北京市密云区高考英语 阅读理解系列训练（8）.doc

密云区2014高考英语阅读理解系列训练（8）及答案阅读理解、专题训练(*)、如何做好推理判断题 方法点拨做推理判断题时注重从已知推出未知，但在推理过程中千万不要主观臆断，掺杂自己的观点。 活学活用根据所学技巧，完成下列读写任务the automobile has many advantages. above all，it offers people freedom to go wherever and whenever they want to go. the basic purpose of a motor vehicle is to get from point a to point b as cheaply，quickly，and safely as possible. however，to most people，cars are also personal fantasy machines that serve as symbols of power，success，speed，excitement，and adventure.in addition，much of the worlds economy is built on producing motor vehicles and supplying roads，services，and repairs for those vehicles. half of the worlds paychecks are auto related. in the united states，one of every six dollars spent and one of every six nonfarm jobs are connected to the automobile or related industries，such as oil，steel，rubber，plastics，automobile services，and highway construction.in spite of their advantages，motor vehicles have many harmful effects on human lives and on air，water，land，and wildlife resources. the automobile may be the most destructive machine ever invented. though we tend to deny it，riding in cars is one of the most dangerous things we do in our daily lives.since 1885，when karl benz built the first automobile，almost 18 million people have been killed by motor vehicles. every year，cars and trucks worldwide kill an average of 250,000 peopleas many as were killed in the atomic bomb attacks on hiroshima and nagasakiand injure or permanently disable ten million more. half of the worlds people will be involved in an auto accident at some time during their lives.since the automobile was introduced，almost three million americans have been killed on the highwaysabout twice the number of americans killed on the battlefield in all us.wars. in addition to the tragic loss of life，these accidents cost american society about $ 60 billion annually in lost income and in insurance(保险)，administrative(行政的)，and legal expenses.streets that used to be for people are now for cars. pedestrians and people riding bicycles in the streets are subjected to noise，pollution，stress，and danger. motor vehicles are the largest source of air pollution，producing a haze of smog over the worlds cities. in the united states，they produce at least 50% of the countrys air pollution.根据短文，写一篇3050词左右的摘要_.根据所读短文，选出最佳答案1cars represent people s _.aoccupationbidentityclife style dfame2according to the passage，the average number of people killed annually in traffic accidents around the world is_.a18 million b250,000chalf of the worlds population d60 million3a serious environmental problem resulting from automobiles is _.atragic loss of life btraffic jamscair pollution dmental stress4it can be inferred from this passage that automobiles_.aare an important part of the world s economybare becoming less dangerouscwill produce less air pollution in the futuredare killing more people in recent years than in the past5the title that suits the passage best is _. aautomobile and economy bautomobile and the environment cthe problems with the automobiledadvantages and disadvantages of the automobile参考答案automobiles have both advantages and disadvantages. they can get people anywhere and bring them good feelings，as well as job opportunities. but in the meantime，they kill and injure people，cost a lot of money and pollute the earth we live on.15：bbcad*结束（201*浙江卷）one evening in february 2007 . a student named paula ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote in wales . she got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path . thats when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train.her renault clio parked across a railway line. second later,she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks. ceelys near miss made the news because she blamed it on her gps device(导航仪).she had never driven the route before .it was dark and raining heavily . ceely was relying on her gps. but it made no mention of the crossing .i put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train ,she told the bbc. w ho is to blame here ? rick stevenson ,who tells ceelys story in his book when machines fail us, finger at the limitations of technology. we put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. they are filled with small problems. and its not just gps devices: stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless key boards. the problem with his argument in the book is that its not clear why he only focuses digital technology,while there may be a number of other possible causes. a map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. maybe we should blame ceely for not paying attention. perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signaling system. or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the cps equipment. but stevenson doesnt say.its a problem that runs through the book. in a section on cars, stevenson gives an accout of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. he offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. he says that once once again not all new locks have proved reliable. perhaps, but maybe its also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. or changing social circumstances. or some combination of these factors .the game between humans and their smart devices is complex. it is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be way a wiser use of technology. if there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. after all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. they have probably been fooling us for just as long .41.whatdidpaulaceelythinkwasthecauseofheraccident?a.shewasnotfamiliarwiththeroad.b.itwasdarkandrainingheavilythen.c. the railway works failed to give the signal.d. her gps device didnt tell her about the crossing42.thephrase” nearmiss”(paragraph2)canbestbereplacedby_.a.closebitb.heavylossc.narrow escaped.bigmistake43.whichofthefollowingwouldrickstevensonmostprobablyagreewith?a. moderntechnologyiswhatwe cantlivewithout.b.digitaltechnologyoftenfalls shortofoutexpectation.c.digitaldevicesaremore reliablethantheyusedtobe.d.gpserrorisnottheonly causeforcelerysaccident.44.in the writers opinion, stevensons argument is_.a. one-sided b. reasonable c.puzzling d.well-based45.what is the real concern of the writer of this article?a.the major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts.b.the relationship between humans and technologyc.theshortcomingsofdigital devicesweuse.d.thehuman unawarenessoftechnicalproblems.