中考英语专题复习 阅读.doc

阅读一、阅读理解解题总要领：1、仔细审清题干，抓住关键词。2、 通过关键词找到相关句子或段落。3、对比分析选择答案。二、 各种类型文章分析（一）政治经济类阅读：该类文章时代气息浓郁，语言鲜活，但熟字新义词、超纲词及专业词语多，长句、难句多。政治类文章大多数是同学们感性趣的内容，读起来倒有似曾相识的感觉，经济类文章读起来就像是雾里看花，文章看完，一头雾水。再加之这类文章的命题侧重于词义猜测、推理判断和文章主旨，同学们对这类题材是望而生畏。1、政治经济类阅读注意：（1）、要做好这类阅读，平时就要注意了解国内外发生的政治经济大事，掌握一定背景知识； （2）、对这类文章的叙述特点及内容安排有一定了解，还要扩展这方面的词汇；（3）、阅读这类文章，要抓住文章的核心，即文章整体和各段主要在说什么，也要注意段落之间的逻辑关系。 2、政治经济类阅读技巧：针对不同体裁的文章，我们要采取相应的阅读方法和技巧。政治类文章多采用记叙文形式，我们可采取“顺读法”，以便抓关键语句，领会文章主旨；而经济类文章则多采用说明文形式，我们则可以采取“逆读法”，先读试题，再从文章中查找有用信息。若遇到的确难读的材料。（1）、寻找主干： 根据英语中五种基本句型结构，把句子中的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等主要成分找出来，其他成分如定语、状语、补语等则易于理解。找到了句子主干，句子的意思至少明白了一半。（2）、剔除从句： 在一个长句中可能会出现若干个从句，在理解时，如果把各个从句剔除出来单独理解，然后把大意拼凑起来，整个长句的意思就会明白六、七分。（3）、辨别分句： 一个长句如果是由几个并列、转折、递进、对比关系的分句组成，句中往往有表示这些分句关系的连接词，只要能弄清楚分句和分句之间的逻辑关系，再把各层分句的意思加以连贯，整个长句的句意基本上能跃然脑中。（4）、寻找关键词： 如果一个句子看完，一点句意的感觉也没有，下下策就是抓住句中的关键词，通过关键词大体弄懂这个长句的意思。请看下文完成1至5题。a films in feiyang cinema this weeka world without tyhieves chinese film (2004) dircected (导演) by feng xiaogang mainly acted by liu dehua, liu ruoying,ge you,li bingbing from monday to wednesday, at 8 : 00 p. m. ticket price:rmb￥35kungfuhustle chinese hong kong film (2004) directed by zhou xingchi mainly acted by zhou xingchi,yuan hua, liang xiaolong from wednesday to friday, at 8 : 00 p. m. ticket price:rmb￥40happy potter (iii) american film (2004) directed by alfonso cuaron mainly acted by daniel radcliffe, rupert grint. emma waston from friday tosunday,at 7 : 30 p. m. ticket price: rmb￥30 (half on sunday for children) troy american film (2004) directed by wolfgang peters-en mainly acted byjulian glover, brian cox, nathan jones, adoni maropis from tuesday to thursday, at 8 : 00 p. m. ticket price:rmb￥451. you can see_foreign films in feiyang cinema this week.a. one b. two c. three d. four2. if you want to see the film which was directed by feng xiaogang, go to the cinema on_.a. monday b. thursday c. friday d. saturday3 children can pay only _ when they want to see a film on sunday.a. ￥5 b. ￥10 c. ￥15 d. ￥204. you can see the film_on saturday.a. troy b. harry potter c. a world without thieves d. kungfu hustle5. which of the following is true?a. all the films start after 8 oclock in the evening.b. the ticket price of the four films is the same.c. liu dehua acted in the film a world without tyhievesd. the four films were released (发行) in the same year.答案解析：1题:根据海报我们可以看到两部外国电影美国电影哈利波特【happy potter (iii) american film (2004)】和特洛伊【troy american film (2004)】，故选b。2题:根据海报可知冯小刚导演的电影在星期一到星期三上演【 from monday to wednesday, at 8 : 00 p. m.】，故选a。3题:根据【sunday,at 7 : 30 p. m. ticket price: rmb30 (half on sunday for children)30/2=15】，故选c。4题:根据第三个海报【from friday to sunday,at 7 : 30 p. m.】可指星期六上演的电影为哈利波特，故选b。5题:根据第一则海报【mainly acted by liu dehua, liu ruoying,ge you,li bingbing】描述，可知选c。（二）健康环保类阅读：本类型主要是围绕饮食健康、医疗卫生及环境保护等方选取实际的材料来设题。体裁有记叙文、说明文、议论文和各种应用文。健康环保类阅读题答题注意事项和技巧：应试生态环保类题目时，在理解文章的基础上，要重点突破归纳主旨大意技能，因为推断是以整体理解为基础的推断能力。1. 归纳主旨大意： (1)寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：找出每小段的主题句。主题句通常有这样的特点：有一个话题(topic)；有阐述控制性概念，偶尔也可在一段中间；有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中。这就需要读者进一步加工概括了。 (2)寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。