋,而且29空后有“platform”提示词。答案:c29.a.commonb.usual c.normald.ordinary提示:从当时詹姆斯的观察:中年女士又胖又矮,自然属于普通人,平凡人。common“普遍的”;usual “通常的”;normal “正常的”;ordinary“平凡的,普通的”。答案:d30.a.strangeb.mysteriousc.responsibled.beautiful提示:常识:女士穿高跟鞋的目的一般是为了看起来漂亮。答案:d31.a.inspiringb.blamingc.persuadingd.defending提示:语境:詹姆斯当时认为:相貌平平的中年女士为了虚荣而穿很高的高跟鞋。所以他的心里闪现出责备的想法。答案:b32.a.naturallyb.secretlyc.firmlyd.coldly提示:这是詹姆斯自然而然的观察习惯。答案:a33.a.pleasureb.honorc.comfortd.shock提示:后文信息“.it was a flat shoe.”另一只鞋子竟然是平跟鞋。这种情况当然会让詹姆斯震惊。答案:d34.a.loveb.awardc.sympathyd.gift提示:上文信息“.she was just a disabled woman.”可知:女士穿高跟鞋不是为了虚荣,而是因为残疾,她应该得到我们的同情。答案:c35.a.fearb.guiltc.pityd.panic提示:语境:詹姆斯为刚才的贸然下结论而感到深深的内疚。答案:b.阅读理解adoctors in britain are warning of an obesity time bomb,when children who are already overweight grow up.so,what should we do? exercise more? eat less? or both? the government feels it has to take responsibility for this expanding problem.the cheerful mr.pickwick,the hero of the novel by charles dickens,is seen in illustrations as someone who is plump and happy.in the 18th century paintings,beauty is equated(使等同) with rounded bodies and soft curves.but nowadays being overweight is seen as indicating neither a cheerful character nor beauty but an increased risk of heart disease,stroke and diabetes.so what do you do? diet? no,according to englands chief medical officer,sir liam donaldson. he says that physical activity is the key for reducing the risks of obesity,cancer and heart disease.and the health secretary john reid even said that being inactive is as serious a risk factor in heart disease as smoking.so,having bought some cross trainers,how much exercise should you do? according to sir liam donaldson,at least 30 minutes of moderate activity five days a week.is going to the gym the answer? luckily for those who think that running machines are boring,the health development agency believes that physical activity that fits into peoples lives may be more effective.they suggest taking the stairs rather than the lift,walking up escalators,playing active games with your children,dancing or gardening.and according to a sports psychologist,professor biddle,gyms “are not making the nation fit”,and may even cause harm.theres new scientific evidence that too much exercise may actually be bad for you.scientists at the university of ulster have found that unsuitable exercise releases dangerous free radicals that can adversely(oppositely) affect normal function in unfit people.the only people who should push their bodies to that level of exercise on a regular basis are trained athletes.so,should we forget about gyms and follow some experts advice to reduce sedentary(久坐不动的) activities and increase exercise in our daily life? after all,getting off the bus a stop early and walking the rest of the way cant do any harm! one final thought:how come past generations lacked gym facilities but were leaner and fitter than people today?36.mr. pickwick and the paintings of the 18th century are used as examples to show that .a.beauty should be overweightb.a fat man is usually a cheerful characterc.fatness was considered something good at one timed.fatness leads to an increased risk of disease提示:细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“the cheerful mr.pickwick,the hero of the novel by charles dickens,is seen in illustrations as someone who is plump and happy.”可知胖曾被认为是幸福。故c项正确。答案:c37.according to sir liam donaldson,we should .a.go on a dietb.do regular physical activityc.give up smokingd.go to the gym提示:细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“according to sir liam donaldson,at least 30 minutes of moderate activity five days a week.”可知要有规律的体育活动。故b项正确。答案:b38.the underlined phrase “cross trainers” probably refers to .a.people who help you do exerciseb.places where you can do exercisec.fitness equipmentd.a kind of food提示:词义推测题。 根据本句后面的“how much exercise should you do?”可以推测cross trainers为健身器材。故c项正确。答案:c39.what is the passage mainly about?a.how to keep fit and avoid fatness.b.increased risks for overweight people.c.the dangers of exercise in the gym.d.the benefit of a balanced diet.提示:主旨大意题。本文主要讲述越来越严重的肥胖问题,以及怎么解决肥胖问题,故a项正确。