北京市海淀区高考英语 完形填空和阅理暑假自练（6）.doc

北京市海淀区2016届高考英语 完形填空和阅理暑假自练（6） 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。below is a selection from a popular science book.if blood is red，why are veins(静脉) blue? actually，veins are not blue at all.they are more of a clear，yellowish colour.although blood looks red when its outside the body，when its sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin，its more of a dark reddish purple colour.at the right depth，these bloodfilled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin，making them look blue by comparison.which works harder，your heart or your brain?that kind of depends on whether youre busy thinking or busy exercising.your heart works up to three times harder during exercise，and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.but，in the long run，your brain probably tips it，because even when youre sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart，and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.why do teeth fall out，and why dont they grow back in grownups?baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long；they fall out to make room for bigger，stronger adult teeth later on.adult teeth fall out when they become damaged，decayed and infected by bacteria.once this second set of teeth has grown in，youre done.when theyre gone，theyre gone.this is because nature figures youre set for life，and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.do old people shrink as they age?yes and no.many people do get shorter as they age.but，when they do，it isnt because theyre shrinking all over.they simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older.men lose an average of 34 cm in height as they age，while women may lose 5 cm or more.if you live to be 200 years old，would you keep shrinking till you were，like 60 cm tall，like a little boy again？no，because old people dont really shrink！it is not that they are growing backwardstheir legs，arms and backbones getting shorter.when they do get shorter，its because the spine has shortened a little.or，more often，become more bent and curved.why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)?because your brain gets confused between what youre seeing and what youre feeling.the brain senses that youre spinning using special gravityandmotionsensing organs in your inner ear，which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable.but，when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control，and your brain thinks youre moving while youre not!where do feelings and emotions come from?mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system.all mammals have this brain areafrom mice to dogs，cats，and humans.so all mammals feel basic emotions like fear，pain and pleasure.but since human feelings also involve other，newer bits of the brain，we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.if exercise wears you out，how can it be good for you?because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.and as far as your body is concerned，its “use it，or lose it”！its not that exercise makes you healthy；its more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.1what is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?ablue. blight yellow.cred. ddark reddish purple.解析细节理解题。根据第一个标题下的“.its more of a dark reddish purple colour.”可知答案。答案d。2why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?abecause their spine is in active use.bbecause they are more easily affected by gravity.cbecause they keep growing backwards.dbecause their spine becomes more bent.解析细节理解题。根据第四个标题下的“they simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)”可知，老年人变矮是因为脊柱收缩和弯曲造成的。答案d。3which of the following statements about our brain is true?ain the long run，our brain probably works harder than our heart.bwhen our brain senses the spinning，we will feel dizzy.cthe brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.dour feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.解析细节理解题。根据第二个标题下的第三句“but，in the long run，your brain.”可知答案为a项。此题最易误选b项，根据第五个标题下的最后一句可知，眩晕是由于 “你已经不动了，而你的大脑认为你还在动”的错觉引起的。答案a。4what is the main purpose of the selection?ato give advice on how to stay healthy.bto provide information about our body.cto challenge new findings in medical research.dto report the latest discoveries in medical science.解析写作意图题。考生易误选d项，但是在医学领域，概括失误。文章主要涉及我们身体的问题，包括身体的、情绪的等等。故选择b项较全面。答案b。【辽宁省葫芦岛市2014一模试题】完形填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。the measure of a mans real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.-thomas macaulayabout thirty years ago, i was studying in a public school in new york. one day, mrs nanette oneill gave a maths 41 to our class. when the papers were 42 she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the 43 mistakes throughout the test.there is nothing really new about 44 in exams. perhaps that was 45 mrs oneill didnt even say a word about it. she only asked the twelve boys to 46 after class. i was one of the twelve.mrs oneill asked 47 questions, and she didnt 48 us either. instead, she wrote on the blackboard the 49 words by thomas macaulay. she then ordered us tocopy these words into our exercise-books one hundred times.i dont know about the other eleven boys. speaking for 50 i can say: it was the most important single 51 of my life. thirty years after being introduced to macaulays words, they 52 seem to me the best yardstick (准绳), because they give us a 53 to measure ourselves rather than others. 