应观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重笔写的“重心”，考虑文章组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么中心大意来安排的。 (3)典型错误：忽视文章的结构；混淆了中心与支撑细节或材料的区别；忽视文章表意的倾向性；漏掉了主要的特征词。 2. 正确推理判断： 推理判断试题要求考生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意，并作出正确的推理和判断。 (1) 数据推断题解答此类题，关键是要善于捕捉有关数字的信息，然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上，运用自己的数学知识，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。 (2)知识推断题 根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。 (3)逻辑结论推断题 根据事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料，不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。解答这类题的前提是要首先获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题意要求进行推断。 (4)对作者态度、倾向的推断题作者的倾向和感情往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中，因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞。阅读下文完成6至10题：btony: these days, the word “clone” has appeared very often in the newspapers. do you know its meaning?lana: i read a report. it said that dr. ian wilmut successfully cloned a lamb named dolly from a grown-up sheep. so people call him the “father” of dolly.tony: in fact, the word “clone” means to produce the “same” animal by taking cells from a grown-up one. i think, if we know how to do cloning, we need only to keep a small number of sheep, cows or horses.lana: whats more, these days some people even want to clone humans. they have asked: can we clone ourselves?tony: it seems interesting. but do you think it possible to do that?lana: no, impossible! first, i think we cannot clone a dead person, because the cells in his body are dead already.tony: then can we clone a living person?lana: again no! you might clone yourself one after another, but it is only a copy, not a real you. it is only something, not a “human”.tony: well, you mean that it is not a real human.lana: true enough! i think dr. wilmut would most like to make better animals, and it has nothing to do with human cloning.6. the word “clone” means_.a. 复制 b 克隆 c 抄袭 d 制造7. dolly was the name of _.a. the father of a sheep b. a famous scientistc. . a grown-up sheep d a sheep that was cloned8. lana says dr. ian wilmut is the “father” of dolly. here, she means _.a. dr. ian wilmut was the first man to clone a sheep in his labb. dr. ian wilmut gave dolly a new lifec. dr. ian wilmut took care of dolly like a fatherd. dr. ian wilmut has a daughter whose name is dolly9 from the conversation, may be clone in our life.a a tree b a person c an elephant d an orange10. according to the conversation, we know about .a. scientists have successfully cloned humans.b. dr. wilmut likes to do human cloning.c. cloned animals are better than humans.d. lana doesnt think humans should be cloned.答案解析：6题:词义推测。根据文章中【the word “clone” means to produce the “same” animal by taking cells from a grown-up one.】推测到为“克隆”之意。选b。7题:细节考查。根据文章中it said that dr. ian wilmut successfully cloned a lamb named dolly from a grown-up sheep.可知多利为一只被克隆的羊。选d【 a sheep that was cloned】。8题:细节推测。根据文章中it said that dr. ian wilmut successfully cloned a lamb named dolly from a grown-up sheep. so people call him the “father” of dolly.可知dr. ian wilmut是第一个在实验室克隆出羊的第一人。选a。9题:细节推测。从整个对话我们可知克隆是对动物进行的，不可对人类克隆，故选c。10题1:大意推测。根据文章最后【i think dr. wilmut would most like to make better animals, and it has nothing to do with human cloning.】可知lana认为人不可以被克隆。