主谓一致石小萍.doc

主谓一致(修正稿)主谓一致指的是谓语动词与主语在人称和数方面的一致。主谓一致有三项原则，即：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则是在特殊情况下对语法一致的补充。这里就一些情况作如下说明：（一）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，谓语常用单数。Six months is too short a time to learn a language. 六个月时间太短，不能学会一门语言。Ten dollars is enough for that book. 买那本书10美元就足够了。Four thousand miles is a long distance.4000英里是很长的距离。Fifty kilograms is not too heavy to be carried.五十公斤不至于重到扛不动的地步。注：如果强调数量，谓语动词可用复数。One hundred cents make a dollar.100美分等于一美元。More than fifty years have passed since they got married.他们夫妻已共同走过了五十多年。 （二） 主语是代词one, one of, each (of), another, the other, either (of), neither， a little, little, much及any, some, every, no与-thing,- body, -one构成的合成代词时，谓语用单数。Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人.Either of the shirts fits me perfectly. 两件衬衫中任何一件都很适合我穿.Someone is waiting for you at the gate. 有人在门口等你。No one knows how to deal with the matter. 没人知道如何处理这个问题。当neither of，none of修饰主语时作主语时,在现代英语中谓语动词多用复数,但有时也用单数.None of us is/are afraid of difficulties. 我们中没有人害怕困难.None of them havehas a Chinese English dictionary.（三）不定式、动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。To give is better than to take. 给予比索取好.Helping others is helping ourselves. 帮助别人就是帮助自己.Whether they will accept our invitation is still unknown. 他们是否接受我们的邀请,现在还不知道.（四）从句作主语时：1what引导的主语从句，谓语动词视情况而定。 What we need is more time. / What we need are more teachers.2在“one of + 复数名词 + who / that”引导的从句中的动词用复数，但当one之前有the only等修饰语时，从句中的动词则用单数。 This is one of the girls who were late for the meeting. This is the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting.（五）以and连接的两个名词作主语时谓语动词通常用复数。Walking and riding are good exercises.但在以下几种情况中用单数：1由and连接的两个单数名词作主语，若名词前有every，each，no，many a等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Every boy and every girl/ Each boy and each girl was given a book.每个男孩和女孩都发了本书。 _许多男孩和女孩都犯同样的错误。(many a) No teacher and no student is permitted to take the books out of the library.老师和同学都不允许把书带出图书馆.No boys and no girls have heard the story before. 男孩和女孩以前都没有听过这个故事.2当被修饰的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一个人、物或概念时。The girls teacher and friend is a young doctor.The professor and writer is to give us a lecture on culture.这个教授兼作家要给我们做一个关于文化的讲座.The science and technology plays an important part in China.比较：The soldier and writer has gone to the front. (士兵兼作家)The soldier and the writer have gone to the front. (士兵和作家) 2两个意义相关的名词构成的成对词，如：bow and arrow(弓箭), bread and butter(凃黄油的面包), horse and cart(马车), knife and fork(刀叉), needle and thread(针线)等，表示成套的工具或者一种食品，作主语时，后跟谓语动词单数。 A knife and fork is on the table.试比较： Bread and milk is nice food. (一种食物)Bread and milk have gone up in price. (两种单独的食物)（六）有些以-s结尾的名词作主语时，根据其意思来决定谓语动词的单复数： 1表示学科名称的名词单数； 2国家或团体名称单数； 3the Olympic Games复数； 4当复数同形的名词，如：means，works等。 Every means has been tried. / All means have been tried.（七）集体名词作主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数：1police，people ，Cattle等名词复数；Cattle are eating grass on the hillside.Police have searched the building for the man. 2clothing，equipment，furniture等名词单数； 3family，class，public，population等名词表示个体时单数；表示单位成员时复数；My family lives at No. 166 Park Street.The public is made up of you and me.Our football team have arrived.Out football team plays well.4the+ adj. 表一类人，谓语用复数。但the good (好的东西)，the useful, the beautiful等表示抽象的概念作主语时，谓语用单数。The wounded were taken to the hospital immediately. 伤者被紧急送往医院。The beautiful gives pleasure to a11 of us. 美让我们大家愉悦。（八）当中心词是all，some，any，enough，most，half，the rest等时，其主谓一致一般遵循意义一致原则：如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词则用单数。Half of the building was damaged in the hurricane.在飓风中这栋建筑物有一半遭到损坏。Half of the books were written in Chinese. 这些书有一半是用汉语写的。The first question was very difficult, but the rest _pretty easy.第一个问题很难，但其余的都相当简单。The rest of the story _ (need; needs)no telling.故事的其余部分就不需要讲了。（九）a lot of/ lots of，a large quantity of等量词 + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由这些量词后的名词决定。A large quantity of people are needed here. 但large quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Large quantities of food / books are on the table.（十）a kind ofkinds of作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由kind决定，type也是这样。 This kind of men is dangerous. / Men of this are dangerous.（十一）分数或百分数 + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由分数或百分数后的名词决定。About one third of the stories are worth reading.Two fifths of the area is covered by snow. Only 40 percent of the work has been completed.（十二）more than one .，many a .