高考英语艺考生课程 词汇 第二十五讲 Great Scientists教学案.doc

艺考生课程词汇 第二十五讲 great scientists适用学科英语适用年级高三适用区域全国课时时长（分钟）60知识点名词辨析；动词辨析；形容词辨析；副词辨析；动词短语辨析；完成句子；句子翻译教学目标知识：1快速复习掌握本单元词汇。2快速扩词汇量。方法：1老师和学生一起翻译短文并从中找出自己不认识的词汇。 2学生将不认识的词汇整理到笔记本上，并默写出所整理的词汇的汉语意思。 能力：1能根据老师所翻译的文章快速记住生词的汉语意思。 2 能通过不断上涨的词汇量快速提高阅读能力。教学重点课文中的重点单词、短语及相关句型的掌握和运用。教学难点重点单词、短语的灵活运用。教学过程一、课堂导入the main idea of this passage is that john snow found out the cause of the disease called cholera which was a deadly disease in london in the 19th century. with snow s great efforts, the disease was finally under control. 这篇短文的主要意思是说斯诺找到了一种叫做霍乱疾病的起因，这是19世纪发生在伦敦的一种致命的疾病。在斯诺的努力，该疾病终于得到控制。二、复习预习1）the important words1cartoon 2whichever3attract - attraction 4tour - tourist - tourism 5unique - only6length - long7deed - do 8settler - settle down9translate - translator10minor - major11create - creature【答案】1卡通 2无论哪一个 3吸引 - 吸引力 4旅游 - 游客 - 旅游业 5唯一的 - 唯一的 6长度 - 长 7行为 - 做 8移居者 - 安家定居 9翻译 - 翻译人员 10次要的 - 主要的 11中国制造，生物 2）the important phrases1theme park2central park3various kinds of4roller coaster5fairy tale 6the fantasy amusement park7no wonder 8the steam-engine train9the bald eagle preserve10in deed - do with - deal with11be modelled after12fight with sword 13another such injury will put an end on his athletic career.14the interests of the minority should be protected.15in advance 16the most advanced technology17come to life18a shuttle service19brand new experiences20he brought back a cowboy hat as a souvenir of america.【答案】1主题公园 2中央公园 3多种多样的 4过山车 5童话故事 6奇妙的游乐场 7难怪 8蒸汽火车9秃鹰保护区 10确实 - 处理 - 处理 11模仿 12用剑战斗 13再一次这样的伤害将会终止他的运动生涯。 14少数人的利益应该被保护。 15提前 16最高级的科技 17栩栩如生 18班车服务 19崭新的经历 20他带回来一个牛仔帽作为美国的纪念品。 三、知识讲解 （一）翻译下面由本单元词汇所编成的故事 a strange diseasewhen the construction of the firework factory came to the stage of painting, a pump was put in. then, all the painters in the neighbourhood were defeated by a severe disease whose characteristic was alike to that of a bad burn.an expert physician was instructed to attend to the victims and handle this case. he was enthusiastic, but he didnt foresee that it was a hard challenge. after simple enquiry, he announced that the polluted paint was to blame. but without positive evidence, people suspected and rejected his view, saying the theory he put forward made no sense. being much more strict with himself, he contributed himself to the case. apart from making enquiries, he made detailed charts and analysed the data cautiously. finally, he drew a scientific conclusion, linking the disease to the radium in the pump. exposed to radium, a kind of radioactive material in the universe, people absorbed radiation and got sick immediately.spinning the pump backward, he took away the radium. this simple movement cured all the victims.奇怪的疾病当那座烟花工厂的建设到了油漆阶段时，一个水泵被安装进来，接着，在它附近的油漆工都得了一种严重的疾病（疾病击败油漆工），其特征与烧伤相似。一位经验丰富的内科医生被指定去照顾受害者并负责处理这一案例。他热情地投入到工作中，但是却没有预见到这是一次艰难的挑战。在简单的询问后，他就宣布说罪魁祸首是受污染的油漆（油漆应受责备）。但是没有确实的证据，人们很怀疑并拒绝他的观点，大家都说他提出的理论毫无道理。他对自己要求更加严格，全身心地投入。除了询问，他还制作了详细的图表，谨慎地分析各项数据，最后，他终于得出了一个科学的结论，把疾病和水泵中的镭联系起来。镭是宇宙中的一种放射性物质，当暴露在镭的辐射中时，人体吸收其射线，立刻染上疾病。他把水泵向后旋转，拿走了里面的镭，这个简单的动作治愈了所有的受害者。（二）重点知识总结与解析1）the important words in this passage:1 construction2 firework3 pump 4 painters5 neighbourhood6 defeat7 severe8 characteristic9 alike 10 expert13 physician14 instruct15 attend16 victim17 handle18 enthusiastic19 foresee20 challenge21 enquiry22 announce25 pollute26 blame27 positive28 suspect29 reject30 contribute31chart32 analyse33 cautiously34 radium11 universe12 absorb23 spin24 backward35 movement36 cure【答案】1 construction建筑2 firework烟火3 pump 泵4 painters画家5 neighbourhood邻居6 defeat打败7 severe严重的8 characteristic性格9 alike 相似的10 expert专家11 universe宇宙12 absorb吸收13 physician生理学家14 instruct指令15 attend参加16 victim受害者17 handle处理18 enthusiastic热情的19 foresee预见20 challenge挑战21 enquiry询问22 announce通知25 pollute污染26 blame责备27 positive积极的28 suspect怀疑29 reject拒绝30 contribute贡献31chart图表32 analyse分析33 cautiously好奇地34 radium镭23 spin旋转24 backward向后地35 movement运动36 cure治愈2）the important phrases in this passage:1put forward2made no sense 3strict with 4apart from 5draw a scientific conclusion6link to 7expose to 【答案】1put forward提出2made no sense无意义3strict with对.