故选d。（三）故事类阅读：1、文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件的之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读这类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，即使是碰到深层理解题也可迎刃而解。2、故事类阅读注意：初中生接触到的阅读材料大都是故事类。阅读故事类的材料，应该抓住人物线索、地点线索、时间线索和情节发展线索。特别注意的是，以上线索往往是并存的。因为情节的发展总是涉及到人物的变化、时间的推移、场景的变换等。而阅读材料后的阅读理解往往会围绕这些内容设计一些事实类的理解题。凡事实类的理解题都可以从阅读材料的表层文字中找到答案。在阅读故事类短文时，应理解文章的深层含义，也就是它的主题。在此需要注意的是，现在的阅读理解题在测试事实类的理解题的同时，往往有一道推理类理解测试题。阅读下文回答问题c chinese people call the spring festival“nian”. but do you know that nian was once the name of a monster(妖怪)? a long time ago, the monster nian lived in the mountains. it ate animals. but in winter, it could not find food. so it came to villages and ate a lot of people. people were so afraid of nian that they locked their doors before evening came during the winter. one day, an old man came to a village. he told people there that nian was afraid of three thingsthe color red, fire and noise. he told people to play drums and gongs, make big fires and set off fireworks(放鞭炮)to make nian go away. on a moonless, cold night, nian went to the village again. as soon as it opened its big mouth, people made loud noises and made fires. nian was really afraid and ran away. wherever it went, there was noise and fire. when nian was tired and could not run anymore, people killed the monster. after that, on the coldest day of winter, people beat drums and gongs, and set off fireworks to celebrate the death of the monster of nian. they put up red lanterns and have a big dinner without sleeping during the night. in the morning people greet each other happily. so now we have the spring festival.11from the story, nian seemed to be long, long ago.a exciting b interesting c boring d terrible12 the monster nian ate people in winter because it .a wanted to make people afraid b had no food to eatc celebrated the spring festival d liked to eat people in a village13 nian was afraid of .a red b fire c noise d a, b and c14 the monster nian wasnt killed until .a it had eaten all the animals b the old man came to a villagec it was too tired to run away d people knew what it was afraid of15 what is the best title for the passage?a how the spring festival came b what people did during nianc how people celebrated nian d what the spring festival was答案解析：11题:选d，从nian was once the name of a monster(妖怪). it came to villages and ate a lot of people. people were so afraid of nian可知：nian是妖怪，吃人，人们害怕它，所以选d terrible(可怕的)。12题:选b， 从but in winter, it could not find food. so it came to villages and ate a lot of people.可知：冬天nian找不到食物，来村里吃人。13题:选d， 从he told people there that nian was afraid of three thingsthe color red, fire and noise.可知：nian害怕三样东西the color red, fire and noise.故选d。14题:选c，从when nian was tired and could not run anymore, people killed the monster.可知：nian累得跑不动的时候，被人杀死。选c。15题:选a， 从整篇短文理解来看，主要说的是春节的由来，故选a。d a poor farmer had a friend who was famous for the wonderful apple tree he grew.one day, his friend gave the farmer a young apple tree and told him to plant it. the farmer was pleased with the gift,but he did not know where to plant it. he was afraid that if he planted the tree near the road, strangers would steal the fruit. if he planted the tree in one of his fields, his neighbors wo