作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： Many a good man has been destroyed by drink.很多好男人都毁在了饮酒上。There_ more than one possible explanation.可能的解释不只一个。（十三）or，either . or .，neither . nor .，not only . but (also) .等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与就近的主语一致。Either you or he is going.要么你去，要么他去。Neither he nor I _ (have; has)finished the homework.他和我都没有完成家庭作业。注：由there 或here引导的句子，主语不只一个时，谓语的数通常和邻近的主语保持一致。There is a teacher and 56 students in the classroom.教室里有由一位老师和56个学生。Here _(are; is)some envelopes and paper for you.这些是给你的信封和纸。（十四）主语后面跟有like，as well as / with/ along with/ together with，except/ but / rather than， including/ besides/ in addition to等词组时，谓语根据主语而定。 E-mail, as well as phone calls, is playing a very important part in daily communication.像电话一样，电子邮件在日常交流中也起着非常重要的作用。Tom, together with his wife and children, is sitting there playing computer games.汤姆和他的妻子孩子正坐在那里玩电脑游戏。Mr. Li, as well as his children, is going there by bus.【题例精析】【例1】 Mike, what did our monitor say just now? Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who _ to visit the museum _ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning. （2007南京一中卷）A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is【易错点悟】解答该题的关键是要理解题干结构，把握以every, no, each 等限定的并由and连接的两个并列名词用作主语时的主谓一致以及定语从句中的主谓一致。【要点精析】该题为一个带有定语从句的复合句，句中作定语的关系代词who指代先行词teachers，为复数，故谓语动词该用are；as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词要根据前一个主语决定；由 every, no, each 等限定的并由and连接的两个并列名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。【答案】D【例2】 What the remote areas need _ education to children and what the children need _ good textbooks at the moment. （2007山东枣庄3月交流卷）A. is; are B. are; is C. was; were D. were; was【易错点悟】解答该题关键是要注意由特殊疑问词what引导的主语从句作主语时的主谓一致关系。【要点精析】一般情况下，what引导主语从句，常表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式，但当它所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词要用复数形式。该题强调现在，用一般现在时态。【答案】A【专项检测】1. Whom _ this pair of glasses belong to and whose _ the glasses on the table? A. does; is B. do; are C. does; are D. do; is2. There _ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk. A. are B. is C. has D. have3. The United States of America _ one of the most developed countries in the world. A. is B. are C. was D. were4. “All _ present and all _ going on well,” our monitor said. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are5. I have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which _ very difficult. A. is B. are C. was D. were6. The trouble with such resources as coal, oil and gas _ that they are not renewable. A. has been B. are C. have been D. is7. More than one example _ necessary to make the students understand this rule clearly. A. should be B. is C. are D. have been8. Although many of the houses in the small town _ still in need of repair, there _ lots of improvement in their appearance. A. are; has been B. is; have been C. is; are D. are; was9. Going to bed early and getting up early _ a good habit. A. is B. are C. were D. was10. The police _ asked that anyone who saw the accident should get in touch with _. A. have; them B. has; him C. have; him D. has; them11. My friend and classmate Paul _ horse-riding in his spare time. A. practice B. practices C. is practiced. D. is practicing12. People like beautiful things, but the beautiful_ not always the useful. A. is B. are C. was D. were13. Are you very anxious? Yes. Ten minutes _ like an hour when you are waiting for a phone call. A. seem B. seems C. do D. does14. On the wall _ two large pictures of his parents. A. hangs B. hanged C. hanging D. hang15. Thats the one of the subjects that _ to start a conversation. A. intends B. intend C. are intended D. is intended16. I, who _ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study. A. be B. am C. are D. is17. Not only my brother but also I _ good at painting. Both of us _ good painters. A. are; are B. am; are C. is; is D. are; is18. Setting fire to the public buildings _ highly dangerous and forbidden by law.A. are B. is C. has D. were19. _ visitors to the UK were asked by newspaper reporters what their impressions of the British people were. A. The number of B. A number of C. Numbers of D. Any numbers of20. The first two questions were easy, but the rest of them _ not. A. was B. were C. being D. to be21. “The public _ the best judge.” means “the public always _ their thoughts correctly.” A. are; express B. are; expresses C. is; express D. is; express22. This kind of cakes _ good while cakes of that kind _ different. A. taste; are