北京市第四中学八年级英语上册 Unit 1 How often do you rcise学案（无答案） 人教新目标版.doc

unit 1 how often do you exercise?词句精讲精练词汇精讲1. always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever和never【高清课堂：unit 1 how often do you exercise?adverbs of frequency频度副词】always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever和never是英语中最常见的频度副词。(1) always 的频度为100%，表示动作重复、状态继续，中间没有间断，意思是“总是”、“永远地”。例如：the sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳总是东升西落。(2) usually 的频度为70%左右，意为“通常”、“平常”，即很少有例外。例如：he usually goes to bed at ten oclock. 他通常10点钟睡觉。(3) often 的频度为50%左右，意为“常常”，但不如usually那么频繁，表示动作重复，中间有间断。例如：he is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。 (4) sometimes 的频度为20%左右，意为“有时”，表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首，以示强调。例如：it is sometimes hot and sometimes cold. 天气忽冷忽热。sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way. 他有时这样做，有时那样做。(5) hardly ever 的频度为5%左右，意为“几乎不”、“偶尔”。例如：i hardly ever go out these days. 这些天我几乎不出门。(6) never 的频度为0，意为“从来不”、“永不”。 例如：my parents are never late for work. 我父母上班从来不迟到。【拓展1】这些副词在句子中的位置基本相同，一般放在助动词、be动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。即：“行”前“助(系)”后。例如：peter is always late for school. peter上学总是迟到。i usually do my homework in the evening. 我通常在晚上做作业。【拓展2】hardly和hardhardly和hard形式上很接近，但意义截然不同。1) hard作形容词时，意为“困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的”。hard作副词时常用来表示程度，意为“努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地”。例如：this ground is too hard to dig. 这块地太硬，挖不动。they tried hard to succeed. 他们努力工作，以求得成功。2) hardly是表频率的副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，相当于almost not。例如：there is hardly any coffee left.= theres almost no coffee left. 几乎没有剩余的咖啡了。【拓展3】sometimes, sometime, some time和some times单词词义用法sometimes有时用于一般现在时和一般过去时中sometime某时用于一般将来时或一般过去时中some time一段时间可用于多种时态some times几次，几倍表示次数或倍数he was sometimes late for school. 他有时上学迟到。he came here sometime. 他某个时候来过这里。he will stay there for some time. 他将在那里待一段时间。she came home some times. 她回了几次家。2. exercise (1)作不及物动词，意为“锻炼、运动”。例如： how often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次？ i exercise every day. 我每天都锻炼。 (2) 作不可数名词，意为“锻炼、运动”，常与动词take连用。例如：exercise makes me keep healthy. 运动使我保持健康。(3)作可数名词，意为“练习；操”。例如：we do morning exercises every day. 我们每天做早操。we do english exercises to help us learn english well. 我们做英语练习以便学好英语。3. most most表示“大部分，多半”的意思。例如：most children like playing computer games. 大部分孩子喜欢电脑游戏。【拓展】most与most of 的区别：(1) most后可直接跟名词(可数或不可数)，同时，也可接有形容词修饰的名词。例如：most boys like playing football. 大部分男孩都喜欢踢足球。i always spend most time learning english. 我总是花大部分时间学习英语。(2) most后不能直接跟有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词所修饰的名词，遇到这些情况用most of 代替most。例如：i spent most of my time learning to play the piano last year. 去年我把大部分时间都花在学弹钢琴上了。i did most of that difficult work. 那件困难的工作绝大部分都是由我做的。(3) most of 后跟人称代词时，应用复数形式的人称代词宾格。例如：most of them are going off to guangzhou next week.他们中的多数人都准备下星期去广州。(4) most 前有定冠词时，可用来修饰多音节形容词，表示最高级，意为“最”。 例如：this is the most beautiful flower. 这是最漂亮的花。但是，如果most前有不定冠词a，则表示“非常；很”，相当于very。例如：she is a most beautiful girl. 她是个非常漂亮的姑娘。4. no no是形容词，意为“无，没有”，一般用作定语，后接可数名词或不可数名词。例如： i have no friends. 我没有朋友。 【拓展1】 no常用于省略句中，表示“不许，不可，不要”。例如： no smoking! 不要抽烟。 no photos! 禁止拍照！ 