高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题04 2Unit3Unit5高频词汇分类解读.doc

2015年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题04 2unit3-unit5高频词汇分类解读根据中等生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2-3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。必修2 unit3unit5词汇基础知识狂背：i.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇221total adj. 总的；全部的；整个的n总数；合计v总数为；合计为totally adv. 完全地；整个地in total 总共；总计(totally)a total of 总数；总共(修饰名词复数时，谓语动词用复数)the total of.(谓语动词用单数)total up add up算出总数total (up) toadd up to总额为 即学即练what is the total cost of these books？这些书的全部费用是多少？it cost me a total of of 500 yuan.in total，it cost me 500 yuan.the cost totalled up to 500 yuan.这些书总共花了我500元。2anyhow/anyway adv.(1)“无论如何，不管怎样；总之；尽管如此”。在作此意讲时，anyway和 anyhow一样，都用做让步状语，一般置于句中(其前常有连词 but)或句末。(2)“况且，更何况，再说，至少”。作此意讲时，两者都可用来做状语，对前面的话做补充，给出一个令人信服的理由，此时 anyhow常出现在句首或最后的分句之首，而不出现在句末。(3)“粗心地，随意地”，作此意讲时，只能用 anyhow。 即学即练写出下列句中anyhow的意思。(1)it may rain, but we shall go anyhow.(2)anyhow, you can try, even if theres not much chance of success.(3)the work was done all anyhow.拓展：somehow adv. 由于某种未知的原因；不知怎么的；以某种方式；用某种方法；从某种角度。如：somehow he was afraid of her. 不知怎的，他怕她。3signal vi. & vt.发信号 n信号a danger/warning/distress signal危险/警告/遇难信号traffic signals交通信号灯a stop signal停车信号signal(to) sb. to do sth.示意某人做某事signal to sb.向某人示意signal(sb.) that.示意 即学即练(1)all i get is a busy signal whenever i dial his number.我什么时候拨他的电话听到的都是忙音。(2)he signalled the waiter for the bill.他示意服务员结帐。(3)she signalled him to follow her.她示意他跟她走。4type n类型，种类，样式 v打字a rare blood type罕见的血型different racial types不同的人种type up打印出来即学即练(1)she mixes with all types of people.她和各种类型的人打交道。(2)how fast can you type？你打字有多快？(3)this letter needs to be typed again.这封信需要再打一遍。5arise vi. (arose, arisen)出现；发生；起身，起立(1)“出现，开始，呈现”，多用抽象名词做主语。(2)表示“起因于，由产生”，通常用做arise from/put of。(3)表“起身”之意，为正式或旧式用法。 即学即练(1)i thought it would be easy, but a lot of problems have arisen.我本来想事情会很容易，但是出现了许多问题。(2)accidents arise from carelessness.事故由粗心大意引起。(3)a heavy mist arose from the lake.湖面起了浓雾。(4)he arose from his seat.他从座位上站起来。6respond vi.回答，答复；响应，作出反应response n. 回答，回复；反应respond to sb./sth.回答(比 answer, reply to正式)respond to sb./sth. (with/ by sth.) 用回应某人(事)respond to (疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应response to sb./sth. (对人/物)的回答/回复/反应in response to 作为对的反应 即学即练(1)they still havent responded to my letter.他们至今仍没有回我的信。(2)he responded to my suggestion with a laugh/by laughing. 他对我的建议报以一笑。(3)his illness didnt respond to treatment by drugs.他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。(4)my mother opened the door in response to the knock, but there was no one outside.听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。7certain adj. 确定的；无疑的；某(种)(1)作“某(种)”讲时，同义于 some。但 some 前不加冠词。for a certain reasonfor some reason 由于某种原因certain professorssome professors 某些教授a certain amount of time 相当一段时间(2)作“确信的，有把握的”讲时，同义于 sure。