被动语态详解[1].doc

被动语态讲解一、总述：英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice)和被动语态（The Passive Voice).主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 二、被动语态的形式1) 常用时态的被动语态的构成： 被动语态的基本形式为助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词，即be done。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give 为例，列表如下： 一般现在时：am / is / are + given 一般过去时：was / were +given 一般将来时：shall / will +be+ given 过去进行时：was / were + being + given现在进行时：am / is / are + being + given 过去完成时：had + been + given现在完成时：have / has + been + given 将来完成时：shall / will + have been + given 过去将来时： should / would +be+ given 现在完成进行时：have/has been being done 含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词be done注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。2）被动语态的否定式:在第一个助动词后加not构成。Russianisnottaughtinourschool.我们学校不教俄语。3）被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。Weremanytreesplantedonthehillyesterday昨天山上种了许多树吗？ Howmuchmoneywasstoleninall一共被偷了多少钱？三、被动语态使用范围谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。1. Some stamps were stolen last week.2. The PRC was founded on October 1, 1949.3. Football is played in most middle schools.四、主动语态与被动语态的转换1主语+谓语+宾语练习：将下列各句改为被动语态。1. He plants trees in spring.2. Tom will clean the room tomorrow.3. They make shoes in that factory.4. They bought ten computers last term 5. Amy can take good care of Gina 6. We are painting the rooms. 7. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. 8. They will send cars abroad by sea. 9. Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off. 10. When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. 主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。注意：把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer _ been bought. 2. 主语+谓语+间接宾语（sb.）+直接宾语（sth.） My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. A present was given to me yesterday. 注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。练习1：将下列句子变为被动语态。1） The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.2） My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. 练习2：在横线上填for 或者to.1） Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made _ me. )2) The meat was cooked _us. 3) My bike was lent _ her.4) Some country music was played _ us. 5) The cup with mixture was showed _ the class. 注意：有些既不用to 也不用for, 根据动词与介词的搭配关系。 He asked me a question. (A question was asked of me. ) People all over the world know the Great Wall. The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. (不用by短语) 3. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如： We always keep the classroom clean. The classroom is always kept clean. She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions. 注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。 We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar. 注意：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如： Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people called them love apples. 误：Love apples were called them. 正：They were called love apples.四、特殊句式在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如： 据说It is said that 据报导It is reported that 据推测It is supposed that 希望It is hoped that 众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为It is generally considered that 有人建议It is suggested that 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.主动表示被动的情况回顾 一、不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态常见动词是：cut, sell, read,write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。1. This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。 2. These books sell well.这些书好卖。 3. The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。 4. Meat wont keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。 5. The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。 二、一些连系动词的主动式形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。1. The apples taste good. 2. The flower smells wonderful. 3. The news proved/turned out true. 4. Cotton feels soft. 三、不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式；动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义:用于此结构的常见形容词有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible,convenient, cheap, expensive,（便利的，方便的), 等。1. The problem is easy to do. 2. The question is difficult to answer. 3. The box is heavy to carry. 4. The project is impossible to complete in a year. 5. The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 6. The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。 7. I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。 8. They think it difficult to finish the work in such bad weather.他们认为在这样恶劣的天气里很难完成这项工作。 9. That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。 10. She was as easy to please as her father. 她如她妈妈一样容易取悦。 四、Need, want, require（要求，需要）, deserve(应得，值得), be worth值得），not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。1. The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 2. The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。 3. These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. 这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。 4. Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut). 你的头发该剪了。 五、不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。五、不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。1. I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系） 2. Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。（与room有动宾关系，与Tom 有主谓关系） 3. He has a family to support. 他要维持一个家庭。（与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系） 六、在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义: sb be to blame . 七、不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： fit, have, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch， agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 八、不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态： appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand， break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.