北京市大兴区高考英语 阅读理解专题训练（3）.doc

北京市大兴区2016高考英语 阅读理解专题训练（3）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。humpback whaleshumpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean. this is because they can make impressive movements when they dive. the name “humpback”, which is the common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whales back forms as it dives.sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement known as a breach. during breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body not of the water in a giant leap. a breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach.a humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of head. it blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water.the humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the body length, and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes. these markings are like fingerprints:no two are the same.humpback whales live in large groups. they communicate with each other through complex “songs”.quick factssize:14m18m in length;3050 tons in weightlivingenvironment:open ocean and shallow coastline watersmigration:from warm tropical(热带的)waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eatdiet:shellfish, plants and fish of small sizehunting:sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a “net” around a school of fish. the fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.currentstate:endangered:it is estimated that there are about 50007500 humpback whales worldwide.1. according to quick facts, a humpback whale.a. cannot survive in waters near the shore b. doesnt live in the same waters all the timec. lives mainly on underwater plants d. prefers to work alone when hunting food2. to make a breach, a humpback whale must.a. use its tail flukes to leap out of the water b. twist its body sideways to jump highc. blow two streams of water d. communicate with a group of humpbacks3. from the passage we can learn that a humpback whale.a. has its unique markings on its tail flukes b. has black and white fingerprintsc. gets its name from the way it hunts d. is a great performer due to its songs【参考答案】1-3 baa【2013界广东珠海市高三上期末质量监测】the day began with clear sunlight and blue skiesit soon turned into years of war, economic breakdown and political division. ten years after the attacks on the world trade center and the pentagon（五角大楼）on september 11,2001, america has come out of the smoke a very different countrynearly 3,000 people died on september 11suddenly america had to wake up to the fact that not everyone loves the ussamembers of al-qaeda, the militant group that earned out the attacks, were angry about us support for the israelisagainst palestinians in the middle east, about us troops in saudi arabia, and about sanctions （制裁）against iraqseptember 11 and the years that followed were a shock to our national consciousness, said nicholas bums, american ambassador to nato （北约） at the timethe terrorists struck not only the buildings, but also americans- faith in their powerthe fear that america had lost control of events as widespreadin the name of fighting terrorism, the us launched wars in iraq and afghanistanmore than 6,000 americans have diedtens of thousands of ordinary people in those countries have also lost their livesbut deaths are only part of the storythe world was shocked by photographs of americans torturing （折磨） iraqis in abu ghraib prison in baghdaddavid goldstein, a reporter with the kansas city star, questioned american behavior: has torturing so-called terrorists saved american lives or made the values we advocate around the world weaker? is that what weve become?however, a brief moment of national unity did occur straight after 9/11americans were coming together in an unusually powerful way in the asheswe live in a bittersweet memory of that collective tragedy and collective possibility, said filmmaker ken burnsseptember 11 was that kind of common momentwhen it was over, the harth still turned in its usual way and the stars in the sky shone as beforebut the universe had shifted somehowthough the world felt the consequence of september 11, more is to cometen years on, it still might be too soon to tell31what is al-qaeda in paragraph 2?ait is the name of the leader of a militant groupbit is the name of a city in tie middle eastcit is the name of an armed organizationdit is the name of a terrorist that carried out the 9/11 attacks【答案】c 【解析】细节理解题。根据它的同位语可知the militant group，它是一个组织的名称，故选c。 32which statement is not true?athe us government gives supports to israel but not to palestine or iraqbthere are american troops stationed in satidi arabiacthe 9/11 event brought die us people into unity for some timedmore than 6000 americans have died since the 9/11 attacks【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。根据nearly 3,000 people died on september 11选项d叙述的是6000多人与短文不符，故选d。