但是 certain 的主语既可以是人，也可用于it is certain that.句型，而 sure 主语只能是人。 “be certain/sure从句”(人)有把握/确信(表示主语的信念)be certain/sure of/about sth. (人)确信(表示主语的信念)be certain/sure to do sth. 必定/肯定会做某事(主语常为二、三人称，表示说话人的信念)“make certain/sure从句”弄清楚/确保make certain/sure of/about sth. 把某件事情弄清楚for certain/sure 确定地，确切地(做状语)it is certain that. 一定会(不能用 sure) 即学即练(1)there was a certain coldness in his manner.他的态度有点冷淡。(2)are you certain about/of it？你对此有把握吗？(3)he is certain to do his duty.他肯定会尽职。(4) im certain that he has wronged me.我确信他冤枉了我。(5) its certain that their team will win the match.他们队肯定会赢得比赛。8contain vt. 包含；容纳(hold)；抑制(control)即学即练(1)his paper contained no mistakes at all.他的试卷没有一点错误。(2)orange juice contains things which help keep you healthy.橘汁里含有有益于健康的东西。(3)this bottle contains two glasses of beer.这个瓶子可容纳两杯啤酒。(4)he couldnt contain himself for joy.他不胜欢喜。9affect vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭be greatly/deeply affected很/深受感动be affected by heat/cold中暑/着凉be affected with high fever发高烧即学即练(1)the amount of rain affects the growth of crops.降雨量直接影响庄稼生长。(2)one of her lungs is affected a little so that she has to rest.她的一叶肺有些感染，所以她不得不休息。(3)the audience were deeply affected by his speech.听众被他的演讲深深打动了。10appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；喜欢appreciation n. 欣赏；感激appreciate sth. (thank sb.) 感激某事或某人appreciatedoing sth.感激做某事one/ones doing sth.感激某人做某事i would appreciate it if. 如果，我将不胜感激。 即学即练(1)he highly appreciated his help.他非常感谢他的帮助。(2)we shall appreciate hearing from you again.我们将很高兴再次收到您的来信。(3)i really appreciate your coming to the party.你能来参加这次聚会我太高兴了。(4)i would appreciate it if you could help me.如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。11succeed v成功success n. u成功；成就 c成功的人或事successful adj. 成功的successfully adv. 成功地succeed in doing sth.have success in doing sth.be successful in doing sth.成功做某事achieve great success 取得巨大的成功sb./sth. is a success 成功的人或事 即学即练(1)we all succeeded in passing the midterm examination.我们都成功地通过了期中考试。(2)failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。(3)he was a success as a novelist.他是非常成功的小说家。12harm vt. & n损害；危害harmful adj.有害的be harmful todo harm todo sb. harmdo harm to sb.对有害there is no harm in doing sth.it does no harm (for sb.)to do sth.做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)。 即学即练(1)the dog seems fierce, but it wont harm anyone.这条狗看上去很凶，但它不会伤害任何人。(2)fruit juice can be harmful to childrens teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。(3)he may say no, but there is no harm in asking.他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。13pretend vt. 假装；假扮pretend sth. 伪称某事物(尤用做借口)pretend to do.假装做pretend to ben. (adj.) 假装是pretend to be doing.假装正在做pretend to have done. 假装已做pretend thatclause 假装 即学即练(1)he pretended a headache yesterday.昨天他假装头疼。(2)we mustnt pretend to know what we dont know.