被动语态练习题选择题1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is ; built B. Was ; builtC. Does ; build D .Did ; build2.An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happenedC. is happened D. happened3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grownC .grows D. grow4.So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visited B. will be visitedC. has been visited D. was visited5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives6.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now.A. are doing B. are being doneC. has been done D. will be done7.The doctor _ for yet.A. isnt sent B. hasnt been sentC. wont be sent D. wasnt sent8.-When _ this kind of computer_?-Last year.A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used9.Who _ this book _?A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D .was; written10.Mary _ show me her new dictionary.A. has asked to B. was asked to C. is asked D .asks to11.A story _ by Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D .told us12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree.A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump13.Older people _ well.A. looks after B .must be looked after C. must look after D .looked after14.Our teacher _ carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listenC. be listened D. is listened15. In some part of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is servedC. serves D. served16. It was reported that the murderer _ arrested.A. has been B. had been C. has D. had17. Do you think that the bridge _ in a year?A. would be completed B. will be completedC. had been completed D. is being completed18. Great changes _ in China since the Peoples Republic of China _ in 1949.A. have taken place; was foundedB. has taken place; was foundedC. have been taken place; foundedD. took place; founded19.Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?She has _ by her classmates.A. laughed B. laughed atC. been laughed D. been laughed at20. Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need21. I promise that matter will _.A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of22. No permission has _ for anybody to enter the building.A. been given B. given .C. to give D. be given23. I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given24. Can such a thing _ happening again?A. prevent from B. prevented from C. be prevented from D. to prevent from25. A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building26. This bike _ last year.A. bought B. has been bought C. was bought D. had been bought27. Did you see the house that _ by fire last year?A. was destroying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed28. It _ whether she will get her work in the hospital.A. hasnt been decided B. isnt decidingC. doesnt decide D. hasnt decided29. The pen _ me. It is hers.A. isnt belong to B. wasnt belong toC. doesnt belong to D. didnt belong to30. I cant use my bike because it _.A. is repairing B. is being repairedC. will repair D. was repairing31. The chairman told the speaker that she _ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _.A. was expected; heard B. had expected; hear .C had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard32 The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks. （2004全国03）A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt cleanC. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ inBeijing. (2003上海春季, 27)A. would be completed B. was being completedC. has been completed D. had been completed34.How long _ at this job?Since 1990. (NMET 2003北京春季, 27)A. were you employed B. have you been employedC. had you been employed D .will you be employed35.What happened to the priceless works of art?_. (NMET 2003北京春季, 34)A. They were destroyed in the earthquake B. The earthquake was destroying themC. They destroyed in the earthquake D. The earthquake destroyed them36. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing(NMET 2002 北京春季, 27)37. Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.(2002 上海春季, 30)A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut38. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A. is changing B. has changed C.C. will have changed D. will change (NMET 2001, 24)39. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes.(NMET 2001北京春季, 12)A. lose B will be lost C. are lost D. will lose40. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month.A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built(NMET 2001北京春季, 17)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20B D A C C B B B B B B D B A B B B A D C21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40B A B C B C D A C B A D D B A C C A B D The fact remains to be proved.事实尚待证明练习：1. 变被动语态：1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.3. I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4. I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6. Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.14.The students study German in this school.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?2. 在横线上填写括号内所给动词的适当形式：1)Teenagers should _ (allow) to go out at night.2)The telephone _ (invent) by Bell.3) English _ (speak) in China.4) The car _(make) in China.5) The room must _(clean) every day.4. 选择正确答案1. When I got to his office, I _ that he_ out.A. told, had been B. was told, wasC. had told, was D. was told, had been2. The vegetables didnt taste very good. They _ for too long.A. cooked B. were cooked C. had cooked D. had been cooked3. The anti-Japanese war _ in 1937 and it _ eight years.A. was broken, lasted B. broke out, lastedC. break out, lasted D. broke out, was lasted5. These boxes are very heavy _.A. be carried B. carry C. carried D. be carrying6. The police found that the house _ and a lot of things _.A. had been broken into, has been stolen B. has broken into, has been stolenC. had been broken into, stolen D. has broken into, has stolen7. Coal can _ to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.A. have used B. used C. be used D. use8. John has neve