北京市崇文区高考英语阅读理解一轮基础训练（2）(1).doc

北京市崇文区2015高考英语阅读理解一轮基础训练（2）及答案阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。in business, theres a speed difference: its the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive (竞争的) strategy（策略）and how fast the company actually moves. the difference is important regardless of industry and company size. companies fearful or losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.in our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track, whats more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines ,averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-years period.how did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better ? they thought differently about what “slower “and “faster” mean. firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly ) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ). simply increasing the speed of production, for example , may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference . but that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.in our study, high performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary . they became more open to idea and discussion. they encouraged new ways of thinking. and they allowed time to look and learn. by contrast (相比而言). performance suffered at firms that moved falt all the among their employer , and had little time thinking about changes.strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership . teams that regularly take time to get things right , rather than plough ahead full bore , are more successful in meeting their business goals . that kind of strategy must come from the top.57 . what does the underlined part “gain an edge ” in paragraph 2 mean ? a. increase the speed. b. get an advantage. c. reach the limit. d. set a goal58. the underlined part “the laws of business physics” in paragraph 3 means _. a. spending more time and performing worse. b. spending more time and performing better c. spending less time and performing worse d. spending less time and performing better 59. what can we learn from the text? a. how fast a firm moves depends on how big it is. b. how competitive a firm is depends on what it produces. c. firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes. d. firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.60. where could be the last title for the text? a. improve quality? serve better. b. deliver value? plough ahead. c. reduce time? move faster. d. need speed? slow down.【答案】bdcd阅读理解from good reading we can derive pleasure, companionship, experience, and instruction. a good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. it increases our contentment when we are cheerful, and lessens our troubles when we are sad. whatever may be our main purpose in reading, our contact with good books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction.with a good book in our hands we need never be lonely. whether the characters portrayed are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may become our companions and friends. in the pages of books we can walk with the wise and the good of all lands and all times. the people we meet in books may delight us either because they resemble human friends whom we hold or because they present unfamiliar types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances. our human friends sometimes may bore us, but the friends we make in books need never weary us with their company. by turning the page we can dismiss them without any fear of hurting their feelings. when human friends desert us, good books are always ready to give us friendship, sympathy, and encouragement. one of the most valuable gifts bestowed by books is experience. few of us can travel far from home or have a wide range of experiences, but all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books. whether we wish to escape from the seemingly dull realities of everyday life or whether we long to visit some far-off place, a book will help us when nothing else can. to travel by book we need no bank account to pay our way; no airship or ocean liner or stream-lined train to transport us; no passport to enter the land of our hearts desire. through books we may get the thrill of hazardous adventure without danger. we can climb lofty mountains, brave the perils of an antarctic winter, or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship. in books we may visit the studios of hollywood; we may mingle with the gay throngs of the paris boulevards; we may join the picturesque peasants in an alpine village or the kindly natives on a south sea island. indeed, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. the possibilities of our literary experiences are almost unlimited. the beauties of nature, the enjoyment of music, the treasures of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read.16. why is it that we sometimes forget our surroundings and even our identity while reading?a. no one has come to disturb you. b. everything is so quiet and calm around you.c. the book you are reading is so interesting and attractive.d. your book is overdue; you are finishing it at a very fast speed.17. how would you account for the fact that people like their acquaintances in books even more?a. they resemble human friends exactly. b. they are unfamiliar types we like.c. they never desert us.d. they never hurt our feelings.18. which of the following is true?a. your wish to visit some far-off place can be realized through the pages of the books. b. to escape from the dull realities of everyday life you should take up reading. c. books can always help you to live a colourful life. d. you may obtain valuable experience from reading good books.19. the word “weary” means _. a. “to attract someones attention”b. “to distract someones attention” c. “to make someone very tired”d. “to make someone interested”20. “. the whole world is ours for the asking” implies that _.a. in books the world is more accessible to usb. we can ask to go anywhere in the worldc. we can make a claim to everything in this worldd. we can make a round-the-world trip free of charge (d)本书主要讲读好书的益处。c 细节理解题。由第一段第二句(absorb our attention completely)可知。c 推理判断题。由第二段第五、六和七句可知。d 细节理解题。