北京聚智堂培训学校高中英语 Unit1 Friendship词汇讲义(1).doc

friendship词汇学习教学目的1. 掌握英语单词构词法2. 掌握m1u1重点单词与短语 3. 初高中英语学习的不同及应对措施教学内容课堂导入what do you think of english learning? 本节重难点1、英语单词构词基础及词汇记忆。2、高中英语词汇记忆方法及思路，必修1（unit1）。3、初高中英语学习侧重点的不同与应对措施。新课讲解英语单词构词法及词汇记忆英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法.1. 合成法outdoors，highway, suitcase, handwriting, typewriter,reading-room, outbreak, afternoon2.派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。appear出现disappear消失internet互联网reuse再用subway地铁differ不同于difference区别write写writer作家japan日本japanese日本人act表演actress女演员actormusic音乐musician音乐家widewiden加宽beautybeautify美化nature自然natural自然的reason道理reasonable有道理的snow雪snowy雪的angry生气的angrily生气地3. 转化法英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。lets go out for a walk. please hand me the book. we will try our best to better our living conditions.you should be dressed in black at the funeral. the old in our village are living a happy life. 4.截短法(缩略法)截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。1)截头telephonephoneaeroplaneplaneomnibusbus2)去尾mathematicsmathsco-operateco-opexaminationexamkilogramkilolaboratorylabtaxicabtaxi3)截头去尾influenzaflurefrigeratorfridge5.混合法(混成法)混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。news broadcastnewscast新闻广播television broadcasttelecast电视播送smoke and fogsmog烟雾helicopter airportheliport直升飞机场6.首尾字母缩略法首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词的读音。 very important personvip (读字母音)要人；大人物 televisiontv (读字母音)电视testing of english as a foreign languagetoefl托福记忆词汇还可采用联想法，举一反三记忆法等。 除了记忆单词的拼写外，还要注意它们的发音，词性及用法。m1u1 词汇记忆1upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.使不安；使心烦 _ adj. 令人心烦意乱的2ignore vt.不理睬；忽视 n愚昧 adj.无知的；粗鲁的3calm vt. & vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定 adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的4concern vt. & n(使)担忧；涉及；关系到；担心；关注；(利害)关系 concerned adj.担忧的concerning prep.关于5loose adj.松的；松开的6series n连续；系列7outdoors adv.在户外；在野外 outdoor adj.户外的8entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的9power n能力；力量；权力 adj.有权势的10settle vi.安家；定居；停留vt.使安居；安排；解决 settlement n安居；定居11suffer vt. &vt.遭受；忍受；经历 12recover vi. &vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得recovery n痊愈13pack vi. &vt.捆扎；包装；打行李 n小包；包裹14exactly adv.确实如此；正是；确切地 adj.精确的 not exactly不完全是；不完全如此；不全对15disagree vi.不同意 n 反义词16. grateful adj. 感激的，表示感谢的17. tip n. 提示，技巧； vt. 倾斜，翻倒18teenager n. 十几岁的青少年oh, my god! so many phases to remember!重点短语1add up合计 add up to_ addto_ add to_2calm down 平静下来；镇定下来3have got to 不得不，必须=have to4be concerned about/for 关心，挂念 be concerned with/in“关于5go through 经历；经受; 仔细检查；用完，耗尽6set down 放下；记下；登记7a series of 一连串的；一系列的8on purpose 故意-by chance/by accident 偶然9in order to do 为了(用于句首,句中) so as to do(不用于句首) in order that/so that+句子10at dusk 在黄昏时刻- at dawn 在黎明11face to face 面对面12no longer/not any longer 不再13suffer from 遭受；患病14get/be tired of 对厌烦 be tired from_15pack (sth.) up 将(东西)装箱打包16get along/on with 与相处；进展17fall in love 相爱；爱上18join in 参加；加入+活动 take part in_ join _ attend_19. be grateful to sb. for sth. _ friendship do you have many good friends? what qualities(品质) should a good friend have? true friendship is like sound health; the value of it is seldom known until it is lost. a friend in need is a friend indeed. are you good to your friends? do the following survey. add up your score and see how many points you get.长难句分析1 your friend comes to school very upset. 你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。upset 在这里为adj.作主语补足语，用来补充形容主语your friend来学校时的心情。 e.g. he went to bed _(既冷又饿) he died _(young). he was found _(die) 2 while walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.walking是v-ing形式做状语，其逻辑主语为_, 且与主语构成主动关系。