高考英语 主语和谓语一致.doc

主语与谓语的一致在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思及强调的内容。第一部分 主语与谓语的一致的原则主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致问题一般遵循三条原则：一、语法形态一致 二、意义一致 三、就近一致原则。一、 语法形式上一致 英语语法要求，主语如果是单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式；主语若是复数，谓语动词也要用复数形式。例如:she likes to eat well.we all like good food.we are students and they are teachers.this is a desk and thats a chair.二、意义上一致主语形式上虽为单数，但意义为复数；谓语动词用复数。例如：the crowd were running for their lives. 人群在逃命。单数形式表示复数意义的有people, police, cattle 等。主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：the news was very exciting. 这消息令人兴奋。形复意单的名词有news, works（工厂）,physics, politics, mathematics等。三、就近一致原则 即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于靠近它的词语。例如由连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等。 连接的并列的主语，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。例如: neither you nor he is right. 你不对他也不对。【指点迷津】1、就近一致1）当主语由either. or. neither. nor , not only . but(also) 或or连接时，谓语动词通常和最临近的那个主语一致。例如：either you or he is to do the work. not only you but also tom often comes late to class. neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it. 2）当there be结构后面有并列主语时，谓语也和最临近的那个一致。如：there is a dictionary and many books on the table.there re ten chairs and a table in the house.here is a pen, a few envelopes and same paper far you.3）做主语的名词或代词后接with，together with，along with，as well as等短语时，谓语动词一般和前面名词或代词一致。这些短语前后可用可不用逗号。如：a woman with a baby is coming to the hospitalthe girl, as well as the bays, has learned to drive a car.第二部分 主语与谓语的一致注意事项下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：1）the book is on the table.2）he is reading english.3）to work hard is necessary.（it is necessary to work hard.）4）how you get there is a problem.2、复数主语跟复数动词。如：children like to play toys.3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here, there开头，be 动词与后面第一个名词一致。如：1）there is a dog near the door.2）there were no schools in this area before liberation.3）here comes the bus.4）on the wall were two famous paintings.5）here is mr. brown and his children.4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如：1）jane, mary and i are good friends.2）he and my father work in the same factory.3）his sister, no less than you, is wrong.4）the father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.5）he, like you and xiao liu is very diligent.6）every picture except these two has been sold.7）alice with her parents often goes to the park on sundays.8）alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.9）nobody but mary and i was in the classroom at that time.5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词。如：1）the writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.2）bread and butter is their daily food. 3）the writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：1）every boy and every girl has been invited to the party.2）no teacher and no student is absent today.3）many a student is busy with their lessons.7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）each takes a cup of tea.2）either is correct.3）neither of them likes this picture.8、由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）is everyone here?2）nothing is to be done.9、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：1）those who want to go please sign their names here.2）anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.3）he is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。如：1）three years is not a long time.2）ten dollars is what he needs.3）five hundred miles is a long distance.11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。如：1）the united states is in north america.2）the united nations has passed a resolution(决议)。3）“the arabian nights”is an interesting book. 天方夜谭是一本有趣的书。12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience（听众，观众），government等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：1）my family is going to have a long journey.2）my family are fond of music. 3）the class has won the honour. 4）the class were jumping for joy. 13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如：1）all of the apple is rotten. 2）all of the apples are rotten.3）most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。14、the + 形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式。如：1）the young are usually very active. 2）the wounded are being taken good care of here now. 15、or, eitheror, neithernor, whetheror, not onlybut (also)连接的是主语，谓语动词与主语一致依“就近原则”。如：1）either you or i am going to the movies.2）not only you but also he is wrong.16、不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）water is a kind of matter.2）the news at six oclock is true.17、集合名词如：people, police ,cattle等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：1）the police are searching for him.2）the cattle are grassing 。