我们不应不懂装懂。(3)he pretended to be dead when he met a bear.当他遇到熊时就装死。14attach vt. 系；贴；附加；认为有(重要性等)attached adj. 依恋的，留恋的attachment n. c附件c，u依恋；眷恋；深爱attach sth. to sth. 把某物系到某物上attach yourself to sb./sth. 参加，和在一起attach to sb./sth.与有联系，与有关联be attached to sb./sth. 依恋，留恋 即学即练(1)she attached a cheque to the order form.她在订货单上附了一张支票。(2)dont worrythere are no strings attached.不用担心没有附加的条件。(3)she attaches great importance to the regular exercise.她对常规训练极为重视。(4)no blame attaches to him for the accident.这次事故的责任与他无关。(5)i am deeply attached to this novel.我非常喜欢这部小说。15form vt. & vi. 形成；组织；养成；培养n. 形式；表格；形状，外形；状况；精神form(set up) a club 成立俱乐部form a good habit 养成好习惯form the habit offall/get into the habit of养成的习惯form an organization 成立一个组织fill in the form 填表格in the form of 以的形式in/out of form 状况良好/不佳 即学即练(1)the footballers been out of form.这个足球运动员的状态不好。(2)he is filling in the application form.他正在填申请表。(3)his research formed the basis of the new book.他的研究成果是这本新书的基础。(4)the teacher formed the students into a line.老师让学生排成一行。16earn vt. 赚得；挣得；获得earn ones livingmake a living 谋生earn ones own living 自食其力earn moneymake money 挣钱 即学即练(1)his courage earned him the admiration of his classmates.他的勇敢博得了同学们的赞扬。(2)do you know how much he earns a month?你知道他一个月赚多少钱吗？(3)he earns his living by teaching at a language school.他在语言学校教书以维持生计。17perform vt.&vi 表演；履行；执行performance n. 履行，执行；表演performer n. 执行者；表演者perform ones promise 守信；履行诺言perform duty 尽职perform a part in. 在中扮演角色perform an experiment 做实验give/put on a performance 演出 即学即练(1)the students will perform an opera next friday.这些学生下星期五将演出一场歌剧。(2)the police perform a vital role in our society.警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用。(3)you shall perform the experiment the way they do.你们要按照他们的方法去做实验。(4)our team performed well in the match.我们队在比赛中表现很出色。6familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；通晓的；亲密的(1)be familiar with 对熟悉。其主语通常是指“人”的名词；with后的宾语是主语所通晓的事物。(2)be familiar to 为所熟悉。其主语通常是人们所通晓的人或事物， to后的宾语常是指“人”的名词。(3)sb. be familiar with sb. 某人与某人亲密无间 即学即练6(1)yao ming is a familiar star to us.姚明是我们大家所熟悉的明星。(2)are you familiar with the computer software they use?你熟悉他们使用的计算机软件吗？(3)this nursery rhyme is very familiar to me.我对这首童谣很熟悉。（2）短语1as a result 结果；因此as a result of 由于；作为的结果result in (cause)导致；致使result from (be caused by) 起因于；因而引起2in a way在某种程度上all the way一路上；一直；完全by way of经由；途经by the way顺便说in the way妨碍，挡路in this way以这种方法in no way决不，无论如何都不on the way在途中on ones way to.在某人去的途中；即将成为give way (to)让步，屈服3deal with处理；安排；对付即学即练8写出下列deal with的意思。(1)there are too many difficulties for us to deal with.(2)he has learnt to deal properly with all kinds of complicated situations.(3)deal with a man as he deals with you.(4)this is a book dealing with asian problems.(5)they have learned to deal with various persons.比较：deal with, do with(1)deal with意思是“处理，谈论，对付”以及“与做买卖”，表示处理时，常与连接副词how连用。