【答案】dcbab*结束 we discuss the issue of when to help a patient die. doctors of our generation are not newcomers to this question. going back to my internship（实习）days, i can remember many patients in pain, sometimes in coma(昏迷), with late, hopeless cancer. for many of them, we wrote an order for heavy medicationmorphine(吗啡)by the clock. this was not talked about openly and little was written about it. it was essential, not controversial.the best way to bring the problem into focus is to describe two patients whom i cared for. the first, formerly a nurse, had an automobile accident. a few days later her lungs seemed to fill up; her heart developed dangerous rhythm disturbances. so there she was: in coma, on a breathing machine, her heartbeat maintained with an electrical device. one day after rounds, my secretary said the husband and son of the patient wanted to see me. they told me their wife and mother was obviously going to die; she was a nurse and had told her family that she never wanted this kind of terrible death, being maintained by machines. i told them that while i respected their view, there was nothing deadly about her situation. the kidney(肾) failure she had was just the kind for which the artificial kidney was most effective. while possibly a bit reassured, they were disappointed. here was the head surgeon seemingly determined to keep everybody alive, no matter what.within a few days the patients pacemaker(起搏器) could be removed and she awoke from her coma. about six months later, the door of my office opened and in walked a gloriously fit woman. after some cheery words of appreciation, the father and son asked to speak to me alone. as soon as the door closed, both men became quite tearful. all that came out was, we want you to know how wrong we were.the second patient was an 85-year-old lady whose hair caught fire while she was smoking. she arrived with a deep burn; i knew it would surely be deadly. as a remarkable coincidence there was a meeting for discussion going on at the time in medical ethics(道德). the speaker asked me if i had any sort of ethical problem i could bring up for discussion. i described the case and asked the students their opinion. after the discussion, i made a remark that was, when looking back, a serious mistake. i said, ill take the word back to the nurses about her and we will talk about it some more before we decide. the instructor and the students were shocked: you mean this is a real patient? the teacher of ethics was not accustomed to being challenged by actuality. in any event, i went back and met with the nurses. a day or two later, when she was making no progress and was suffering terribly, we began to back off treatment. soon she died quietly and not in pain. as a reasonable physician, you had better move ahead and do what you would want done for you. and dont discuss it with the world first. there is a lesson here for everybody. assisting people to leave this life requires strong judgment and long experience to avoid its misuse.10. in the early days when a patient had got a deadly, hopeless illness, _.a. doctors used to ask the patient to go back home and wait for deathb. doctors would write all their treatment plan on the patients medical recordc. doctors would talk about their treatment plan openlyd. usually doctors would inject more morphine into the patient to end his life11. the first patients husband and son wanted the doctor_.a. to end her lifeb. to save her lifec. to operate on her at onced. to use an artificial kidney12. in the second paragraph, why were they disappointed?a. their wife and mother was going to die. b. they doctor didnt do as they asked to.c. their wife and mother had to receive a kidney transplant.d. the doctor scolded them for their cruelty 13. at the meeting, the author discussed with the students_.a. how to help patients end their livesb. the importance of mercy killingc. the relationship between mercy killing and ethicsd. the case about an old lady14. the author suggested that doctors_ before they assist a patient in killing himself.a. discuss it with the others firstb. make sure there is no other choice leftc. be required to do so first by the patientd. give the patient enough morphine 15.which of the following can best describe the author?ka. cruel. b. determined. c. experienced. d. considerate.参考答案 10-15 dabdbc*结束hans was an honest fellow with a funny round good-humored face. living alone, every day he worked in his garden. in all the countryside there was no garden so lovely as his. all sorts of flowers grew there, blooming in their proper order as the months went by, one flower taking another flowers place, so that there were always beautiful things to see, and pleasant odors to smell. hans had many friends, the most devoted being the miller. so devoted was the rich miller to hans that hed never go by his garden without plucking a large bunch of flowers or a handful of sweet herbs, or filling his pockets with fruits. the miller used to talk about noble ideas, and hans nodded and smiled, feeling proud of having such a friend. the neighbors thought it strange that the rich miller never gave hans anything in return, though he had hundreds of sacks of flour, many cows and sheep, but hans never troubled his head about these, and nothing gave him greater pleasure than to listen to all the wonderful things about the unselfishness of true friendship. in spring, summer, and autumn hans was very happy, but when winter came, and he had no fruit or flowers to sell, he suffered from cold and hunger. though extremely lonely, the miller never came to see him then. “theres no good in going to see hans while the snow lasts.” the miller said to his wife, “when people are in trouble they shouldnt be bothered. so ill wait till the spring comes when hes happy to give me flowers.” “youre certainly very thoughtful,” answered his wife, “its quite a treat to hear you talk about friendship.” “couldnt we ask hans up here?” said their son. “ill give him half my meal, and show him my white rabbits.” “how silly you are!” cried the miller. “i really dont know whats the use of sending you to school. if hans came up here, and saw our warm fire, our good supper, and our red wine, he might get envious, and envy is a most terrible thing, and would spoil anybodys nature. i am his best friend, and ill always watch over him, and see that hes not led into any temptation. besides, if hans came here, he might ask me for some flour. flour is one thing, and friendship is another, and they shouldnt be confused. the words are spelt differently, and mean quite different things. everybody can see that.” he looked seriously at his son, who felt so ashamed that he hung his head down, and grew quite scared, and began to cry into his tea. spring coming, the miller went down to see hans. again he talked about friendship. “hans, friendship never forgets. im afraid you dont understand the poetry of life. see, how lovely your roses are!” hans said he wanted to sell them in the market to buy back his things which were sold during the hard time of the winter. “ill give you many good things. i think being generous is the base of friendship.” said the miller. “and now, as ill give you many good things, im sure youd like to give me some flowers in return. heres the basket, and fill it quite full.” poor hans was afraid to say anything. he ran and plucked all his pretty roses, and filled the millers basket, imagining the many good things promised by the miller. the next day he heard the miller calling: “hans, would you mind carrying this sack of flour for me to market?” “im sorry, but i am really very busy today.” “well,” said the miller, “considering that im going to give you my things, its rather unfriendly of you to refuse. upon my word, you mustnt mind my speaking quite plainly to you.” poor hans was driven by his friendship theory to work hard for his best friend, leaving his garden dry and wasted. one evening hans was sitting by fire when the miller came. “hans,” cried the miller, “my little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself, and im going for the doctor. but he lives so far a