18、population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数。如：1）the population of china is larger than that of japan.2）one third of the population here are workers.19、the number of + 名词复数，是表示“的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a (large / great) number of + 名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式。1）the number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.2）a number of students have gone for an outing.20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。注意：1. and连接的两个或多个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：his opinion and mine are different. bob and peter are good students. what she says and what she does are totally different.但是如果and连接的是指一个单一概念时，谓语动词用单数。如：bread and milk has been my breakfast for years. her lawyer and old friend is going to marry her.all this effort and sacrifice has come to nothing.由and连接的单数主语有many a，every，each，no修饰时，动词用单数。如：during the holidays, every train and every plane was crowded.no boy and no girl has the right to refuse education. many a man and many a woman was moved by this picture。2. 如果主语是一个抽象概念(如不定式、动名词、主语从句等)谓语动词用单数形式。如果主语是用and连接的两个或多个抽象概念，谓语动词用复数形式。如：swimming jogging and cycling are all good farms of sports exercises.to live to eat is not a very good attitude toward life. to live to eat and to eat to live are very different attitudes toward life.以what，who，why，how, whether等wh一词引起的从句做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；由and连接的两个主句如果指两件事，动词用复数。如：what he is doing is not clear yetwhat he is doing and whether i know him are two different things. what she told me is none of your business. what she told me and what she told you are totally different things.以what从句为主语的“主一系一表”句型中，如果主句的表语是复数，主句谓语动词用复数形式; what从句本身是复数意义，主句谓语动词也可用复数。如：what i need to buy now are four tea cups and a pair of sports shoes.what were thought to be five dogs were actually five sheep. 3. 集体名词family，class，crew(全体船员或机组人员)，crowd, group, committee, audience, government, public, team, staff, population等做主语时，若作为一个整体看待，后面谓语动词用单数；如就其中每一个成员来考虑时，则用复数。如： my family is a big one.(我家人多。)my family are all music lovers. eighty percent of china s population are peasants. china has a huge population.the population of china is the largest in the world. people, police, cattle(牛)，militia(民兵)，poultry(家禽)，vermin(害虫)等作主语时，后面的动词要用复数。如：there were many people waiting outside. the police are searching far the murderer. the cattle are grazing in the fields. foliage(树叶)，machinery(机械)，equipment(设备),furniture(家具)，merchandise(商品)等通常作不可数名词，动词用单数，如: the merchandise has arrived undamaged all the machinery in the factory is made in china. 4.不定代词either，neither，every，each，one，the other, another以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词只用单数，包括“every/each/noand every/each/no”作主语时。如： every/each plane and every/each pilot is ready to take off.no plane and no pilot is ready to take off.here are two books. either of them is worth reading.neither of these two dictionaries contains this word.everyone is here. no one is absent. either day is ok. 两天中哪一天都行。5. what，who，which，any，more，some，half，most，all，none.等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思决定。但指不可数名词时作单数看待。例如： which is your book? which are your books? here s some more (coffee). here re some more (tomatoes). none of the books are/is easy enough for us.由many a或mare than one所修饰的词做主语时，意义上虽然是复数，但谓语动词用单数形式。none在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数. 如：many a person is far his plan. 很多人赞成他的计划。 more than one people is against his plan. 不止一个人反对他的计划。6.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的单位名词，尽管是复数形式，如果作整体看待，动词都用单数形式。如果看作组成该数量的一个一个的个体，则动词用复数。如：twenty miles is a long way to walk. ten years is a long time。 eight minutes is enough. twelve dollars is too dear. there are six silver dollars in each of the stacking. 7. “the+形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。表示抽象概念或指个别事物时谓语动词用单数。如：the old are well taken care of. the beautiful is loved by all.8. 如果主语由“a kind/sort/type of this kind/sort/type of +名词”组成，不管名词是单数还是复数，动词通常用单数。如：this kind of man annoys me. =this kind of men annoys me. this kind of apple is very expensive. = this kind of apples is very expensive.类似的还有:a portion of(一部分)，a series of(一系列)，a pile of(一堆)，a panel of (一组)，如：a series of accidents has happened here. 9. means作“方法、手段”讲时，单复数同形，其前面有each, every, neither, either,等单数概念的定语时，谓语动词用单数；若有all, both，these等复数概念的定语时谓语动词用复数。