i dont know how to deal with him.我不知道如何对付他。(2)do with意思是“对待，处理，利用，与有关”，表示“对待”时宾语是人，相当于treat；表示“处理，利用”时，常与连接代词what连用。i dont know how they deal with the problem.i dont know what they do with the problem.我不知道他们如何处理这个问题。4watch over 看守；监视watch for sth. 盼望或等待某事物watch out 小心；留神；注意(用于提醒、警示)watch out for sb./sth. 警惕或注意某人/物keep (a) watch on 监视on the watch for 看守着，监视着5die out 灭亡，逐渐消失die out 绝种，灭绝；熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失die off(家族、种族等)相继死亡；(草木)先后枯死die away(声音、光线、风等)渐弱，渐息，平息die down(火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等)渐弱，渐息；(声音)静下来die of 指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等die from 指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、劳累过度等而死6in danger (of.)处于危险之中out of danger 脱离危险拓展：与 in/out of 搭配的短语in order 有秩序in sight 看得见in trouble 在困境中in line 成行(队)in place 适合/当in fashion 时尚out of order出故障(机器等工作不正常)out of sight 看不见out of trouble 摆脱困境out of line 不成一直线out of place 不合适out of fashion 过时7protect.from/against. 保护免受(的伤害)defend.from/against.保卫以抵制keep sb. from doingstop sb. (from) doingprevent sb. (from) doing阻止某人做提示：(1)protect against 和 protect from 意思相似，有时可互换。但是，对于较大的事情，如：敌人的入侵、天灾等，常用 protect against, 对于较小的事情常用 protect from。(2)在 protect.from/against. 结构中，from和 against 后面常跟 sth.，有时 against 后跟 being done 来强调动作的被动性。(3)主动句中 prevent/stop.from.中的 from 可省略，在被动句中 from不可省略，而 keep.from.中的 from无论是在主动句还是被动句中都不能省略。8pay attention to 注意attention, please! 请注意！ (演讲用语)(may i have your attention, please？)attract/catch/draw/get ones attention to 吸引某人的注意fix/focus/concentrate ones attention on 将注意力集中于devote ones attention to 专心致志于call ones attention to 唤起某人对的注意提示：以上短语中的 to、on都是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。9come into being 出现；形成；产生o being 使形成；使产生for the time being 暂时；眼下提示：come into being是不及物动词短语，无被动形式，无进行时。类似短语有：come into power 当权come into effect 生效come into action 开始行动come into office 就职come into sight 看得见come into use 开始使用 10to be honest 说实在的；实话说honestly speaking 老实说to tell the truth 说实话，老实说to be honest with you 跟你说实话be honest with sb. about sth. 关于某事对坦诚be honest in doing sth. 在做某事方面坦诚it is honest of sb. to do sth. 在干方面诚实。11play jokes/a joke on 戏弄；和开玩笑have a joke with sb. 和某人开玩笑make a joke/jokes about sb./sth. 关于某人/某事说笑话play tricks on sb.make fun of sb. 和开玩笑；捉弄某人make a fool of 愚弄laugh at 嘲笑12rely on 依靠，信赖；指望(1)依靠，依赖。同live on 或 depend on “依赖”。rely on ones own efforts 依靠自己的努力(2)信任，依赖。同 believe in, depend on。rely on/upon sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事rely on/upon sb. doing sth. 相信某人会做某事rely on/upon it that. 相信(事情)，指望13break up 分解；驱散，拆散；打碎；结束；散会；(关系)破裂；停课，放假即学即练10写出下列break up的意思。(1)the ice will break up when the warm weather comes.(2)the police came and broke up the crowd.(3)the meeting broke up at eleven oclock. (4)some sentences can break up into clauses. (5)their marriage is breaking up.