北京市大兴区高考英语 阅读理解专题训练（6）.doc

北京市大兴区2016高考英语 阅读理解专题训练（6）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。below is a page adapted from an english dictionary. important words to learn:eessential i improver a advancedpump/pmp/ nouncdevice 1a piece of equipment which is used to cause liquid, air or gas to move from one place to another:a water/bicycle/fuel pump a uk petrol/us gas pump shoe2usually pluralus(uk court shoe)a type of plain shoe with a raised heel and no way of fastening it to the foot which is worn by women 3usually plurala type of flat shoe, like a ballet dancers shoe, which is worn by women 4usually pluraluk a flat shoe made of heavy cloth, which is worn by children for doing sportsverb liquid/gas1t usually*adv/prepto force liquid or gas to move somewhere:our latest machine can pump a hundred gallons a minute. the new wine is pumped into storage tanks. the heart pumps blood through the arteries/round the body.information2tinformal to keep asking someone for information, especially in a way that is not direct:she was pumping me for details of the new project. idioms pump sbs hand to shake someones hand (=hold their hand and move it up and down, especially in order to greet them)pump iron informal to lift heavy weights for exercise:these days both men and women pump iron for fitness. phrasalverbs pump sth into sth to spend a lot of money trying to make something operate successfully:they had been pumping money into the business for some years without seeing any results. pump sth outmremove1 to remove water or other liquid from something using a pump:we took turns pumping out the boat. produce2 informal disapproving to produce words or loud music in a way that is repeated, forceful and continuous:the government keeps pumping out the same old propaganda. the car radio was pumping out music with a heavy beat.pump out sth if someones stomach is pumped out, a poisonous substance is removed from it by being sucked through a tube:she had to go to hospital to have her stomach pumped out. pump sb upminformal to make someone feel more confident or excited:he was offering them advice and trying to pump them up. rthe players were pumping themselves up by singing the national anthem before the game. pump sth upm1 to fill something with air using a pump:have you pumped up the balloons yet? i must pump the tyres up on my bike. 2informal to increase something by a large amount:the us was able to pump up exports. lets pump up the volume a bit! pump-action/pmp. k. n/ adjective before noundescribes a device which operates by forcing something, especially air, in or out of a closed space or container: a pump-action shotgun a pump-action toiletpump priming nounuspecialized the activity of helping a business, programme, economy, etc. to develop by giving it money:the government is awarding small, pump-priming grants to single mothers who are starting their own businesses. pun/pn/nounca humorous use of a word or phrase which has several meanings or which sounds like another word:she made a couple of dreadful puns. this is a well-known joke based on a pun:“whats black and white and red(=read)all over? “ “a newspaper. “ verbi(-nn-)to make a punpunch/pnt/noun hit1ca forceful hit with a fist(=closed hand):she gave him a punch uk on/us in the nose. effect2uthe power to be interesting and have a strong effect on people: i felt the performance/speech/presentation lacked punch. drink3c or ua cold or hot drink made by mixing fruit juices, pieces of fruit and often wine or other alcoholic drinks tool4ca piece of equipment which cuts holes in a material by pushing a piece of metal through it:a ticket punch have you seen the hole punch anywhere? verbthit1to hit someone or something with your fist(=closed hand):he punched him in the stomach. 2 mainly us to hit with your fingers the buttons on a telephone or the keys on a keyboard use tool3 to make a hole in something with a special piece of equipment:i was just punching holes in some sheets of paper. this belts too bigill have to punch an extra hole in it. idioms punch sbs lights out informal to hit someone repeatedly very hardpunch the clock us to put a card into a special machine to record the times your arrive at and leave work:after 17 years of punching the clock, he just disappeared one morning and was never heard from again. 1. what does the word “pump” mean in “he ran in every five minutes to pump me about the case” ? a. talk with.b. ask for information.c. listen to.d. provide with evidence.2. when sally says “the tv program kept pumping out commercials”, she may be.a. excitedb. interestedc. annoyedd. worried3. what will the government most probably provide if it is engaged in a pump-priming program? a. sums of money. b. raw materials. c. human resources. d. media support.4. when sylvia says “his speech was ok but it had no real punch”, she thinks it was not.a. fluent and impressiveb. logical and movingc. informative and significantd. interesting and powerful【参考答案】1-4 bcad【2013界广东省增城市调研试题】阅读理解nowadays, there is a heated debate on whether pollutants should be cleaned in the air. cleaning up the air, while good for our lungs, could make global warming worse. and the pollutants still go up around the air, along with carbon dioxide.these pollutants are called aerosols (气溶粒) and they include soot as well as mixtures of nitrogen(氮) and sulfur(硫) and other stuff into the air. natalie mahowald, a climate researcher at cornell university, says so far, scientists have mostly tried to understand what those aerosols do while theyre actually in the air.there are so many different kinds of aerosols, she says. some warm and some cool. but in fact, humans are giving out a lot of extra aerosols, and they tend to cool for the most part.the aerosols reflect sunlight back into space, or keep us cool. but it turns out thats not all they do. these aerosols also influence how much carbon dioxide gets drawn out of the air by plants on land and in the sea.they can add nutrients, for example, to the oceans or to the land, mahowald says. but also while theyre in the atmosphere they can change the climate, and thus that also can influence the amount of carbon, the land or the ocean can take up. so there are quite a few different ways that aerosols can act on each other.mahowalds results suggest that reducing those pollutants could be an even bigger problem