北京四中高考英语国庆作业 短文改错、阅读理解（3）(1).doc

北京四中2015高考英语短文改错、阅读理解国庆作业（3）及答案短文改错dear ralph,im a newcomer here of a small town. i would 1. _describe myself as shy and quietly. before my classmates, 2. _it seems always difficult for me to do things well as3. _them. im sure they will laugh to me and see me as4. _a fool. so i feel unhappy every day. 5. _besides, i have few friends. i dont know that they 6. _dont like to talk with me. sometimes, we talked to each other7. _very well in class, but after class we become stranger at 8. _once. i am trying to improve the situation since it doesnt 9. _seem to work. can you tell me about what i should do? 10. _yours,xiao wei答案及解析1. of改为from。of表示所属意义， 此处应为“来自一个小城镇”。2. quietly改为quiet。describe后接名词或代词+ as +名词或形容词， 其中as +名词或形容词作宾语补足语， 表示“把描写成什么/什么样子”。3. well前加as。as well as“跟(做得)一样好”。4. to改为at。laugh to.意为“对大笑”。laugh at.意为“嘲笑”， 有明显的、 有意的敌意的含义， 根据后文and see me as a fool， 故应用laugh at才对。5. 此行无错误。6. that改为why。that引导宾语从句， 本身无意义， 只起连接作用。7. talked改为talk。整篇文章叙述的都是现在的情况。改为现在时， 使其与上下文一致。 8. stranger改为strangers。与句子主语we一致。9. since改为but。根据上下文， 前后句之间为转折关系。 10. 删除about。tell的结构为：tell sb. sth. “告诉某人某事”， 表示直接意义； tell sb. about sth. “告诉某人有关某事的某些内容”， 表示间接意义。【由北京市丰台区2014高考模拟改编】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。what is so amazing about giving blood? the national blood service, which covers all of england and north wales, needs nearly two and a half million blood donations each year. when you give blood, youll be doing one of the most amazing things anybody could dream of saving a life._all types of blood are needed not just rare ones. in fact, the commoner the blood type, the more are needed. so even if your blood is one of the most common types group o for example you can be sure that by donating three times a year, you really are doing something amazing. what is the donation process?the donation will last about an hour in all. when you arrive, you will be asked a few questions about your health. then a drop of blood will be taken and tested just to make sure youre not anemic(贫血). if all is well, your donation will be taken. this only takes about ten minutes, during which time 470ml of blood will be collected. most people hardly feel a thing. after a short rest, a drink and biscuits, youll be up and ready to go. all equipment used in the collection of your blood is new and is never reused, so you dont have to worry about risks to your health in the collection of your blood.who can become a blood donor?becoming a blood donor really is very simple. as long as youre in good health and aged between 17 and 60, you can become a blood donor. if you would like more information or advice, or you want to become a blood donor, ring the donor helpline on 0845 7711. the donor helpline is open 24 hours a day every day of the year. 1. which is the subtitle of paragraph 2? a. why should you donate blood? b. what types of blood are needed? c. what should you consider before donation? d. how many times a year can you donate blood?2. before giving blood, you will _.a. rest for a while b. wait for one dayc. fill in a form d. take a blood test3. what does the passage tell us about the donation process?a. it takes many hours.b. its done on computer.c. it doesnt need equipment.d. it wont affect donors health.4. the purpose of the writing is to _.a. introduce the national blood service b. show the importance of donationc. call on people to donate blood d. remind people of the danger【参考答案】1.b2.d 3.d4.c阅读理解。as the railroads and the highways shaped the american west in the past centuries, a new electrical generating（发电）and transmission（输送）system for the 21stcentury will leave a lasting mark on the west, for better or worse. much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. the same is true of big solar pants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.the 19th century saw land grants（政府拨地）offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads ,leaving public land in between privately owned land . in much of the west ,some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped ,and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management, with the completion or the interstate highway system ,many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well ,have lost their lifeblood and died .big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the west .this is not an argument against building then ,we need alternative energy badly .and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now .so trade-offs will have to be made .some scenic sport will be sacrificed .some species (物种)will be forced to move ,or will be carefully moved to special accommodations ,deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects .the lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter .the 21st century development of the american west as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money to do a lot of good .but it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroad and the highway.the money set aside in negotiated trade offs and the institution that control will shape the west far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines .so lets remember the effects of the railroad and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the west .( ) 1.what was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?a. small towns along the railways became abandoned.b. some railroad stops remained.c. land in the west was hard to manage.d. land grants went into private hands.