由第二段第八句one of the most valuable gifts bestowed by books is experience.可知。c 猜测词义题。由两个分句的转折关系可知never weary应与bore反义，即weary与bore同义，都是“使人疲倦/厌烦”之意。a 推理判断题。由该句所处的语境可推知。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。aself-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit are the foundation of medical practice in the united states. most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in the community. they send their patients to this hospital, which usually charges patients according to the number of days they stay and the facilities(operating room, tests, medicines that they use). some hospitals belong to a city, a state or, in the case of veterans hospitals, a federal government agency. others are operated by religious orders(教会) or other non-profit groups.some medical doctors are on salary. salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training. they may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work for the federal governments public health service.physicians are among the best paid professionals in the united states. in the 1980s, it was not uncommon for medical doctors to earn incomes of more than $ 100 000 a year. specialists, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount. physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. one reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the united states. most would be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly $ 20 000 a year at one of the best private institutions. prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. tuition alone can exceed $ 10 000 a year. by the time they have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. they still face three to five years of residency(实习阶段) in a hospital, the first year as an apprentice physician. the hours are long and the pay is relatively low.setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. these physicians also take care of each others patients in emergencies.physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. many medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. it is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can mean the difference between life and death.1. according to the passage, it is very unlikely that an american hospital is owned by _. a. a churchb. a corporationc. a cityd. a state2. the expenses for becoming a doctor are spent on _.a. schooling and retrainingb. practice in a hospitalc. facilities he or she usesd. education he or she receives3. according to the passage, how long does it take for a would-be physician to become an independent physician in the usa?a. about seven years.b. eight years. c. ten years.d. about twelve years.4. sometimes several physicians set up a group medical practice mainly because _.a. there are so many patients that it is difficult for one physician to take care all of themb. they can take turns to work long hoursc. facilities may be too much of a burden for one physician to shoulderd. no one wants to assume too much responsibility5 which of the following statements could fully express the authors view towards physicians payment in the usa?a. for their expensive education and their responsibility, they deserve a handsome pay.b. it is reasonable for physicians to have a large income because their work is very dangerous.c. physicians should be better paid because they work long hours under bad conditions.d. physicians have great responsibility, so it is understandable that they should be well rewarded. 全解全析bddca在美国，医师是高报酬职业之一。这是由于他们需要较长时间的学习和高学费投入的缘故。b。语义理解题。从第 1 段最后两句话中可得出答案。d。主旨题。从第 3 段的最后部分中可得出答案。d。计算题。从第 3 段的 most would be physicians first attend college for four years prospective physicians then attend medical school for four yearsthey still face three to five years of residency 可知答案为 d。c。细节题。从第 4 段第2句可找到答案。a。主旨题。通读全文便知高额学费和职业风险是医师获得高报酬的原因。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not. a high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos(纹身), nose rings, or certain dress styles. it is true you cant judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey(传递)certain messages. what we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept. others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees(雇员)，because those people represent the companies to their customer.as a hiring manager i am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. there are plenty of wellqualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. even though i am openminded, i cant expect all our customers are.there is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. no company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.57which of the following is the newspaper editors opinion according to paragraph 2? apeoples appearances carry messages about themselves.bcustomers choices influence dress standards in companies.ccandidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.dstrange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.58what can be inferred from the text? acandidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.bwhat to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.ccompanies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates. dhiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.59which of the following would be the best title for the text? aemployees matterbpersonal choices mattercappearances matterdhiring managers matter60the authors attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as_. aenthusiastic bnegative cpositive dsympathetic【要点综述】又是一年毕业季，很多大学毕业生又要开始为寻找一份可以赖以生存的工作而奔忙了，但是，影响就业成功的因素很多，其中有一点就是面试时的着装。 57c推理判断题。根据第二段的首句可知报纸编辑认为有纹身或戴鼻环去面试的人应该受到公平的对待，故本题选c。58b推理判断题。通读第三段可知本文作者的意思是：员工的穿着不再是员工的私人问题，而是影响到公司的声誉和发展的大问题。选b。59c主旨大意题。本文大意是关于员工的着装问题，故本题选c。60b作者意图题。根据本文后两段可知，作者不赞成员工着奇装异服，即作者的态度是“否定的”，故选b。since 1984, philadelphia has been cleaning up its act. one by one, graffiti-covered walls are being changed into outdoor art. so far, more than 1,800 murals（壁画）have been painted.philadelphia now has more murals than any other american city.the walls that were once ugly with graffiti（涂鸦）are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the mural arts program (map). its work makes schools and public places attractive, and its citizens ver