54 of us are asked to make 55 decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle. but all of us are called 56 daily to make a great many personal decisions.shouldthe wallet, 57 in the street, be put into a pocketor 58 to the policeman? should the 59 change received at the store be forgotten or 60 ? nobody will know exceptyou. but you have to live with yourself, and it is alwaysbetter to live with someone you respect.41. a. paper b. question c. test d. problem 42. a.marked b. completed c. examined d. answered43. a. easy b.same c.funny d. serious44. a. lying b.discussing c. guessing d. cheating45. a. because b. when c. why d. how46. a. remain b. apologize c. come d. leave 47. a.many b. certain c.no d. more48. a. excuse b. reject c. help d. scold49. a. above b. common c. following d. unusual50. a.herself b. ourselves c. themselves d. myself51. a. chance b. incident c. lesson d. memory52. a.still b.even c. always d. almost53. a.reason b. sentence c. choice d. way54. a. all b. few c. some d. none55. a. quick b. wise c. great d. personal56. a. upon b. out c. for d. up 57. a. finding b. found c. find d. founded58. a. turned up b. turned on c. turned over d. turned back59. a. small b.extra c. some d. necessary60. a. paid b. remembered c. shared d. returned【参考答案】完形填空4145 cabdc 4650 acdad 5155 cadbc 5660 abcbd高考英语完形填空people do not analyse every problem they meet. they often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. ther times they begin to act without _1_；they try to find a solution by trial and error. however, when all of these methods _2_， the person with a problem has to start analysing. there are six _3_ in analysing a problem.first, the person must recognize that there is a problem. for example, sams bicycle is broken. sam must _4_ that there is a problem with his bicycle. next the person must _5_ the problem. before sam can repairhis bicycle, he must know why it does not work. he must _6_ the parts that are wrong.now the person must look for _7_ that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. suppose sam _8_ that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes._9_， he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes or talk to his friends at the bike shop.after _10_ the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution, which might be: tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change the old ones.in the end, one _11_ seems to be the solution to the problem. sometimes the final idea comes quite _12_ because the thinker suddenly sees something in a _13_ way. sam suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum stuck to a brake. he immediately hits on the solution to his problem: he must _14_ the brake. finally the solution is _15_. sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly. in short he has solved the problem.()1.a.practice bthinking cunderstanding dhelp()2.a.fail bwork cchange ddevelop()3.a.ways bconditions cstages dorders()4.a.explain bprove cshow dsee()5.a.judge bfind cdescribe dface()6.a.check bdetermine ccorrect drecover()7.a.answers bskills cexplanation dinformation()8.a.hopes bargues cdecides dsuggests()9.a.in other words bonce in a while cfirst of all dat this time()10.a.discussing bsettling down ccomparing with dstudying ()11.a.suggestion bconclusion cdecision ddiscovery()12.a.unexpectedly blate cclearly doften()13.a.simple bdifferent cquick dsudden()14.a.clean bseparate cloosen dremove()15.a.recorded bcompleted ctested daccepted【解析】本文是一篇说明文，通过举例说明了解决问题的六大步骤。文章浅显易懂，逻辑性强。1bwithout thinking意为“不假思索”。2a从上下句的关系看，它们是转折关系。当这些方法都失败后人们就会开始分析。3c此处stage的意思是“步骤”。分析问题有六个步骤。4d此处see在这句话中意为“明白”。当sam的自行车不能正常使用时，他应该明白自行车出了毛病。5b要解决问题，当然要找到问题所在。6bdetermine意为“测定，找出”，与find out意思相同。7d根据下文sam所做的事情可知，要了解问题的相关信息才能修理，所以选information。 8c结合逻辑在修自行车之前，要先“确定”是自行车的哪个部件出了问题。9d当sam的自行车闸出了问题之后，这时他就可以进一步采取措施了。at this time意为“这时”；in other words意为“换句话说”； once in a while意为“偶尔”；first of all意为“首先”。由句意及上下文可知选d。10d研究了问题后(人们)就可能提出一些解决建议。此处study不仅有“学习”的意思，还有“研究”的意思。11a其中一个建议会解决问题。根据上文可知选a。12a由下文suddenly可知。13b因为想解决问题的人突然发现了一些东西，直接就找到了症结所在，而这种方法与上文所述是不同的。14a去掉口香糖的方法是清理车闸。15c只有经过检验，才能证明解决问题的方法的正确性。阅读理解。we know the famous onesthe thomas edisons and the alexander graham bellsbut what about the less famous inventors? what about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)？shouldnt we know who they are?joan mclean thinks so. in fact, mclean, a professor of physics at mountain university in range, feels so strongly about this matter that shes developed a course on the topic. in addition to learning “who”invented“what”， however, mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the“why” and “how” questions. according to mclean，“when students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”her students agree. one young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of mcleans statement. “if i had not heard the story of the windshield wipers invention，”said tommy lee, a senior physics major，“i never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.”lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.so, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? well，mary anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to new york city.the day was cold and stormy, but anderson still wanted to see the sights，so she jumped aboard a streetcar. noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield，she found herself wondering why there couldnt be a builtin device for cleaning the window. still wondering about this when she returned home to birmingham, alabama, anderson started drafting out solutions. one of her ideas, a lever(操作杆)on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper.today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. its hard to imagine driving without garrett amorgans traffic light. its equally impossible to picture a world without katherine jblodgetts innovation that makes glass invisible. can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?大发明家与重要的发明固然令人振奋，但生活中也离不开小发明，本篇文章鼓励年轻人要善于把握发明的契机。9by mentioning “traffic light”and “windshield wiper”，the author indicates that countless inventions are_.a. beneficial，because their inventors are famousb. beneficial，though their inventors are less famousc. not useful, because their inventors are less famousd. not useful, though their inventors are famous答案：b。细节理解题。由文章最后一段，特别是第一句“today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.”可知信号灯和雨刮器等这些小的发明使