中考英语 题型经典解法及模拟演练系列 词汇填空（含精析）.doc

中考题型经典解法及模拟演练系列之词汇填空 纵观近年来全国各省市中考试题，对词汇的考查在非选择题或主观题中所占的分值和比重逐渐增加。就其设题形式，可分为独立填空和综合填空两种。 独立填空【命题特点】 独立填空主要考查考生在独立句子中单词和短语的拼写能力，实际上还考查了考生的句意理解能力、逻辑思维能力和灵活运用能力。句子可能 于教材或课外文章的某一句话，也可能是单独的一个句子。其考察的词性各种各样，既包括名词、动词、形容词等实词，也包括介词、连词、感叹词等虚词；考察的词形也五花八门，既可能是原形，又可能是名词复数；既可能是比较级，又可能是序数词【考查形式】 (1)首字母填空所填单词的第一个字母已经给出。 (2)根据汉语提示填空空格处给出中文提示。 (3)词形转换用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。【解题原则】 合“理”合“法”，即所填词语既符合逻辑，又语法正确。所以完成后的句子一定句意完整、语句通顺、无语法错误。考点1 首字母填空【例题解析】 根据句意在空白处填上适当的单词，使句意完整通顺。 1. would you give me something to d_？i am very thirsty 2. dont make much n_ here. the students are having a class 这类试题主要是把单词的考查放在具体语境中，考查同学们根据上下文进行判断、理解、词语的能力，加强了测试考生具体运用语言的能力。解题时先要根据句子所设定的情景来判断所缺词的词义，还要注意根据句子结构来判断语法形式。做这类题目时准确地选词是关键，对于一些词义相同或相近的词，需要特别注意其用法区别。题1从very thirsty来分析应填drink。题2从having a class可以推测应填noise。【解题技巧】1.首先，要正确理解句子的含义，确定所要填入词的词义。2.然后，结合空格前后的关键词，确定所要填入词的词性。3.最后，要根据所填单词在句子中充当的成分、前后的修饰语、固定句式或固定搭配，确定所要填入词的词形。 考生熟练掌握单词的词性和拼写。例如：对于名词，应根据具体的语境判断出用单数还是复数；根据句意判断出是形容词还是副词，然后考虑用比较级还是最高级；对于动词，应根据句意确定用哪个动词，再根据其他信息来确定用哪种形式；对于数词，应根据句意判断出用基数词还是序数词。考点2根据汉语提示填空【例题解析】 1.the young man with glasses teaches _(我们) chinese.2.he _(做) his homework late last night. 比根据首字母填空较容易，但越简单越容易出错。所考查的单词本身并不复杂，很长的难拼写的并不多，所以它考查的重点在于考生是否会灵活运用。解题时不要急于求成，看到汉语马上就写，而要进行深入、细致的思考，确定好形式再下笔。题1从teach的用法入手，即teach sb. sth.应填us而不是our; 题2根据时态可以确定应填did。【解题技巧】 1.在正确理解句子的含义的基础上，展开语法知识联想。比如，看到“我们”，就要想到考查代词，那么到底是人称代词、物主代词还是反身代词，这就要求考生对语法知识 络成竹在胸，才能有的放矢。2.准确判断句子中的关键词并根据句子或语境确定所要填写的单词。解这类题目不仅要熟记单词，注意拼读规则，还要注意写出的单词在句中的句法功能，即要注意选用适当的词形。这类题考查固定搭配、动词用法及时态语态较多。3.注意隐藏的词，如keep _(健康)，实际上应是“健康的”。考点 3词形转换【例题解析】 根据句意，用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. how many times do you brush your _（tooth）everyday？ 2. his father has been _（die）for five years 试题型是目前各地中考中用得比较多的一种题型，旨在考查同学们在具体的语境中运用语言的能力，侧重考查单词的各种变化，又要根据句意判断该词在句中的作用，作何种成分，需要运用何种词性。题1所给词是名词，根据句意应用它的复数形式teeth。题2所给的词是动词，根据句意和其在连系动词之后，应用它的形容词形式dead。 【解题技巧】 1. 根据句意找出关键词，注意关键词往往是和所给词汇联系最密切的词，位置一般也比较靠近所给词。2. 熟练掌握各种词形变化是关键。这就要求考生熟知构词法比如前缀和后缀知识。3. 还要正确把握词汇的语法作用，比如形容词主要考查作定语、表语和宾补；副词用来修饰动词考查的最多。模拟演练i.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. even a child knows september is the _ month of a year.（nine）2. our computer _ 5 pounds and costs about $2,000.（weigh）3. yesterday i _ a new dress at the macys for my mum.（buy）4. i didnt want to be treated _ from anyone else.（different）5. she was _ in the kitchen when the light went out.（serve）6. when traveling, youd better take a map with _. (you) 7. the students in class 2 are having a _ about how to achieve a balance between study and play. (discuss) 8.is it the best one of the _ of your family ? (photo)9. more and more people have their own cars. thats why theres_ traffic than before. (heavy) 10. why are you so happy today? because i _ the badminton match. (win)【精析】1. ninth 根据句意及关键词the，确定用序数词。 2. weighs 主要根据关键词costs。3. bought 根据关键词yesterday确定用一般过去时。 