B. tastes; are C. smells; is D. look; are23. Where to find the teacher and where to do the experiment _. A. are not known B. is not known C. has not known D. have not known24. The manager or his secretary _ to give you an interview. A. is B. are C. was D. were25. That they have cheated the boys _ now clear to us all. A. is B. are C. was D. were26. The old _ taken good cave of in our country. A. is B. has C. are D. have27. It seems to me that what Lucy saw and heard _ very interesting. A. was B. were C. is D. are28. Every means _ tried, but in vain. A. have been B. has been C. are D. is29. Many a boy and many a student _ looking forward to visiting the United States of America at present. A. are B. were C. is D. was30. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play31. Though small, the ant is as much a creature as all other animals_ on earth. A. are B. is C. do D. have32. Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that _ not fully understood. A. are B. were C. is D. was33. Everybody in our country, men and women, old and young, _ sports and games. A. are fond of B. enjoys C. go in for D. take part in34. There are _ flowers shown in the park and _ people go to have a look. A. varieties of; various B. a plenty of; many C. various; many a D. quite a few; quite a little35. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories _ to be built here. A. is B. are C. was D. were36. The engineer and worker referred to _ to design something. A. be going B. are going C. be likely D. is going37. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land. A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have38. The education system rather than the teachers _ to answer for the overburden on the students. I agree. I hope the reform being carried out in our country will hang about the _ results.A. me; desired B. is; desired C. are; desiring D. is; desiring39. His Selected Poems _ first published in 1986. A. were B. was C. has been D. is40. Writing stories and articles _ what she enjoys most. A. is B. have been C. was D. were41. Each of the students in our class _ great interest in English and they each _ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary. A. shows; have B. have; has C. is; have D. takes; has42. The factory, including its machines and buildings, _ burnt last night. A. is B. are C. were D. was43. The White family _ very large. All the family _ animal lovers. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are44. Large quantities of fruit _ all over the world from China today. A. is shipped B. are shipped C. has Shipped D. have shipped45. In our country each boy and each girl _ the right to receive a good education. A. is B. are C. has D. have【答案解析】1C。“this / the pair of + 名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数；glasses，trousers，clothes等复数名词作主语，谓语动词则用复数。2B。There be句型中，主语不止一个时，遵循“就近一致”的原则，即谓语与邻近的主语保持人称和数的一致。3A。表示国家，组织、单位的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。4C。不定代词all作主语，指人时，谓语动词常用复数；指物时，谓语动词常用单数。5A。“the rest of + 名词”作主语，谓语动词的数与中心名词保持一致，这里which指代the book故用is。6D。the trouble / problem with .意为“由带来的问题；存在的问题”。题中：the trouble为主语部分的中心词。7B。many a(许多) + 单数可数名词或more than one(不止一个) + 单数可数名词作主语时，常遵循“语法一致”的原则，即主语是单数，谓语也用单数。 8A。此处improvement是不可数名词。9A。当and连接两个或两个以上的词、短语或句子作主语且表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。10A。police，people，cattle等表示“总称”的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。 11B。Paul既是我的朋友还是我的同学，主语指的是一个人，故谓语动词用单数，且根据题意，此处需用一般现在时态的主动语态。 12A。the + 形容词/ -ing形式/ 过去分词(表示类人或事物)做主语时，谓语动词常用复数，但表示一种抽象概念或品质时，谓语动词常用单数。题中the beautiful is not always the useful意为“好看的不一定总是有用的”。 13B。表示时间、距离、金额数量等的名词作为一个整体作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。14D。这是一个倒装句，主语是复数形式，故谓语动词用复数。15D。be intended to do / for意为“被打算”。先行词为one of .结构时，定语认句中的谓语动词用复数形式；先行词为 the (only) one of .结构时，从句中谓语动词用单数。16B。关系代词作主语，定语从句中的谓语动词应与先行词保持人称和数的一致。17B。not only . but also，either . or，neither . nor，not . but等结构连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数应遵循“就近一致”的原则。 18B。不定式、-ing形式短语或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。注意：当what引导的从句作主语，且表语为名词时，谓语动词的数常由表语的数决定。19B。答案C、D本身就错误的，A表示“的数目”，B表示“许多”，依据谓语是were，选B。20B。本题的要点是half of，the rest of，plenty of修饰可数或不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数，视具体情况而定。如果of后面是不可数名词，谓语用单数，如果of后面是可数名词，则谓语用复数形式。21D。本题的变化点是集合名词若作整体看待，谓语用单数；若看作一个个成员时，谓语用复数。22B。本题考查知识点是：由 a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of和“名词+ of this kind”等以及由与kind意义相似的 type，sort等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与