如构成被动关系则用_ while _(cross) the street, you should be careful. when _(laugh at), he wants to cry. _ (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. _ (translate) into english, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.3. when he/she borrowed it last time, he/she broke it and you had to pay to get it repaired. get sth. done i have to get my hair cut. he got the work finished before 5 oclock. get sb to do sth.=_=_=_ get + adj. get ready.4. you will tell him/her that he /she should have studied, so you dont let him/her look at your paper. should/ought to have done_ i should have finished my homework, but my friend called me to help her do her homework.you ought to （should） have been more careful in this experiment. 情态动词+ have +过去分词 1）must have done_-linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. 琳达已经去上班了，但她的单车还在这儿。-she must have gone by bus.肯定乘巴士去的。2) can have done(用于疑问句)_ can he have gone to his aunts? could have done _you could have passed the exam, but you didnt work hard.3)cannot/could not have done _he cannot have forgotten it./ i couldnt have finished my homework.4)may/might have done_ its too late. i think he may have gone to bed.5）ought to/ should have done sth_ you ought to （should） have been more careful in this experiment.6) shouldnt/ ought not to have done. _he ought not to have thrown the old clothes away. ought to 在语气上比should 要强。7）neednt have done sth_ i dressed very warmly for the trip, but i neednt have done so. the weather was hot.8）would like to have done sth _i would like to have read the article, but i was very busy then. 我想读这篇文章，但太忙了一直没读。9) would have done_ i would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me.例题检验1. tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. a. have told b. tell c. be telling d. having told2. i _ sooner but i didnt know that they were waiting for me.a. had come b. was coming c. would come d. would have come3. i left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to the railway officials. how unbelievable to get it back! i mean, someone_ it.a. will have stolen b. might have stolen c. should have stolen d. must have stolen4. pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.i_ it, but i was busy preparing for a job interview.a. attended b. had attended c. would attend d. would have attended5. i was really anxious about you. you _ home without a word. a. mustnt leave b. shouldnt have left c. couldnt have left d. neednt leave6. the children lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.a. must have got b. must get c. should have got d. should get7. i _ myself moreit was a perfect day.a. shouldnt have enjoyed b. neednt have enjoyed c. wouldnt have enjoyed d. couldnt have enjoyed初高中英语学习侧重点的不同： 1.环境和心理的变化。高一新生都是经过中考选拔从不同的学校来到一个全新的环境新校园、新老师、新同学、新集体、新教材、新的规章制度需要适应，学生难免会产生新奇感、茫然感、孤独感和疏离感，从而影响正常的学习与生活。另外，学生的心理也发生了变化，有的同学在初中是尖子生，备受老师的关注，然而经过选拔，来到高中比自己优秀的同学多了，难免有些失落；有的学生经过中考前突击，考取自己理想的高中后，产生了放松的想法，入学后无紧迫感；还有些同学由于初中英语基础不牢固，对高中英语产生畏惧心理。2.教材跨度大。初中阶段要求掌握1500-1600个单词和200-300个习惯用语及固定搭配，了解常用语言形式的基本结构和基本的语法知识。而升入高中后，高中教材内容丰富，知识容量大，并在初中的基础上注入了大量的语法点、知识点，使句子结构更为复杂，同时侧重提高阅读能力且加大词汇量和阅读材料的份量，而且内容涉及文学、教育、天文、科技、金融、电脑网络等诸方面。3.初高中英语教法和学法都存在差异初中英语学习内容比较简单、浅显，侧重于语言，形象直观，知识单一，题型简单，课时充足，考试也重点考查基础知识，教师在教学时只要抓好课堂时间进行充分练习，反复检查，学生就能学好；而高中英语内容较多，知识综合性强，考试形式和范围都以高考为标准，要求学生勤于思考，善于归纳总结，学会自主学习，利用课余时间充分发挥自己的积极性、主动性，与其他同学研究探讨，借助词典、参考书等工具来解决大部分的问题。面对不同如何应对？1. 制定计划, 学会自学。2. 立足课本，熟记所有应掌握的词汇、短语、句式和经典篇章。3. 使用工具书的习惯。4复习，预习的习惯。 5养成朗读背诵的习惯。限时检测 i.语音辨析1. upset a. recover b. student c. series d. settle2. exactly a. example b. express c. exercise d. excuse3. pack a. swap b. add c. disagree d. grateful4. overcoat a. lonely b. concern c. recover d. join5. daily a. bargain b. said c. curtain d. explainii. 单项选择1.