4. differently 根据语法作用分析，需要用副词修饰动词be treated。5. serving根据句意及when 从句，确定用过去进行时。 6. you 主要根据搭配take sth. with sb.介词后用人称代词的宾格。7. discussion 根据搭配have a _ about确定用名词单数。8. photos 从关键词the best one of the分析，应填复数。9.heavier 根据关键词than应使用比较级。10. have won本句完全根据句意判断，“高兴”的原因是因为已经赢得了羽毛球比赛。ii.根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。1. its cold outside. please put on your w_ winter coat.2. last year we p _ a lot of trees around our school. and now they grow well. 3. this backpack is c _, but he still cant afford it. 4. may is the f _ month of the year. 5. dont worry about me, mom. i can take care of m _.6.try some more rice, please. no, thanks. im f _.7. have you ever c_ buying a new mp4 player? it is good for you to listen to english as well as music.8. the football star loves his girlfriend very much and he decides to get m _ to her next month.9. a terrible disease（疾病） has just broken out in europe and it has caused a number of d_ in some european countries.10. many middle school students like reading harry potter, i_ me.【精析】1. warm 句意及语法作用，名词coat 前用形容词作定语。2. planted 根据第二句和时间状语，确定用过去式。3. cheap 主要由后半句和is 后用形容词作表语得知。4. fifth 据句意及关键词the，确定用序数词。5. myself 根据句意和主语i。6. full 实际上通过词汇考查交际用语。7. considered根据句意和动词用法， 结合时态，确定用过去分词。 8. married 主要通过句意考查短语get married。9. deaths根据disease 联想到“死亡”，需注意a number of 后用名词复数。10. including根据语法作用判断应填介词，结合句意，可知。iii.根据汉语提示，用单词的正确形式填空，每空一词。1.rose went to the seaside and enjoyed _(她) the day before yesterday.2. my sister studies hard, she often finishes her homework _(容易).3. as we know,_(吸烟) is a bad habit, its not good for our health.4. i like lots of vegetables, such as cabbages, carrots and _(西红柿).5. many chinese students have come to realize the _ (重要) of learning english.6. i spent an hour _(写) the passage last night.7. he _ (点头) to me in greeting when i entered the room.8. we are very _ (自豪) that a pupil from our school has won the prize.9. they all hurried _ (外面) to see what was going on.10. there was in _ (沉默) for a moment and thensomeone made a useful suggestion.【精析】主要根据语法作用确定词性和词形。1. herself enjoy 后跟反身代词的用法，再结合主语rose。2. easily 副词修饰动词。 3.smoking 根据is ，知动名词作主语。4.tomatoes 根据关键词 cabbages, carrots知用复数。5.importance the of 中间用名词。 6. writing 从spenddoing分析。7. nodded 根据关键词entered知用过去式。8. proud 根据搭配be proud that。 9. outside 10. silence 注意区分“be silent”和“be in silence”。综合填空【命题特点】 综合填空主要考查考生在短文中的整体阅读能力、语言知识的运用能力、逻辑思维能力和书面表达能力, 特别是单词和短语的拼写能力。所以和独立填空相比，难度更大了。选材内容包罗万象: 天文地理、历史人文、科技发展、旅游广告等。 【考查形式】 (1)选词填空要填的单词在短文前已给出供考生选择。 (2)首字母填空所填单词的第一个字母已经给出。 (3)根据汉语提示填空空格处有中文提示。 考点1 选词填空 【例题解析】 请先阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从方框中所给的词中选出最恰当的10个填空。每个词限用一次。 