than realized, when you consider that aerosols help remove carbon dioxide from the air by encouraging plant growth. hard numbers on this effect are highly uncertain at the moment, but this could turn out to be quite significant.and studying it is not easy because the effects arent well understood. for example, nitrogen can be a fertilizer (肥料), but it can stop plant growing when nitrogen comes out of the air in acid form. right now it seems like were much more likely to clean up aerosol pollution, while increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. so scientists, unfortunately, may have a chance to see whether this experiment on our planet should continue or not.36. from paragraph 2, we know that .a. scientists have been aware of how aerosols workb. natalie mahowald is an expert in climatec. cleaning up the air is so populard. pollutants are under control so far【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第二句natalie mahowald的同位语a climate researcher at cornell university可知natalie mahowald是一个气候专家，故选b。37. what is natalie mahowalds opinion on those aerosols?a. aerosols can influence each other in various ways.b. all the aerosols will cool the earth.c. aerosols can add nutrients to human beings. d. any kind of aerosols will warm the earth.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。由第三段some warm and some cool得知，bd选项错误, 与some不符。从第五段的to the oceans，得知c也不对。由第五段最后一句aerosols can act on each other气溶粒可以以不同的方式相互影响，故选a。38. why is it important for scientists to get accurate numbers according to the passage? a. scientists have a chance to research them.b. they can bring scientists much more benefit.c. scientists can protect the earth from being pollutedd. they can help scientists understand the effects better. 【答案】d【解析】推理判断题。从第六段最后一句和第七段开头句可推出d正确。其他选项与题目没有直接的因果关系。它们能帮科学家更好地理解影响，故选d。39. what does the last sentence of the passage imply?a. scientists will be in a dilemma.b. the experiment will be successful.c. scientists will carry out the experiment.d. scientists have difficulty in the experiment. 【答案】a【解析】词义猜测题。从第七段开头句和第八段最后一句should continue or not应不应该进行。说明研究的左右为难。故a最合适。而d选项属于事实题，不是暗示推理题。科学家左右为难，故选a。40. which of the following can be the best title of this passage?a. pollutants in the air.b. the experiment on the planetc. the reason for global warming d. the influence of aerosols 【答案】d【解析】标题归纳题。全文以aerosols为中心，说明它的影响。故d正确。其他选项要么范围太大要么太小，不够全面。气溶粒的影响，故选d。passage twenty-one (the result of the falling us dollar) like a ticking time bomb, the falling dollar has grabbed the attention of japan and west germany, forcing them to consider adopting economic polices the united states advocates. the u.s. government wants the dollar to fall because as the dollar declines in value against the yen and deutsche mark, u.s. good becomes cheaper. u.s. companies then sell more at home and abroad, and u.s. trade deficit declines. cries for trade protection abate, and the global free-trade system is preserved. then, the cheaper dollar makes it cheaper for many foreign investors to snap up u.s. stocks. that prompts heavy buying from abroadespecially from japan. also, if the trade picture is improving, that means u.s. companies eventually will be more competitive. consequently, many investors are buying shares of export-oriented u.s. companies in anticipation of better profits in the next year or so. but that is a rather faddish notion right now; if corporate earnings are disappointing in interest rates, the stock market rally could stall. improving u.s. competitiveness means a decline in anothers competitiveness. japan and west germany are verging on recession. their export-oriented economies are facing major problems. japan is worried about the damage the strong yen will do to japanese trade. west germany is also worried. share prices in frankfurt plummeted this past week. bonn is thought to be considering a cut in interest rates to boost its economy. could the falling dollar get out of hand? if the dollar falls too far, investors might lose confidence in u.s. investmentsespecially the government bond market. the money to finance the federal budget and trade deficits could migrate elsewhere. inflation could flare up, too, since japanese and german manufacturers will eventually pass along price hikesand u.s. companies might follow suit to increase their profit margins. the u.s. federal reserve then might need to step in and stabilize the dollar by raising interest rates. and higher interest rates could cause the u.s. economy to slow down and end the wall street rally.worried about these side effects, federal reserve chairman paul volcher has said the dollar has fallen far enough. what is the equilibrium level? probably near where it is or slightly lower. it all depends on when the u.s. trade deficit turns around or if investors defect from u.s. treasury bonds. “it requires a good deal of political patience on the part of the u.s. congress,” says dr. cline, “and there must be an expectation of patience on the part of private investors. the chance are relatively good that we will avoid an investor break or panic.”1. what is the main idea of this passage?a. the impression of the falling u.s. dollar. the result of the u.s. falling dollar.c. the side effect of u.s. falling dollar.d. japan and west germany are worried about u.s. falling dollar.2. what does the word “rally” mean.a. prosperity. . decline. c. richness. d. import.3. why are japan and west germany worried about the falling dollar?a. because the falling dollar may cause inflation in their countries. because it may force them to sell a lot of u.s, stocks.c. because it may do damage to their trade.d. because it may make japanese company less competitive.4. if dollar-falling got out of hand, and the u.s. federal reserve might step in , what would happen?a. the prosperity of the u.s. economy would disappear. the u.s. economy might face serious problems.c. investors might lose confidence in u.s. investments.d.inflation could flare up.vocabulary1. ticking 滴答作响的2. grab 抓住3. abate 减弱4. snap up 争购，抢购5. heavy buying 大量买进6. export-oriented 以出口为方向的7. in anticipation of 期待，预期8. faddish 一时流行的9. spree 无节制的疯狂行为10. buying spree 狂购乱买11. plummet 垂直落下，骤然跌落，暴跌12. stall 停滞13. verge 处于边缘14. verging on recession 正处于衰退的边缘15. boost 振兴，吹捧16. bond market 债券市场17. flare up 突然闪耀，发火，爆发18. hike 提高，增加19. follow suit 照着做，跟出同花色的牌20. profit margin 利润幅度2