( ) 2. what is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?a. the transmission of power b. the use of money and power c. the conservation of solar energy d. the selection of an ideal place ( ) 3.what is the authors attitude towards building solar plants?a. cautious b. approving c. doubtful d. disapproving ( ) 4.which is the best title for the passage?a. how the railways have affected the west b. how solar energy could reshape the west c. how the effects of power plants can be reduced d. how the problems of the highways have been settled【文章大意】说明文。文章说明的是一种新的太阳能电力系统是如何或好或坏的影响美国西部地区的。1.答案c。细节理解题。由文章第二段in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management ,with the completion or the interstate highway system可知。2.答案b。细节理解题。由文章alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money to do a lot of good和文章最后两段内容可以看出。3. a 态度题，作者由铁路和高速公路在西部建设过程中出现的好的和坏的影响来说明solar plants 在西部建设也会出现同样的问题。他是担心的caution4. b 主旨大意题。文章说明的是一种新的太阳能电力系统是如何或好或坏的影响美国西部地区的。太阳能电力系统会重塑美国西部。第13组阅读理解-ain the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. this sometimes happens with humans also. but i have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. i see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. and i have discovered that it makes them happy.from my wheelchair experience, i see the best in people, but sometimes i feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness i see daily. they dont get to see this soft side of others. often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. but only when we stop pretending were brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness thats in them.last month, when i was driving home on a busy highway, i began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. people behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning (按喇叭) or even shouting at me. at the moment i decided to do something i had never done in twenty-four years of driving. i put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.no more angry shouts and no more horns!when i put on my flashlights, i was saying to other drivers, “i have a problem here. i am weak and doing the best i can.” and everyone understood. several times, i saw drivers who wanted to pass. they couldnt get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. but instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we dont feel that way. but those are few and far between. more often, it would be better if we dont pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.( ) 1. the author has discovered that people will feel happy when _. a. they offer their help b. they receive others help c. they feel others kindness d. they show their weakness( ) 2. the author feels sad sometimes because _. a. he has a soft heart b. he relies much on others c. some people pretend to be kind d. some people fail to see the kindness in others( ) 3. what did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?a. they speed up to pass. b. they waited with patience. c. they tried their best to help. d. they put on their flashlights too.( ) 4. in this passage, the author advises us to _. a. handle problems by ourselves b. accept help from others c. admit our weakness d. show our bravery( ) 5. which of the following is the best title for the passage? a. a wheelchair experience. b. weakness and kindness. c. weakness and strengthd. a driving experience本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者对weakness思考，建议我们应该承认自己的软弱的一面1. a 细节理解题 根据第一段最后一句话“and i have discovered that it makes them happy.”及此句之前的内容可以得出答案。2. d细节理解题 根据第二段第一句话“but sometimes i feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness i see daily”可以得出答案。3. b 细节理解题 根据倒数第二段最后一句话“but instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak”可以得出答案。4. c 主旨大意题，文中反复提示weakness给作者带来的好处，不难得出答案为c5. b 主旨大意题 综合原文，以及运用排除法，不难得出答案为c。a和d太片面， c选项中的strength文中没有提及。 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。in the long discussion of water on the moon, a new study contradicts (与相矛盾) some recent reports that say the moon had water at the time of its formation. a group of researchers reports in the journal science that when the moon was created, some 4. 5 billion years ago, there was not much hydrogen (氢气) on it, and therefore no water. the researchers surveyed and evaluated this by analyzing chlorine isotopes found in lunar rock samples from apollo missions. the range of chlorine (氯) isotopes in lunar samples was 25 times that found in samples from earth. “if the moon had significant levels of hydrogen, as earth did, this range would have been far less,” said zachary d. sharp, a scientist in the department of earth and planetary sciences and the studys lead author. “the chlorine would have stuck together with hydrogen, forming compounds like hydrogen chloride, and escaped from the moons surface,”he said. the abundance of chlorine indicates a lack of hydrogen and water. “the amount of water on the moon was way too low for life to have ever have possibly have existed there,” he said. most scientists believe the moon was formed when a large object struck earth, breaking off a chunk (a vast piece) that has since orbited earth. on earth, goes one theory, water was released as steam from molten basalts (玄武岩) over time, eventually forming bodies of water. “an understanding of whether the moon was dry or wet w