hear listen how successfully place hurtwhat before them because natural lifedeal with conflict losing friends is about as easy as making friends if you dont know how to deal with anger and conflict(冲突). conflict is part of everyones 1 . it will show up at school, at work and at home. its ok to feel angry, annoyed or sad. these feelings are 2 , but different people deal with 3 in different ways. some people shout, call people names, or even hit the person who has 4 them. others do their best to keep away from disagreements but very few deal with conflict 5 . dealing with conflict is a step by step process(过程). 6 you start discussing the problem, calm down, count to 10 and imagine a relaxing 7 . then, say what is really bothering you, but watch how you express yourself. dont complain. share 8 you feel by using“i. . . ”. for example, dont say“you are always ordering me to do this or to do that, ”but“i feel sad 9 you dont pay attention to what i think. ”you want people to 10 your opinion so make sure you practice what you want to say. listen carefully to the other person and accept that he or she might see the problem in a different way. be open-minded and willing to say sorry. 【精析】1. life由空格后的it will show up at school, at work and at home. 可知, 冲突无处不在。由此可推断此处表示冲突是每个人生活的一部分, 故填life, 意为“生活”。 2. natural前面提到的生气、懊恼和伤心这些感受都是自然的。natural意为“自然的”。 3. them此处需用宾格代词them指代前面提到的these feelings。 4. hurt打的对象应该是伤害他们的人, 故填hurt。 5. successfully另外一些人尽力逃避分歧, 但是极少数人成功地(successfully)解决冲突。 6. before在开始讨论问题之前, 你应该先平静下来, 数到10。before“在之前”。 7. place由空格前的relaxing可知, 此处需要填一个名词, place为最佳词语。 8. how how you feel意为“你感觉如何”, 此处表示用恰当的方式分享你的感觉。 9. because感到难过的原因是你没有重视“我”的想法。because意为“因为”。10. hear分析句子结构可知此处缺少一个动词, 再由空格后的your opinion可知选hear。 【命题特点】 选词填空考查考生对词语的认知以及对基本语法结构知识的掌握。答题时间为57分钟。用于选词填空的文章一般为200个词左右。文中留出10个单词的空格, 然后给出比空格数多出2个的单词选项, 要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章所缺之处。12个可选词汇每个只能用一次, 不可重复使用。这种题型与传统的完形填空相似, 但它并不是每一道题配有四个选项, 这种题型对于单词本身考核的要求相对比较低, 对语篇的准确理解是最终获得正确答案的必要条件, 因此, 这类题目更主要是考查阅读, 因此学生在做题时就需要“左顾右盼”, 重视语境的提示作用。 【解题技巧】 1. 标注词性: 阅读待选词语, 给所有词语标上词性, 以方便填空时确定其语法关系。 2. 了解大意: 阅读短文首句及末句, 了解文章大意。 3. 边读边填: 边读文章, 边填词语, 同时比较分析细微词义以及语法或搭配要求。 4. 划除选项: 在选定一个词之后, 在方框里将该词划除, 以缩小选择范围, 减少时间浪费。 5. 复核答案: 再复读全文, 进行复核, 检查整篇文章是否通顺流畅。 考点2 首字母填空 【例题解析】 阅读下面的短文, 根据短文内容及首字母提示, 在短文空白处填入一个恰当的词, 使短文内容完整、通顺。 when i was young, my family lived a hard life in the country. as you can i 1 , many country roads are difficult to walk on. one evening we were visiting some relatives and the weather was very bad. it began to rain on our way back home. dad c 2 me on his back. mom gave her coat to my brother. we walked t 3 in the rain for more than an hour. i was fat at that time and dad must be tired to h 4 me for such a long time. he almost fell down many times. i tried to get down and walk myself, but i a 5 nothing since i was just a little kid. when we arrived home, the inside of our house was c 6 with rain water. the rain had come t 7 the leaky(有裂缝的)roof and water was everywhere. mom put bowls all around the house to try to c 8 the rain. then she put me and my elder brother to bed, c 9 placing us on the remaining dry place. i fell asleep soon. when i opened my eyes, i found dad and mom were sleeping in chairs, both having caught a s 10 cold. it happened more than twenty years ago. and now i am a mother, too. i can remember neither the b_11_nor the end, but whenever i think of it, tears run down my face from my eyes because i fully understand what the parentslove means. 