名词性从句归纳.doc

名词性从句【专题要点】名词性从句考点概览：1.that和what引导名词性从句的区别；2.名词从句的语序和时态；3.it作形式宾语的几种情况；4.that从句作介词宾语；5.宾语从句的否定转移；6.whether和if的用法区别；7.what在名词性从句中的使用；8.doubt后的名词性从句的使用。【考纲要求】考纲明确要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。【教法指引】名词性从句一直很受高考命题者的关注，分高考资源网析近五年来的名词性从句的考点，从出题者的角度，就是要考察名词性从句中的语序以及引导词之间的区别。有时候，会结合插入语或名词与同位语隔开，或使句子结构复杂化等使得难度增加。其实，总的难度和变化都不大。但是从考生的角度来说，如果考生对句子结构掌握不过硬，对某些词或词组的用法不了解，就会容易造成和定语从句、状语从句的混淆，造成根本环节的误判而用其他从句的规则去解题。造成丢分，为此，在复习备考中教师可以按照如下要求做好指导：1. 扎实做好名词性从句基本用法的复习；2小心辨析，采用对比分析法，从结构和句意两方面分析定语从句和名词性从句，尤其是定语从句和同位语从句的区别。2从结构入手，分析名词性从句和状语从句之间的关系及区别。3加强名词性从句引导词各自意义，用法，特点的辨析。4加强长、难句的分析和理解练习。【知识网络】 名词性从句的用法在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当， 这个句子就叫名词性从句。可分为主语从句 ，宾语从句 ， 同位语从句，表语从句一.主语从句1.主语从句的连接词1).连接词: that, whether 例:(1).That he will win is certain. (2).It has been reported that sales of beef in China will increase. (3).Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided. (4).Whether he ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.2).连接代词: who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever例 : (1).It is clear who is afraid of having a change in land ownership. (2).Whose bag it is can not be told. (3).What India needs is a law to make land ownership fairer. (4).It is not yet decided which cash crop will be produced next year. (5).Whatever he said was right. (6).Whoever go there must get ready by 6 oclock.3).连接副词: when, where, why, how, how many, how much how long, how soon, how often例: (1).When well start tomorrow will be told soon. (2).Where we can buy a map is something we need to find out. (3).Why he came here is not known. (4).How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed. (5).How many people died from starvation that year will never be known. (6).How often hell go to see his grandmother depends on the time he can spare.2.注意点1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓 语在后. 例: 误: When will he come is not known.正: When he will come is not known.2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,但不能省略. 例: 误: He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.正: That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.3).whether可以引导主语从句,但if不能.4).whoever, whatever, whichever等词可以引导主语从句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能.5).为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例: It is well known/reported/thought/said/ that It is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/that It is a pity/a shame/an honour/ that It doesnt matter whether/It seems that It happens that用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎 It occurs to me that 我想起(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说 6. 主语从句不可位于句首的情况：（1）It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. (2）It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. （3）It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. （4）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 二.宾语从句1.宾语从句的引导词: 除引导主语从句的连接词外,还有if.2.注意点1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数情况下可以省略.下列情况不省(1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that 从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略. 例: We must make it clear that we know what he say. (2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中, 第二个that 不省略. 例: He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.3).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 但: (1).当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if. 例: I dont know whether I will stay or not. (2).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. 例 I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. (3).不定式前 例 I do not know whether to get married or wait.4). 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。注意：若谓语动词为hope, 宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。三 .表语从句1.表语从句的引导词: 基本上与主语从句的引导词相同.连词除了that, whether(不用if)外,还可以用because.在连系动词seem,look之后还可用as though (as if ). 例: (1).That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year. (2).The question was when the butcher was (3).That is what he told us. (4).It seems as if it is going to rain. 2.注意点1). 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导.4).不要使用 The reason is because that 句型, 应使用 The reason is that 或 This / it /that/ is because等句型.例如: 今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多. 误: The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 正: The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 或:He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.四同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，同位语从句前面的名词常见的有: idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion proof, message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth ,word 等. I have no idea when he will come.2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）五 名词性从句总结：名词性从句包括四种从句即主语从句、表词从句、宾语从句和同位词从句。名词性从句的特点：that 、who、 whom、 what 、whether及 when、 where引导名词性从句时必须是陈述句词序：1、主词从句：That light travels in straight line is known to all . (That 引导主语从句不可省)主语从句通常以it 做形主语出现It was my fault that I had him play football.It is important that we should go to the school to talk with the teacher.2、表语从句，即名词性从句放在表语位置就是表语从句，需要注意的，主语是 reason时，表语要用that引导而不是because The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning . 3、宾语从句that 常可以省略，并且注意时态呼应，当主句为过去时时，从句时态一定往前推移，不可出现现在时或现在完成时。The teacher told us that Tomo had left us for America 4、同位语从句注意与定语从句区别，同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在从句中无语法位置，而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置如： The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong( 同位idea在从句中无位置，而从句只是具体说明idea的内容）。The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong (定语从句，idea做put forward 的宾语)。whether与if 在名词性从句中的用法区别:if一般只用于引导宾语从句，而 whether可引导包括宾语从句在内的其他名词从句。1) 连词whether引导的主语从句，表语从句不能用if来替换。Whether he will attend the meeting is uncertain.The question is whether he will come.2) 宾语从句中，whether常与or not搭配，可以说whether or not，而不说if or not。I dont care whether or not she will attend the meeting.3) whether可用在介词后，或带to不定式前，if则不可。She doesnt know whether to get married now or wait.I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back home.4）某些动词后面(如discuss)只能用whether ，不用if。We discussed whether we should go on climbing.Exercises:1.It is important that _ our education in all available ways. A. we must develop B. we shall develop C. we would develop D. we should develop2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week. A. we got e