严格4apart from除了5draw a scientific conclusion得出科学的结论6link to连接7expose to暴露（三）知识点讲解重点词汇知识点1 词汇部分词语辨析1. character / characteristic 2. examine / check / test 3. cure / treat 4. blame / scold 5. reject / refuse词形变化1. scientific adj.科学的science n.科学scientist n.科学家2. valuable adj.有价值的value n. 价值value v. 估价, 评价3. instruct v. 教导，命令instruction n. 指示，用法说明instructive adj.有益的，教育性的4. enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的enthusiasm n.狂热，热心enthusiast n.热心家，狂热者重点单词1. conclude v. 断定， 得出结论; 结束（正式）；2. attend v. vt. 出席, 参加, 照顾, 护理, 注意 vi.专心, 留意3. expose vt. 使暴露, 受到, 使曝光 v揭露4. absorb vt. 吸收;使(精神)贯注;吞并5. blame n过失, 责备 vt.责备, 谴责6. instruct vt .教, 教导, 命令, 指示, 通知7. contribute vi& vt捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿重点词组put forward 提出；提议以供考虑 in addition/ apart from 除之外；另外make sense 有意义重点句子1. so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.2. only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.3. he placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it .知识点2 1). character/characteristic n. 【解释】character 性格，品质 （本身具有的）；角色，人物；字体，字符characteristic 特点，特征（区别于其他事物）2). examine/ check /test 检查【解释】examine仔细察看或观察（以了解情况或是否有问题或毛病）check检查 （含有“校对”或“找错”的意思）test 检查，检测（以某种手段来试一试某人或某物是否达到了一定的标准）3) cure/ treat 治疗【解释】cure 表示治愈的结果，treat 表示治疗的过程4) blame/scold 责备【解释】blame 责备；谴责； 归咎于强调对某种可以解释的失误或不良行为的谴责或惩罚：scold 斥责”、“责骂”指大声呵斥，责备，唠唠叨叨地说，常用于长辈对晚辈5) reject /refuse 拒绝【解释】reject 后接名词，（含对被抛弃的东西不屑一顾）refuse 后接名词，动名词 ，可表“谢绝”知识点3 science n，科学 scientific adj.科学的 scientist n.科学家 announce v宣布 announcement n.宣布 announcer n，广播员，告知者 instruct v.指导，命令 instruction n.指导，指示 instructive adj.有益的，教育性的enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的enthusiasm n.狂热，热心enthusiast n.热心家，狂热者valuable adj.有价值的value n. 价值value v. 估价, 评价重点词组知识点11put forward 提出(建议等)；推荐某人或自己任职位；提名典例 1）he put forward a new plan yesterday他昨天提出一个新计划。2）may i put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee? 我能否提名你当委员会主席?短语归纳 put on穿上；增加 put on performances演出 put an end to结束；终止 put off推迟；延期； put ones heart into全神贯注于 put down写下 put out生产；扑灭 put back放回；送回 put up举起；张贴练习用put构成的短语填空:1)you can take anything from the shelf，but please _ the books when youve finished with them2)he often _ some useful advice.keys: 1) put back 2) puts forward2apart from 除之外;另外典例1）apart from a few faults，he is a perfect teacher除了几个缺点之外，他是一个很好的老师。2）apart from the cost，the dress doesnt suit me姑且不论价格，这件礼服也不适合我穿。短语归纳 in addition to除之外(还有,包括在内) besides 除之外(还有,包括在内) except (for)除之外除之外(还有,不包括在内) except that 除了除之外(还有,不包括在内)练习选择以上短语填空。as a senior student, we study other subjects _ english.your article is well written _ some spelling mistakes.keys: 1) besides/ in addition to/apart from 2) except for3、make sense讲得通；有意义 典例 what he says makes sense他说的有道理。can you make sense of this poem? 你能明白这首诗的含义吗?what you say is true in a sense你所说的在某种意义上是真实的。短语归纳make no sense讲不通；无意义 make sense of 了解,明白in a sense就某种意义而言；在某种意义上重点句型知识点11. so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次瘟疫爆发，数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去解释 every time可作连词使用，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”immediately，the moment，directly，instantly等都可以作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”典例1）every time i meet him，i always think of the things happened between us每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。