【精析】1. imagineas you can imagine意为“正如你所能想象的那样”, 为常用搭配。 2. carried由语境可知, 爸爸当时应该是背着作者, 事情发生在过去, 故填carried。 3. togetherwalk together意为“一起走”, 此处表示作者一家在雨中一起走了一个多小时。 4. hold此处用hold表示“背着”, 与carry同义。 5. achieved由转折连词but可知, 作者当时还小, 她试图自己走但没有成功, achieve nothing意为“没有成功”, 此处需用achieve的过去式achieved。 6. coveredbe covered with意为“被覆盖”, 为常用搭配。 7. through雨水应该是通过屋顶的裂缝渗透进来, 表示从内部穿过用through。 8. catch(collect)由常识可知在屋里放碗是为了接雨水, 此处用catch或collect均可。 9. carefully妈妈小心地把作者和哥哥放在干的地方。修饰动词要用副词形式。10. serious由语境可知, 爸爸和妈妈都得了严重的感冒, serious意为“严重的”。11. beginning由后面的the end可知, 此处需填beginning与之相对应。 【命题特点】 首字母填空属于能力测试的范畴, 它考查的范围极广, 可以是英语知识, 还可能涉及其他学科。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来, 并且单词形式合理, 符合语法规范, 符合短文需要。这种试题的首字母已给, 所填的就必须是该字母开头的单词。这既是一种限制, 又是一种提示。 【解题技巧】 1. 了解文章大意 通读短文, 对大意有个了解, 而不是盲目地去做。学会跳读, 对于不理解的地方可以暂时略过不去管它。 2. 猜测生僻词汇 在了解大意的情况下, 我们开始一边读一边认真分析, 填写单词。对于生词可以根据上下文的意思进行猜测。 3. 注意逻辑顺序 在阅读过程中, 要注意上、下文的关系, 掌握文章的逻辑顺序, 有利于把握文章全局。文章的逻辑关系不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等。 4. 抓住关键词语 留心找出关键词、短语或句子, 还要结合所给首字母的提示, 做到“四两拨千斤”省时省力, 填写答案, 并注意单词的正确形式。 5. 利用词性判断 根据上下文及该句判断词性, 再结合首字母确定该词的意思, 要有一定的句法知识。 【锦囊妙计】 依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词。 . . . w _his help, the old man was safe. the boy thanked him very much. 【解析】从句意我们就知道是“在他的帮助下”, with his help是固定词组。 依据语法知识进行填词。 it was a l _earlier. 【解析】从句中的earlier可以看出它是比较级, 我们应该会想到修饰形容词比较级有哪些词, 前面有a, 那肯定就是little。 依据常识的积累进行填词。 but it was too late. his friend was very angry. mr. white said nothing but only one word“s _. ” 【解析】mr. white迟到了, 他的朋友很生气, 他什么都没说, 只说了一个字“s _. ”我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉, 所以肯定填sorry。 考点3 根据汉语提示填空 【例题解析】 根据短文内容和所给中文提示, 写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。 you must have been around 15 years old. do you feel different from that when you were 9 years old? are you 1 (想知道)if you have already grown up? you may be a physical adult before you finish studying. some people may finish their growing at high school, while others are still growing after they 2 (离开)school. being an adult needs a long time. the more you experience, the faster you become an adult. 3 (甚至)when puberty(青春期)is over and you think you are a grown-up, youll still 4 (面对)some physical and relationship problems that you should 5 (处理)with. parents are very 6 (有帮助的)for your growing, but its not necessary for them to do everything for you. sometimes you might have your 7 (自己的)idea. what they should do is to make sure that you have all the information to make 8 (决定)yourself. of course you should do it in the right way. remember, caring parents and families are the best support you can have. 9 (不管怎样), wish you grow up healthily and happily! 