-look! the telephone is broken. someone damaged it _ purpose. -that may be right. but perhaps it was broken _ accident. a. on; by b. by; by c. on; on d. by; on2 catch the first bus, he got up very early this morning. a. in order to b. in order that c. so as to d. so that3. there is no _ swimming-pool in this school and the students often go to swim _. a. indoors; outdoors b. indoor; outdoor c. indoor; outdoors d. indoor; indoors4in order to solve the problem as soon as possible，they had a _ discussion.aface to face bfaces to face cfaces to faces dfaces to faces5i arrived half an hour earlier _ i had time to talk with him before the meeting.aas soon as bas a result cin order to dso that6. shes all alone here，and it seems rather unkind to _her.amiss btip cignore dswap8whats the matter with rod? i think hes still_that we forgot his birthday.aexcited bloose cupset dglad9. i dont think she is a nice woman；i am_her empty talk.agrateful forbtired of ccrazy about dconcerned about10i used to quarrel a lot with my parents，but now we_fine.alook out bstay up ccarry on dget along11as a teacher he should encourage his students to_the class discussion actively.atake part bjoin cjoin in denter12the woman doctor devoted herself _to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.astrongly bextremely centirely dfreely13my grandfather spends most of his time _because he loves nature.aoutdoor boutdoors cindoor dindoors14we can communicate_people in every part of the world _the internet.awith；with bwith；through cthrough；through dthrough；with15i often _him for advice on my work and he is always willing to _me some.agive；ask bask；give cask；take dgive；give反思与小结1. 你记住了哪些单词和短语？！2. 英语单词应怎样去记忆？今天的作业！are you ready!作业布置 i. 记忆m1u1 词汇.ii. 单词拼写1you should not i_your mistakes if you want to make greater progress.2life is made up of a s_of choices. when you choose a different choice，you will have a different way.3children should spend more time taking exercise o_ and less time watching tv at home.4what_(使心烦) me was not what he said but the way he said it.5when he travels with his friends，his mother is always_(关心的)about his safety.6try not to begin judging anything about the idea until you have understood it_(完全地).7at first i d_with his suggestion，but later i changed my mind and agreed.8im really g_ for everything youve done for me.9belinda knows japan really well. perhaps she could give us a few t_.10i think_(十几岁的青少年)have similar tastes in dress.11within a few days mary had become seriously ill，_(遭受)great pain.12to tell the truth，thats _(确切地) what i wanted. 13after a few days of fever，he began to _(恢复).14he didnt pass the exam，so he looked very_(心烦意乱的). iii.完成句子1i _ _ the students papers last night.昨天晚上我仔细阅读了学生们的试卷。2why not _ _ our discussion?为什么不加入我们的讨论呢？3we are all _ _ her safety.我们大家都很担心她的安全。4they _ _ _ _ each other at first sight.他们一见钟情。5i need to find a chance to have a talk with my parents _ _ _.我需要找一个机会与父母面对面地谈一下。iv.单项选择1 i am slowly _ my strength after the flu.arecovering bcovering creserving drescuing2the two sides have finally _，though some small differences still exist.amade a decision breached an agreement csettled down dbroken up3. she devoted herself _ to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.astrongly bfreely centirely dextremely4 the meeting was concerned _ reforms and everyone present was concerned _ their own interests.awith；for bwith；with cfor；about dabout；with5 we were surprised by what the little girl _ after she was cheated and sold to the mountain village.agot through bwent through clived up to dwent against6alien had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.amuch too heavy btoo much heavy cheavy too much dtoo heavy much7 the girl _ to go with us rather than stay at home.aenjoys bprefers clikes dwould8did he break it accidentally?no，_.aby himself bby chance con purpose dby mistake9 that year his total income，with his reward _，_ 12,000 yuan.aadded to；added up to badded；added tocadded up to；added dadds to；adds up to10the reporter has written _ articles about air pollution hoping to call