拓展：(1)break away from 脱离(2)break down 分解，出毛病，(计划、谈判)失败；(谈话、通讯)中断(3)break into 闯入(4)break in 强行进入，插话(5)break off 打断，折断(6)break out 爆发，发生(不用于被动语态)(7)break through 突破14above all 首先；最重要的是；特别是；尤其above allmost important of all(强调地位上的重要性)first of all “首先，第一”，强调顺序at all 根本，全然in all 总共，共计after all 终究，毕竟all in all 总之（3）易混易错点拨1. symbol/sign/signal/mark均含“标志，象征，符号”之意。(1)symbol指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。(2)sign普通用词，指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。(3)signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。(4)mark普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。 应用(1)red cross is a _ for hospital.(2)a red light is usually a _ of danger.(3)make a _ where you dont understand.(4)are dark clouds a _ of rain?(5)a dove(鸽子) is a _ for peace.sign/signal/mark/sign/symble2. arise/arouse/rise/raise(1)arise 是不及物动词，在现代英语中主要用于借喻，指“出现，发生，产生”。(2)arouse 是及物动词，指“唤醒，激起”，后常跟抽象名词。(3)rise是不及物动词，使用范围较广，指“升起，上升，增长”，也可指“起立，起床，地位升高”等。(4)raise 是及物动词，用在句中，后面需跟宾语。一般指“升起，举起，增加(程度、价格等)；提高(音量)；提出；种植(农作物)；养育；抚育(子女)”。 应用(1)the river is _ after the rain.(2)he _ his hand in the hope of being asked.(3)his strange behaviour _ our suspicions.(4)new problems _ every day.rising/raised/aroused/arise3. contain/include(1)contain 意为“包含，含有，容纳，里面装有”，指的是包含的全部内容或容量，也可指里面所含的成分。其宾语与主语常是同位关系，不用于进行时态。(2)include 意为“包含；连在内，计入，算入，包括”，只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分，其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。常用 “including被包括部分”或“被包括部分included”。如：many people like tennis, including me/me included. 许多人喜欢网球，也包括我/我也在内。 应用用 contain和 include的适当形式填空。(1)the chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. it _ a lot of fruit and green vegetables.(2)everyone took part in the fight against the flood, _ old people.(3)the _ can _ 100 litres of water.includes/including/container/contain 4. affect/effect/influence(1)affect 常做及物动词，“影响，感动，感染”。(2)effect 常做名词，“结果，效果，作用，影响”，常用于词组：have an effect on/upon sb. 对有影响，take effect 生效，实行，come/go into effect 开始生效，开始实施。(3)influence 可做动词也可做名词，表示“影响、感染”的意思时，是指使思想、行为、性质或发展和成长等发生变化的影响。它可以指坏的影响，也可以指好的影响，这种影响常常是潜移默化的。 应用(1)probably we _ each other.(2)to _ a policy is to have an _ on it.influenced/affect/effect5. earn/gain/win(1)如果为了钱(或任何其他报酬)而工作，这就是earn，而且含有这些报酬是应得的意思。(2)win指在竞赛、战争、比赛中获胜，并可能由此得到奖赏。(3)gain指获得有用或需要的东西，而且与win和earn不同，它用在与钱没有关系的场合。 应用(1)she _ experience while working for the newspaper.(2)she _ 1 000 a month.(3)who is going to _ the election?gained/earns/win6. above all/first of all/first(ly)/at first(1)above all是从重要性上讲的，指重要性在若干事物中位列第一。(2)first of all虽也强调重要性，但更多的还是侧重于顺序或次序，译做“首先，第一”。(3)first(ly)用于列举若干事物时引出第一项，指次序，但语气不及first of all强。(4)at first指时间，译作“开始，起初”，相当于in the beginning。 应用(1)_， i didnt like him, but afterwards i came to appreciate him.(2)_， make sure you keep in touch.(3)_， lets welcome our honoured guest, mr smith.