【精析】1. wonderingwonder意为“想知道”, 后可接if引导的宾语从句。由前面的are可知此处需用wonder的现在分词形式wondering。 2. leave上文的while others are still growing提示, 此处需用一般现在时, 故填leave。 3. even“甚至”用even来表示, 此处用来加强语气, 强调事情的不寻常或出人意料。 4. face表示“面对困难/难题”需用动词face, 由前面的youll可知此处用动词原形face。 5. deal deal with意为“处理, 对付”, 为常用搭配。should后用动词原形。 6.helpful父母对你的成长是有帮助的(helpful), 但是他们没有必要为你做一切事情。 7. ownyour own idea意为“你自己的想法”, 其中own意为“自己的”。 8. decisionsmake a decision/make decisions意为“做决定”, 为常用搭配。 9. anyway/anyhow不管怎样, 祝你健康快乐地成长! anyway和anyhow均有“不管怎样, 无论如何”之意, 注意句子第一个单词的首字母要大写。 【命题特点】 汉语提示型短文填空是指在一篇短文中用汉语提示来代替选项的完形填空, 此类题型与根据汉语完成句子相似, 其命题目的主要在于考查单词拼写、词语运用、句子翻译、语篇理解等能力。做这类题目时不能仅仅依靠汉语提示, 必须结合文章大意, 利用文章的英语大意来正确理解所提供的汉语提示, 才能写出确切答案。 【解题技巧】 1. 越过空格, 通读全文 解答“根据汉语提示填空”此类试题时, 我们应该先越过空格, 通读全文, 通过我们掌握的基本常识和逻辑思维了解文章的大意, 理清文章的脉络, 同时还要注意某些与空格有关的关键信息, 为填写空格打好基础。 2. 火眼金睛, 识别汉语 通过表面汉语提示, 理解句子的真正含义, 由于英汉表达法的差别, 特别是相似词语的出现会给这类题目增加难度, 因此将汉语提示与语境及整个句子乃至段落相联系, 区别运用同义词。 3. 前后照应, 确定答案。 掌握了短文的大意, 答案就有了把握, 然后就要运用一定的技巧和前后信息, 确定正确的答案。那么这些技巧是什么呢? 根据句子的语法结构判断所填词是什么词性。 根据上下文判断所填写的单词用什么形式, 如动词涉及时态、语态、非谓语动词等; 形容词和副词涉及比较级等; 名词涉及单复数; 数词分基数词和序数词等。 注意同义词语、形容词与副词等之间的区别。 还要注意某些特殊的语法要求和结构。 4. 复读检验, 消除疏漏。 答案基本确定后, 我们还要再次阅读全文, 认真检查是否存在疏漏, 意义是否连贯, 语法是否正确, 是否符合逻辑, 是否存在拼写错误等。由于考试时间有限, 很多同学做题时比较快, 往往做完后不进行仔细检查, 于是会出现不应该发生的错误, 这样的丢分非常可惜。 模拟演练一根据短文内容及所给首字母提示, 补全英语单词, 使短文通顺。中国传统文化中的“马” the year of the horse began on january 1, 2014. the horse ranks(位列)the s1of all the animals in the chinese zodiac(生肖). and the horse is one of chinese peoples favorite a2. do you know what the horse represents in traditional chinese culture? in ancient china, horses meant good luck. horses provided safe and q3transportation for people before cars came into being. sometimes a horse was more of a friend than a way to t4. sitting on horseback at that time implied that a person was f5a noble or high-ranking family. whats more, ancient chinese didnt let horses do farm work. instead, all the farm work went to oxen. this was b6the chinese thought horses could help them win battles. therefore, to chinese people, the horse is not only a symbol of travelling, but also a symbol of success. the horse also plays an important role in the chinese traditional timing system. the“horse hour”from 11: 00 a. m. to 1: 00 p. m. , is c7wushi(午时). during such a period of time in a day, sunshine gives lots of h8and people have more energy. chinese people a9attach(赋予)some special meanings to people born in a year of the horse. for example, horses are social animals, so people born in a year of the horse are said to be f10. also, horse racing is still common around the world, partly because horses like to compete with each other. we have no reason not to like such a diligent(勤勉的)and hard-working animal. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 【精析】1.填seventh。