the attention of all people to the problem.aa series of ba great deal of ca plenty of da large amount of it was sunday afternoon. my brother and i were alone at home. my parents went out. i was doing my homework while my younger brother was watching tv. suddenly the doorbell rang. ding-dong! my brother thought that it was our parents, so he opened the 1 quickly.a tall man wearing a black raincoat stood outside. he said that he came to sell books and asked politely if our parents were at home.without thinking, my brother said, “no.” then the man asked if we would like to 2 some story books. i refused him. when i wanted to close the door, he suddenly pushed the door very hard and came into our house. he took out a 3 and ordered me to tie up my brothers hands with a rope(绳子). i tied up his hands in a special way so my brother could untie（解开）4 easily. the man then tied my hands up and locked 5 of us in the kitchen. soon, he went upstairs to 6 money. i taught my brother to untie the rope on his hands. he then untied me. i rushed to the telephone to call the police, 7 the line was dead. the doors were all locked from the outside. it was lucky that the man forgot to lock the kitchen window. we got out of the house through the kitchen window and to the 8 pay phone to call the police.soon 9 came to our house and the man was caught. by that time, my parents had come home. we told them the whole story. my parents were 10 that we were not hurt. they told me that i should stop my brother from opening the door to strangers. i learnt a lesson on safety.1. a. window b. door c. book2. a. lend b. sell c. buy3. a. book b. knife c. gift4. a. himself b. myself c. herself5. a. all b. neither c. both6. a. look for b. look at c. look after7. a. and b. so c. but8. a. farthest b. nearest c. largest9. a. my friends b. the neighbors c. the police10. a. glad b. angry c. sad there are three different kinds of friends in our life. i classify (分类) them according to how well i know them and how well they know me. the first type of friend is just an acquaintance (熟人).this means that you only know their name. you might not even remember what they look like if you go away for a short vacation. you dont miss them when they are elsewhere. it is also this type of friend who gives you the most amount of aggravation (恼怒). since most of the time you are placed in a position where you have to act friendly. you would not normally tell an acquaintance when he or she is doing something that makes you feel angry，such as tapping the fingers on a table or shouting loudly. i call them “pest friends”.the second kind of friend is a “guest friend”.they are just social partners. you meet them at a certain location and at the end of the meeting you go your separate way and they go theirs. you dont talk too often with this sort of friend，and you dont share each others secrets. lastly，we have “best friends”.this sort of friend is there when you need them. they know you as a person and they are there through thick and thin. best friends are the ones that you can lean and depend on no matter what happens. if you need a listening ear，they will be the one to lend support.friends come in all different shapes and sizes. every friend has an impact on our life.1what is this passage mainly about?awhat a true friend is like. bthree kinds of friends in our life.cthe role that friends play in our life. dwhy there are different kinds of friends.2according to the writer，when a friend of the first type acts in an annoying way，you _.acan tell him/her about it directly bshould stay away from him/hercshould advise him/her to correct his/her behavior dmay find it hard to tell him/her not to do so3which of the following statements is wrong about the second type of friend?athey are only social partners. byou dont talk very often