2）immediately he saw the message, he knew he misunderstood his best friend.一见到纸条，他就知道他误会了他最好的朋友。练习 汉译英）每次我去找他，他都在专心看书_）我一见到她就把这本书给了她。_）我一见到他就把这封信给他。_）我一接到你的信就来了。 _keys: 1) every time i went to see him, he was absorbed in reading. 2) i gave the book to her the moment i saw her 3) i will give the letter to him immediately i see him4) i came directly i got the letter 2. only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚解释only 引导的状语放在句首，句子需用半倒装练习汉译英) 只有用这种方法，你才能轻松地解决这个问题_) 就在你失去它的时候，你才会懂得时间的宝贵_keys: 1) only in this way, can you deal with the problem easily. 2) only when you lost it, will you understand how valuable the time is.3. he placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it .他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转解释with + 宾语+ v. ing / v. ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等典例1）with the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest. 在老者的带路下，我们向森林进发。2）she ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face. 她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。练习 汉译英随着考试的结束，我们的假期开始了_keys: with the test finished, we began our holiday.四、例题精析【例题1】选择character 或characteristic 并用其适当的形式填空1） he proved himself true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was seen at its best when he worked with others.2） people living in the city are different from those in the countryside in _ .3） what are the _that distinguish the chinese from the japanese?4） chinese _ attract a great number of foreigners all over the world.5） the main purpose of a play is to let the _ speak for themselves as much as possible.【答案】1) character 2) character 3) characteristics 4) character 5) character【解析】character 性格，品质 （本身具有的）；角色，人物；字体，字符characteristic 特点，特征（区别于其他事物）1) character 性格，品质2) character 品质 （本身具有的）3) characteristics 特征（区别于其他事物）4) character 品质 （本身具有的）5) character 角色，人物；【例题2】根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) the _ took a very _ approach to _.(science)2) the _ make a(n) _ that all the details should _ through the broadcast.(announce)3) it is _ and easy for the children to read some masterpieces with the _ at the bottom of each page.(instruct)4) “you dont seem very _ about the idea.” “i dont mind,” she said, without much _.(enthusiasm)5) there is no any criterion to _ whether it is _ information. (value)【答案】1) scientist; scientific; science 2) announcer; announcement; be announced 3) instructive;instructions 4) enthusiastic; enthusiasm 5) value;valuable 【解析】1) scientist科学家; scientific approach 科学方法; science 科学2) announcer广播员; announcement通知; be announced 被通知3) instructive具有指导性的; instructions 指导4) enthusiastic热情的; enthusiasm 热情5) value评估价值;valuable 有价值的五、课堂运用【基础】选择 check , examine 或 test，并用其适当的形式填空1. i was being _ for a driving license for the third time.【答案】tested【解析】tested 被测验2. the doctor _ him carefully.【答案】 examined 【解析】 examined 检查身体3. the interviewer always _ her facts before sending them to the editor.【答案】 checks 【解析】 checks 检查选择cure 或treat 并用其适当的形式填空4. after being _ for such a long time, the wound _ at last.【答案】treated; cured【解析】treat被对待; cure治愈选择blame或scold并用其适当的形式填空5. dont _ it on him, but on me.【答案】blame【解析】blame sth on sb 6. the parents _ the naughty boy and asked him to leave the home at once.【答案】scolded【解析】scolded责备【巩固】选择refuse 或reject 并用其适当的形式填空1. the christian church _ his theory, saying it was against gods idea.【答案】rejected 【解析】reject书面语，较正式2. i cant stand working with jane in the same office. she just _to stop talking while she works.