由常识可知, 马在中国文化十二生肖中位列第七位, 此处填序数词seventh。2.填animals。马是一种动物(animal), 再由前面的one of. . . 可知此处需填animals。3.填quick。在汽车产生之前, 马应该是一种安全、快速的交通工具, 故填quick。4.填travel。上文提到马是人们旅行的工具, 此处表示马不仅是旅行的方式, 更多的是一个朋友。5.填from。be from意为“来自”。那时候骑在马背上暗示着这个人来自贵族或者地位高的家庭。6.填because。上文提到古人不让马干农活, 这里是原因: 古人认为马能帮助他们在战斗中获胜。7.填called。be called意为“被叫做, 被称为”, 上午11: 00到下午1: 00被称为“午时”。8.填heat。在午时这段时间, 太阳给的应该是许多“热量”, 故填heat。9.填also。由下文的描述可知, 人们也赋予了马年出生的人一些特殊的意义。also意为“也”。10.填friendly。马是一种社会性动物, 所以人们认为马年出生的人应该是友好的, 故填friendly。模拟演练二阅读短文内容, 用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空, 使短文意思通顺、完整。有两个词是多余的。carry, road, become, almost, accident, two,which, tall, whose, different, way, believe emmanuel jal is an african hip-hop(街舞)artist who has become well-known around the world. jal1that music can spread a message of peace. at the age of six or seven, jal2a soldier for the sudan peoples liberation army. he was made3a gun that was4than he was. for5five years, he fought in lots of wars. a british aid worker, emma mccune, saved him and took him home. she legally(合法地)made him her son. but emma died in an6soon after. emmanuel jal began singing. when he was in school in kenya, he fell in love with hip-hop. he said the music was an easy7to spread his message. his first cd was“gua”8meant“peace”in the language of sudan. the cd made him famous. his9album, “war child”, is about his experiences as a child soldier in sudan, and how he wants to make a10. emmanuel started an aid organization called gua africa. he performs around the world to raise money for it. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 【精析】1.填believes。动词believe意思是“相信”, 根据“前后时态一致”原则, 应用一般现在时态。2.填became。固定词组become a soldier意思是“成为一名战士, 参军”。3.填to carry。考查“be made to do sth. ”结构, 是被动语态。4.填taller。根据下文的than可知用比较级。5.填almost。副词almost意思是“差不多, 几乎, 将近”, 相当于nearly。6.填accident。此后不久emma在一次事故中丧生。7.填way。名词way意思是“方式”, 表示抽象意义, 其干扰选项road是指具体的“道路”。8.填which。关系代词which引导定语从句, 修饰“gua”一词。9.填second。根据上文的first可判断此处填序数词second, 意思是“第二的”。10.填difference。此处注意词形变化, difference意思是“不同”, 是different的名词形式。模拟演练三阅读短文, 选择方框中的词的适当形式填空。有两个词是多余的。they, because, record, modern, eat, habit,discuss, million, give, such, tradition, todayhave you ever seen a bite of china on tv? it has become a hot topic of1on the internet in china since its first shown on china central television(cctv). this tv program is a seven-episode(集)documentary series about2chinese food. according to world journal, the show has attracted more than one hundred3chinese audiences(观众). most of4dont see this program as an ordinary food show, 5it shows them the value and quality of chinese food, as well as the changes in society today. the audience are also6the chance to see how hard the cooks and farmers have to work to produce7wonderful chinese food. a bite of china makes chinese people think back to their cooking traditions, most of which have been forgotten in8busy life. chen xia