“none of the means”作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：there is/are no means of learning what is happening. no means is /are left untried. every means is to an end. a bicycle is a means of transport. all possible means have/every possible means has been tried.单项填空：i.从a,b,c,d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. the number of people invited _ forty, but a number of them _ for different reasons.a. were, was b. was, was c. was, were d. were, were2. a library with four thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.a. is offered b. has offered c. are offered d. have offered 3. where and when to build the new factory _ yet.a. is not decided b. are not decided c. has not decided d. have not decided4. i dont think that _ rich _ the happiest in the world.a. the, is b. x, is c. the, are d. x, are5. he feng together with her brother _ to see you this afternoon.a. are to come b. is about c. are going to come d. is coming6. every man and every woman _ asked to be here.a. am b. is c. are d. were7. my family _ wonderful. they are ready to do what they can for me.i dont know any other family -_ would do so much. a. are, who b. were, which c. is, which d. is, that8. all but one _ here just now.a. is b. was c. has been d. were9. -i dont think the movie tickets are expensive, _?-_. i agree with you.a. are they , yes b. are they, no c. do i, yes d. arent they, no10. one and a half apples _ on the table.a. left b. is left c. are left d. is leaving 11. the glass works _ in 2003.a. were set up b. was set up c. were put up d. was to built12. many a student _ that mistake before.a. has made b. have made c. has been made d. had made13. all that can be eaten _ eaten up.a. are being b. has been c. had been d. have been14. the students in our class each _ an english dictionary.a. have b. has c. had d. are having15. more than one answer _ to the question.a. have been given b. has been given c. were given d. had given16. toms teacher and friend _ coming to toms home.a. are b. is c. will d. has been17. what we need _good textbooks.a. is b. are c. have d. has18. very few _ his address in the town.a. knows b. know c. are knowing d. has known19. not only the workers but also the machine _ not there. a. are b. were c. is d. has20. there _ a knife and fork on the plate.a. seems to be b. seem to be c. is seeming to be d. are21. nine and three _ twelve.a. makes b. make c. is making d. are making22. the beautiful _ higher than the good.a. is b. are c. will be d. shall be23. all the cattle _ over there at that time.a. is b. are c. was d. were24. the team _ a bath then. they won the last football match and _ all very excited.a. was taking, were b. were taking, were c. was having, are d. take, are25. parts of the river _ polluted.a. is b. are c. is being d. are being26. bread and butter _ my favourite food.a. is b. are c. were d. was27. what he left _ well kept.a. is b. are c be d. is going to 28. zhao meng as well as her parents _ invited to the concert.a. were b. are c. is d. has29. yao di is one of the best students in her class who _ by the teachers.a. are praised b. is praised c. praised d. praising30. he is the only one of the students who _ elected.a. are b. have c. has d. is 31. no bird and no beast _ in the lonely island.a. are seen b. is seen c. see d. sees32. the news of victories _ spreading far and wide.a. is b. are c. have been d. were33. either my parents or my brother _ to attend the meeting tomorrow.a. is b. are c. are going to d. be34. it is i who _ wrong. a. is b. am c. are d. has been35. the police _ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in the theatre. a. is searching for b. are searching for c. are searching for d. were searching for36. the 2008 olympic games _ to be held in beijing.a. is b. are c. will be d. has37. many people say one million _ a lot of money.a. dollar is b. dollars are c. dollars is d. dollar are38. the rest of the magazines _ within half an hour.a. is sold out b. are sold out c. was sold out d. were sold out39. 70% of the students here _ from the countryside.a. is b. are c. comes d. has come40. “all _ present and all _ going on well.” our monitor said.a. is, is b. are, are c. are, is d. is, are 答案与解析 i. 1-5caacd 6-10badbb 11-15babab 16-20bbbca 21-25aadbb 26-30aacad 31-35baabd 36-40bcdbc1.c “a number of+名词复数”做主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式；“the number of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。2.a 主语是a library, with four thousand books 是介词短语作定语。谓语动词用单数。3.a不定时做主语，谓语动词用单数。4.c the +adj.表示一类人做主语，谓语动词常用复数。5.d当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including等引导的词组时，谓语动词