33what is probably the authors attitude towards americas military actions abroad?ait is necessary to sweep out all the terrorists around the worldbit is not very reasonable to launch wars in iraq and afghanistancit is quite right to apply military forces upon other nationsdthe days of an eye for an eye should never be gone【答案】b【解析】推理判断题。根据but deaths are only part of the storythe world was shocked by photographs of americans torturing （折磨） iraqis in abu ghraib prison in baghdad可推知伊朗和阿富汗的战争是不合理的，故选b。34what can be inferred from the passage?asome americans are skeptical about americas armed behavior overseasbtens of thousands of common people were killed in the wars besides american soldierscthe 9/11 attacks damaged americans faith in their military and economical powerdmore attacks will happen to the us ten years later【答案】a【解析】推理判断题。根据though the world felt the consequence of september 11, more is to cometen years on, it still might be too soon to tell可推知一些美国人怀疑美国的海外战争，故选a。35what is the best title for this passage?aresult of military operationsbamericas victory over terroristscshadows of 9/11dnever say yes【答案】c【解析】标题归纳题。根据ten years after the attacks on the world trade center and the pentagon（五角大楼）on september 11,2001, america has come out of the smoke a very different country及短文的内容可知9/11带来的阴影，故选c。passage twenty-seven (analysis and interpretation of the news) the newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed, unslanted, objectively selected facts. but in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. this is the most important assignment confronting american journalismto make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribbling as society and club news) as “local” news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life. there is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. this is nonsense. the opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts”. this insistence raises two questions: what are the facts? and: are the bare facts enough? as to the first query. consider how a so-called “factual” story cones about. the reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten, which he considers most important. this is judgment number one. then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece (this is important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph.) this is judgment number two. then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. judgment number three. thus, in the presentation of a so-called “factual” or “objective” story, at least three judgments are involved. and they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their “news neutralism,” arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news. the two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processesas objective, that is, as any human being can be. (note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.) of an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. he can do it by the selection of those facts that prop up his particular plea. or he can do it by the pay he gives a storypromoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.1. the title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is a. interpreting the news. . choosing facts.c. subjective versus objective processes. d. everything counts.2. why does the writer of an article select ten out of 50 available facts?a. space is limited. . his editor is prejudiced.c. the subject is not important. d. he is entering choppy and dangerous.3. what is the least effective way of “slanting” news/a. interpretation. . his editor is prejudiced.c. placement. d. concentration.4. why should the lead sentence present the most important fact?a. it will influence the reader to continue. it will be the best way to write.c. some readers do not read beyond the first paragraph.d. it will gratify the editor.vocabulary1. unalloyed 纯粹的，没有杂物的2. unslanted 无偏见的，不歪曲的3. scribble 胡写，乱写；粗制滥造的文章4. manpower draft 人力征用，券集5. economic strain 经济紧张，压力6. embark on 开始，从事7. choppy 波浪滔滔的，变动频繁，紊乱8. query 疑问，质问9. come about 发生10. allotment 分配11. beacon 信标，灯塔，烽火12. murky 阴暗的，（雾等）浓的13. prop up 给撑腰，支持14. demote 使降级。相应词 promote15. news neutralism 无倾向性新闻，新闻中立主义16. lead （新闻等）导语，提要难句译注1. this is the most important assignment confronting american journalismto make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribbling as society and club news) as “local” news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.结构简析 主从句，句中连用三个不定式，是实际的主语，也就是this 的内容。后跟宾语或宾语从句。参考译文 美国报界面临最重要的儿女物是向读者讲清今日存在的问题，使国际新闻像地区社区新闻一样明白易懂，使他们认识到不再有什么“本地”新闻这类事情（社团或俱乐部粗制滥造的文章可能要除外），因为国际上任何新闻在人力征用，募集，经济负担，事实上在生活的各方面都会引起地区反应。2. there is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion.结构简析 the swirling是说明语。参考译文 报界有一种普遍存在的观点：当你从事解释新闻的工作（对新闻进行解释时），你就进入了波浪滔天，险情还生的水域，意见漩掀的浪潮。3. and they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their “news neutralism,” arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.结构简析 句中有定语从句in which 修饰interpretation. 定从中calling on 分词短语作伴随状态，修饰repo