(4)i cant go. _ i have no time; _i have no money.at first/above all/first of all/firstly secondlyii.常考的阅读理解词汇及短语：（它们在阅读中出现的几率极高，阅读40分志在必得，现在开始狂背哟。）unit 3abacus n. 算盘calculator n. 计算器analytical adj. 分析的calculate vt. 计算universal adj. 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的simplify vt. 简化sum n. 总数；算术题；金额operator n. （电脑）操作员；接线员logical adj. 合逻辑的；合情理的 logically adv. 逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地technology n. 工艺；科技；技术 technological adj. 科技的revolution n. 革命artificial adj. 人造的；假的intelligence n. 智力；聪明；智能 intelligent adj. 智能的；聪明的solve vt. 解决；解答mathematical adj. 数学的fromon 从时起reality n. 真实；事实；现实designer n. 设计师personal adj. 私人的；个人的；亲自的 personally adv. 就个人而言；亲自tube n. 管；管子；电子管transistor n. 晶体管chip n. 碎片；芯片as a result 结果total adj. 总的；整个的n. 总数；合计 totally adv. 完全地；整个地sothat 如此以致于network n. 网络；网状物web n. 网application n. 应用；用途；申请finance n. 金融；财经mobile adj. 可移动的；机动的rocket n. 火箭explore vt. & vi. 探索；探测；探究mars n. 火星anyhow adv. （也作anyway）无论如何；即使如此goal n. 目标；目的；球门；（进球）得分happiness n. 幸福；快乐human race 人类supporting adj. 支持的；支撑的download vt. 下载programmer n. 程序员；程序师virus n. 病毒signal vi. & vt. 发信号 n. 信号teammate n. 同伴；伙伴type n. 类型vt. & vi. 打字in a way 在某种程度上coach n. 教练arise vi. (arose, arisen)出现；发生with the help of 在的帮助下electronic adj. 电子的appearance n. 外观；外貌；出现character n. 性格；特点mop n. 拖把vt. 用拖把拖；擦deal with 处理；安排；对付watch over 看守；监视naughty adj. 顽皮的；淘气的niece n. 侄女；甥女spoil vt. 损坏；宠坏unit 4wildlife n. 野生动植物protection n. 保护wild adj. 野生的；野的； 未开发的；荒凉的habitat n. 栖息地 （动植物的）自然环境；threaten vt. & vi. 恐吓；威胁decrease vi. & vt 减少； （使）变小；或变少endanger vt. 危害；使受到危险die out 灭亡；逐渐消失loss n. 损失；遗失；丧失reserve n. 保护区hunt vt. & vi. 打猎；猎取；搜寻zone n. 地域；地带；地区in peace 和平地；和睦地；安祥地in danger (of) 在危险中；垂危daisy n. 戴茜（女名）species n. 种类；物种carpet n. 地毯respond vi. 回答；响应；做出反应distant adj. 远的；远处的fur n. 毛皮；毛；软毛antelope n. 羚羊zimbabwe n. 津巴布韦 （非洲东南部国家）relief n. （痛苦或忧虑的）减轻或解除； 减轻痛苦的事物 in relief 如释重负；松了口气laughter n. 笑；笑声 burst into laughter 突然笑起来； 大声笑了出来mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯certain adj. 确定的；某一；一定importance n. 重要（性）wwf(word wildlife fund)世界野生生物基金会rub vt. 擦；摩擦protectfrom 保护不受（危害）mosquito n. 蚊子millipede n.(=millepede) 千足虫insect n. 昆虫contain vt. 包含；容纳；容忍powerful adj. 强大的；有力的affect vt. 影响；感动；侵袭attention n. 注意；关注；注意力 pay attention to 注意appreciate vt. 鉴赏；感激；意识到succeed vi. 成功 vt. 接替；继任indonesia n. 印度尼西亚（东南亚岛国）rhino n. 犀牛secure adj. 安全的；可靠的income n. 收入employ vt. 雇用；利用（时间、精力等）harm n. & vt. 损害；危害bite vt. & vi. (bit, bitten)咬；叮；刺痛extinction n. 灭绝；消亡dinosaur n. 恐龙come into being 形成；产生county n. 县；郡inspect vt. 检查；视察unexpected adj. 没料到的；意外的incident n. 事件；事变dust n. 灰尘；尘土；尘埃according to 按照；根据所说disappearance n. 消失fierce adj. 凶猛的；猛烈的so that 以致于；结果ending n. 结局；结尾faithfully adv. 忠诚地；忠实地unit 5classical adj. 古典的；古典文艺的roll vt. & vi. 滚动；（使）摇摆 n. 摇晃；卷；卷形物；面包圈rocknroll (rock-and-roll) 摇滚乐orchestra n. 管弦乐队rap n. 说唱乐folk adj. 民间的jazz n. 爵士音乐musician n. 音乐家dream of 梦见；梦想；设想pretend