【拓展2】no和not (1) no可单独使用，回答一般疑问句，而not则不能单独使用。例如： can i come? 我能来吗？ no, you cant. 不，你不能。(2) no作形容词，其后可接单数、复数或不可数名词，而not是副词，常用来修饰谓语动词或形容词和副词等，故no相当于not a/an或not any5. healthhealth为名词，意为“健康”，其形容形式为healthy，意为“健康的”。在名词词尾加y构成形容词，类似的词还有：rainrainy 雨下雨的 sunsunny 太阳晴朗的 lucklucky 幸运幸运的 windwindy 风刮风的6. shopshop可用作动词，意为“购物”，也可用go shopping“去购物”或do some shopping。【拓展】go swimming去游泳 go skating去滑冰 go fishing去钓鱼 go boating去划船do some reading阅读 do some washing洗涮 do some cooking做饭 do some swimming游泳 do some speaking多说 do some listening多听7. once a week/ twice a weekonce“一次”，twice“两次”，在英语中三次或三次以上通常用“基数词+times”表示，time在这里为可数名词，意为“次数”，复数加s。例如：i wash my face twice a day. 我每天洗两次脸。he has been there four times. 他去过那里四次。8. how oftenhow often意为“多久一次”，常用于对时间频率的提问。例如：how often do you watch tv? 你多久看一次电视？how often do your parents visit your grandparents? 你的父母多久看一次你的祖父母？【拓展】词语词义用法答语特征how long多久询问时间多久for/about+一段时间how often多久一次询问动作的频率often, twice a week等how soon多快，过多久询问时间多快in+ 一段时间how far多远询问距离多远ten minutes walkhow many多少询问可数名词数量数词+可数名词复数how much多少询问不可数名词数量数词+表示量的词+不可数名词多少钱询问价格数词+钱9. look afterlook after意为“照顾，照看”，相当于take care of。例如：my father is ill, so i have to look after him at home. 我父亲病了，所以我得在家照顾他。she is old enough to look after herself. 她长大了，能够照顾自己了。【拓展】look at=have a look at看 look over检查 look up（在字典等）查找look for寻找 look forward to期待，盼望 look around环顾词汇精练一、选词填空。how often, how long, how far, how soon, how much1. _ do you usually watch tv? about twice a week.2. _ is the yellow river? about 5,464 kilometers.3. _ is your home from here? about twenty minutes walk.4. _ can we get there? in five minutes.5. _ are these books? ten dollars each.no, not6. there is _ water in the bottle.7. he is _ always so happy.8. there is _ any milk in the glass.health, healthy, healthily, unhealthy9. the old man is very _.10. vegetables are _ food.11. we should eat _.12. eating more fruit is good for your _.13. i am _ because i hardly ever exercise.二、英汉互译。1. 去滑冰_ 2. 去游泳_3. do some cooking _ 4. look forward to _5. look over_三、用括号中单词的正确形式填空。1. though he has studied _(hard) at english for a long time, he can still _(hard) speak the language. 2. _(sometime) i get a letter from him.3. youd better do morning _(exercise) every day. its good to have lots of _(exercise).4. _(most) the students like reading the story.5. what are you doing? im _ (look) up the word in the dictionary.6. we should try _(learn) english well.7. the dish tastes terrible. you can try _(put) some salt into it.8. her eating habits help her keep _(health).9. his lifestyle is _(difference) from mine.10. our english teacher wants us _(read) english books every day. 四、用good的相关短语填空。1. he is good _ drawing.2. she is good _ the old woman.3. milk is good _ children.4. its good _ you to help me.5. the young lady is good _ children, so all of them like her very much.【参考答案】一、选词填空。1. how often 2. how long 3. how far 4. how soon 5. how much6. no 7. not 8. not 9. healthy/unhealthy 10. healthy 11. healthily 12. health 13. unhealthy二、英汉互译。1. go skating 2. go swimming 3. 做饭 4. 期待，盼望 5. 检查三、用括号中单词的正确形式填空。1. hard; hardly 2. sometimes 3. exercises, exercise 4. most of 5. looking 6. to learn 7. putting 8. healthy 9. different 10. to read四、用good的相关短语填空。