答案:abeveryone wants to have a healthy heart.still,heart diseases affect more than 1 in 3 adults in the united states.the good news is that some simple,everyday habits can make a big difference in your ability to live a healthy lifestyle.here are some worst habits for your heart,and how to avoid them.watching tvsitting for hours on end increases your risk of heart attack and stroke(中风),“some exercise doesnt make up for the time you sit,”says harmony r.reynolds,why? the lack of movement may affect blood levels of fats and sugars.dr.reynolds advises walking around regularly and,if youre at work,standing up to talk on the phone.leaving hostility and depression uncheckedare you feeling stressed or sad? it can do harm to your heart.while everyone feels this way some of the time,how you handle these emotions can affect your heart health.“those with stress are in greater danger;research has shown a benefit to laughter and social support,” dr.reynolds says.“and its helpful to be able to go to someone and talk about your problems.”cutting off from the worldits no secret that on some days,other human beings can seem annoying and too difficult to get along with.however,it makes sense to strengthen your connections to the ones you actually like.people with stronger connections to family,friends,and society in general tend to live longer,healthier lives.everyone needs alone time,but you should still reach out to others and keep in touch whenever you can.drinking (too much) alcoholsure,studies suggest a small amount of alcohol may be good for your heart.however,too many of us drink over.too much alcohol is linked to a greater risk of high blood pressure,high levels of blood fats,and heart failure.40.watching tv for a long time may .a.help you live a healthy lifeb.lead to heart attackc.make up for the time you sitd.make you feel stressed提示:细节理解题。根据第二段的“sitting for hours on end increases your risk of heart attack and stroke(中风)”可推知b项正确。答案:b41.which of the following is bad for those with stress and sadness?a.laughing a lot.b.talking about their own problems.c.getting social support.d.leaving these emotions alone.提示:细节理解题。 根据第二个黑标题的内容可以找到对应的选项d。答案:d42.if you want a long healthy life,you should .a.cut off from the worldb.get along well with othersc.stay alone as much as possibled.drink no alcohol提示:细节推断题。 根据第三个黑标题内容的“people with stronger connections to family,friends,and society in general tend to live longer,healthier lives.”所以答案选b项。答案:b43.from the passage we can infer that .a.some everyday habits can help avoid heart attacksb.standing up to talk on the phone is not a good ideac.its easy to strengthen your connections to othersd.too much alcohol is not linked to heart failure提示:推理判断题。根据第一段的主题内容直接推断选a项。根据“.if youre at work,standing up to talk on the phone.”推断b项错误。根据第四个黑标题的句子“too much alcohol is linked to a greater risk of high blood pressure”排除d选项。答案:a.任务型读写a new set of brain images shows reading the roman alphabets and chinese characters uses different parts of the brain.the results also suggest that chinese schoolchildren have reading problems in a different part of the brain used in reading alphabet-based languages.this shows that the learning disorder dyslexia(inability to read properly)is not the same in every culture and does not have a universal biological cause.scientists described the results as “very important and revolutionary”.while dyslexia has certain common roots,they said,they now have some proof that this kind of functional problem works differently according to the different demands that western and eastern languages place on the brain.dyslexia is a common developmental disorder in which people of normal intelligence have difficulty learning to read,spell and master other language skills.the results suggest that treating dyslexia around the world probably will require different treatments.“reading is complex,”said guinevere eden,georgetown university professor.“this shows we need to be more open-minded about diverse treatment approaches.”its origins are complex.there appears to be a genetic aspect to the illness.it also may result from brain injury before birth that changes visual and hearing pathways in the brain.earlier brain scans show that english-reading dyslexics dont function properly in a left part of the brain associated with the awareness of 44 sounds from the english alphabet.however,according to the new study,reading chinese uses some different parts of the brain located in the left-front of the brain.it is associated with symbol interpretation.unlike alphabet letters,chinese characters represent entire thoughts and physical objects.dyslexiadefinitiona learning 44. in which people of average iq find it 45. to learn to read and acquire other language skillsoriginsgenetic causes or brain 46. before birth