【答案】refuses【解析】refuse拒绝用expose的恰当形式填空。3. the soil was washed away by the flood，_bare rock 【答案】exposing 【解析】exposing非谓语动词doing表伴随 4. the baby was left _the wind and rain 【答案】exposed to【解析】exposed to 暴露于5. this medicine is not_daylight.【答案】tobeexposedto【解析】expose to 暴露于6. the _of the plot against the president probably saved his life【答案】exposure【解析】exposure 名词做主语用contribute的恰当形式或短语填空。 7. everyone is encouraged to _ the discussion.【答案】contribute to 【解析】contribute to 贡献8. her work has _ our understanding of this difficult subject.【答案】contributed to 【解析】contributed to 现在完成时9. she has _ poems to literary magazines【答案】contributed 【解析】contribute + 名词，及物动词10. each will_ 20 yuan.【答案】contribute【解析】contribute 每人摊20块钱。【拔高】一）英译汉1. john snow was a famous doctor in london - so expert, indeed, that he attended queen victoria as her personal physician.【答案】约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。2. neither its cause nor its cure was understood.【答案】人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。3. the first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.【答案】一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖着，像一股危险的气体到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者为止。4. the second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.【答案】第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。5. in two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. he was determined to find out why.【答案】他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行的很严重，在10天之内就死去了500多人。他决心要查明其原因。二）汉译英课文原句仿写【原句】john snow was a well-known doctor in landon( and he was) so famous, indeed (插入语), that he attended queen victoria to ease the birth of her babies. 1. 张老师是个热心的老师，他那么善良我想当他的学生生病时他一定乐意帮助他们的。_【答案】mr. zhang is a warm-hearted teacher in our schoolso kind, i think/ i believe/ i suppose/ i dare say (插入语), that he is sure to help his students when they are ill.2. 李平是我们班一位用功的学生。他那么勤奋我想晚上不到11点他不会上床睡觉的。_【答案】 li ping is a hard-working boy in my classso diligent, i suppose, that he never goes to bed until 11 at night. 【解析】模仿要点两个简单句合并成一句，很好地运用了插入语和符号来压缩句子。课文原句仿写【原句】although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.3. 虽然她不相信别人说的话，可她所收集的证据得出这样的结论：她的男朋友骗了她。_【答案】though she didnt believe what other people said, the evidences that she collected led to the conclusion: that her boy friend cheated her. 4. 尽管他很聪明，但他不勤奋。他这学期所经历的失败得出这样的结论：不劳不获_【答案】 though he was very clever，he didnt work hard and all his failure ( that she experienced) this term led to the conclusion: that no pains no gains.【解析】模仿要点 冒号加that从句课文原句仿写【原句】he placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.5. 当你步入校园，在你面前是一个种着各种花草的大花坛。在花坛的两边是两个高大的楼房：左边是教学楼，右边是图书馆。_【答案】when you enter the school, you can see in front of you a big flower bed with various kinds of flowers and grass growing in it and with two large buildings standing on both sides the library on your right and the teaching building on your left. 【解析】 模仿要点 句子结构：with 的复合结构作定语修饰前面的名词。课程小结本节课主要围绕必修五一单元词汇进行多方位记忆，将精心挑选出的词汇、短语进行汇编串联，构成趣味文章。需要重点掌握的是除了本单元的词汇外，还有文章中出现的其他词汇的汉语意思。尽可能多的扩大词汇量，尽可能快的记住每个生词的意思，近年高考对词汇的考查越来越重视，因此，同学在通过词汇量的增大，快速提高了阅读能力，使整个高考题的卷面分数全面提高。课后作业【基础】 根据文章内容，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项。1. when was the pump put in? a. 2014 b. when all the painters in the neighbourhood were defeated by a severe disease. c. when the construction of the firework factory came to the stage of painting. d. 2015【答案】c【解析】根据文章第一段当那座烟花工厂的建设到了油漆阶段时，一个水泵被安装进来，所以本题选择c2. what did the disease look like? a.a cold b. a flu c.a bad burn d. a fever【答案】c【解析】根据a severe disease whose characteristic was alike to that of a bad burn，所以本题选择c3. which is t