1. at 2. to 3. for 4. of 5. with /to 句式精讲1. want to do sth.want to do sth.意为“想要某人做某事”。want的用法还有：want sth.想要什么want to do sth.想要做某事 例如：she wants a cup of tea. 她想要一杯茶。they want to go home. 他们想要回家。he wants me to help him. 他想要我帮他。【拓展】want后接动词不定式时，相当于would like。want (sb.) to do sth.=would like (sb.) to do sth.2. be good forbe good for意为“对有好处，对有益处”，介词for后接名词或代词。其反义词为be bad for，意为“对有害处”。例如： junk food is not good for our health. 垃圾食品对我们的健康没有好处。 smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。【拓展】(1) be good to“对好”，其反义短语为be bad to“对不好”。介词to之后一般接表示人的名词或代词。例如：she is very good to us. 她对我们很好。the boss is bad to his workers.那个老板对他的工人不好。(2) be good at“在方面擅长”，介词at后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，同义短语为do well in。例如：she is good at english and chinese. = she does well in english and chinese. 她擅长英语和汉语。(3) be good with“和相处得好；擅于和相处”。例如： are you good with children?你和孩子们相处得好吗？3. try to do sth.try为动词，意为“试图；设法；努力”。指付出一定努力去做某事。用法如下： try (not) to do sth.努力（不）做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事try out实验 try on试穿（鞋、衣服等） try ones best to do sth.尽某人最大努力去干例如： i try to answer the question.我尽力回答这个问题。 he tried swimming across the river.他试着游过河去。 she is trying on a new dress. 她正在试穿一件新连衣裙。we should try our best to study english well. 我们应尽我们最大努力学好英语。【拓展】try作名词，意为“尝试；试图”。例如： let me have a try.让我试一试。4. help sb. to do sth. help sb. to do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。此句型也可以说成：help sb. do sth.。例如： he helps me to learn english.= he helps me learn english. 他帮助我学习英语。【拓展】 1) help sb. with sth.在某事上帮助某人 例如：my maths teacher helps me with my maths. 我的数学老师在数学上帮助我。2) help 也可以作名词，作名词时常用于下列短语：with ones help= with the help of 在的帮助下 例如： with marys help, i made rapid progress in english learning. = with the help of mary, i made rapid progress in english learning. 在mary的帮助下，我在英语学习方面进步很快。5. the same as/ be different fromthe same as意为“和一样/相同” 例如：i am in the same school as my younger sister. 我和我的妹妹在同一所学校。 be different from意为“与不同” 例如： saying a thing is very different from doing it. 说一件事和做一件事很不相同。6. keep in good health keep in good health意为“保持健康” 例如： if you want to keep in good health, you should eat more fruit and vegetables. 如果你想保持健康，你应该多吃水果和蔬菜。【拓展】 1) keep是动词，意为“保持（持续的）状态”，其后常跟形容词、副词、介词短语或动词的-ing形式。 keep doing sth. 继续做某事 keep (sb. / sth.) + 形容词 （使某人）保持某种状态 keep sb./sth. + 介词短语 使处于某种状态 keep sb. / sth. from doing sth.阻止，保护不受 keep on doing sth.反复做某事you should keep quiet. 你们应该保持安静。he keeps at home because it is hot. 他一直待在家里，因为天气太热了。 2) keep的相关短语： keep up with赶上 keep a shop 开商店 keep an eye on照看句式精练一、句型转换。1. i sometimes read storybooks at home. (对划线部分提问) _ _ do you read storybooks at home?2. my sister watches tv twice a week. (对划线部分提问)_ _ _ your sister watch tv?3. i exercise two hours a day. (对划线部分提问)_ _ _ do you exercise a day?4. she eats junk food once a week. (对划线部分提问)_ _ _ does she eat junk food a week?5. i will be back in a month. (对划线部分提问)_ _ will you be back?二、根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。1. 你必须尽量少吃垃圾食品。you must _ _ _ less junk food.2. 吃大量蔬菜有助于保持健康。eating a lot of vegetables _ you _ in good health.3. 他说多锻炼对健康有好处。he says more exercise _ _ _ health.4. 我的新mp3和betty的一模一样。 my new mp3 is _ _ _ bettys.5. 如果你想要保持健康，就应该少吃肉。if