广东省新兴县惠能中学二轮复习 事实细节题(5)课件.ppt

事实细节题 事实细节题旨在考查考生对文中事实细节的理解 是高考英语阅读理解中占比重最大的一类题型 根据试题答案与文中信息的关系 我们又可分为 语意转换题 正确答案是用意义相同或相近的词语来表达文中相应的信息 信息归纳题 正确答案是精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或比较复杂的信息 细节推断题 根据文中提供的两个或几个信息点 进行简单的逻辑推理 得出正确答案 先后排序题 要求考生根据动作或事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系 进行排序 一 题干形式事实细节题 常常是针对who why when where what how等来提问题 有时虽然没有这些字眼 但依然是这几个方面的内容 如 1 whatwasthemostprobablecausefor 2009广东 2 whydidjennifertrytostopherboyfriend 2009广东 3 howdidfranksavelisa 2009广东 4 whendidlisabecomeconsciousagain 2009广东 5 whatdoweknowabout 2010安徽 6 whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage 2010福建 7 accordingtothepassage whoarelikelyto 2010北京 8 whatdoestheauthortellusinthe3rdparagraph 2010安徽 9 wherewasthewritergoing 2010全国 10 whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue 2010广东 11 whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned 2007广东 12 foodpoisoningcanbecausedbyallthefollowingexcept 2010广东 13 accordingtothepassage 2010广东 14 fromparagraph5 wecanlearnthat 2010广东 15 wecanlearnfromthepassagethat 2010北京 16 whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorder accordingtothepassage 2010福建 二 解题方法这类题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接地找到 但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样 而是用不同的词语或句式表达相同的意思 即语意转换 解题时注意以下几点 1 顺序原则 一般说来 题序与其题眼在文章中的顺序相同 如第53题的答案信息会在第52题的答案信息之后 2 解题步骤 1 迅速定位 缩小范围 通过寻读法 scanning 用题干中的关键词在文中搜索 迅速确定相关词句或信息点所在的位置 缩小阅读范围 题干中可用来在文中搜索的关键词可能是专有名词 数词 实体名词 以及这些词的同义表达等 2 理解其意 对照选项 在找到关键词句后 要仔细阅读 准确理解 对照选项 看哪个选项的意思与之最接近 3 排除干扰 选出答案 在作出选择的过程中 要善于辨别真伪 排除干扰 不断缩小范围 选出正确答案 这就是我们常说的排除法 干扰项一般具有以下特征 杜撰事实 无中生有 文中根本找不到任何相关信息 完全由命题人所捏造 偷梁换柱 以假乱真 采用原文中的句式和大部分词汇 但换了个别词 改变原意 半真半假 虚虚实实 干扰项与原文相关细节部分相同 部分相悖 文不对题 滥竽充数 干扰项是文中的事实细节 但与题干要求不符 3 温馨提示 1 留意否定词 如果题干中含有否定意义的词语 如有not except等 我们要特别留心 2 巧解排序题 解答排序题 可以采用 首尾定位法 即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作 迅速缩小范围 快速选出正确答案 三 真题演练 1 2010广东 wheniwasgrowingupinamerica iwasashamedofmymother schineseenglish becauseofherenglish shewasoftentreatedunfairly peopleindepartmentstores atbanks andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously didnotgivehergoodservice pretendednottounderstandher orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher 41 whywastheauthor smotherpoorlyserved shewasunabletospeakgoodenglish b shewasoftenmisunderstood c shewasnotclearlyheard d shewasnotverypolite shewasunabletospeakgoodenglish a语意转换题 mymotherhasrealizedthelimitationsofherenglishaswell wheniwasfifteen sheusedtohavemecallpeopleonphonetopretendiwasshe iwasforcedtoaskforinformationoreventoyellatpeoplewhohadbeenrudetoher onetimeihadtocallherstockbroker 股票经纪人 isaidinanadolescentvoicethatwasnotveryconvincing thisismrs tan 42 fromparagraph2 weknowthattheauthorwas goodatpretendingb rudetothestockbrokerc readytohelphermotherd unwillingtophoneforhermother d语意转换题 d unwillingtophoneforhermother thenshetalkedmoreloudly whathewant icometonewyorktellhimfrontofhisboss andsoiturnedtothestockbrokeragain ican ttolerateanymoreexcuse ifidon treceivethecheckimmediately iamgoingtohavetospeaktoyourmanagerwheniaminnewyorknextweek thenextweekweendedupinnewyork whileiwassittingtherered faced mymother therealmrs tan wasshoutingtohisbossinherbrokenenglish 43 aftertheauthormadethephonecall theyforgavethestockbrokerb theyfailedtogetthecheckc theywenttonewyorkimmediatelyd theyspoketotheirbossatonce b细节推断题 b theyfailedtogetthecheck wheniwasateenager mymother sbrokenenglishembarrassedme butnow iseeitdifferently tome mymother senglishisperfectlyclear perfectlynatural itismymothertongue herlanguage asihearit isvivid direct andfullofobservationandwisdom itwasthelanguagethathelpedshapethewayisawthings expressedideas andmadesenseoftheworld 44 whatdoestheauthorthinkofhermother senglishnow a itconfusesher b itembarrassesher c ithelpsherunderstandtheworld d ithelpshertoleraterudepeople c语意转换题 c ithelpsherunderstandtheworld 2 2010全国 wheniwassix dadbroughthomeadogoneday whowascalled brownie mybrothersandialllovedbrownieanddiddifferentthingswithher oneofuswouldwalkher anotherwouldfeedher andthentherewerebaths playingcatchandmanyothergames brownie inreturn lovedeachandeveryoneofus onethingthatmosttouchedmyheartwasthatshewouldgotowhoeverwassickandjustbewiththem wealwaysfeltbetterwhenshewasaround 41 whatwouldbrowniedowhensomeonewasillinthefamily a lookatthemsadly b keepthemcompany c playgameswiththem d touchthemgently 2 b语意转换题 定位题眼 题干中用ill代替了sick 最后两句是题眼 细读理解 有人生病 她会来到病人身边跟病人在一起 对照选项 justbewiththem 跟他们在一起 与keepthemcompany 陪伴他们 是同义转换 作出选择 选b b keepthemcompany 3 2010江苏 ofcourse therearesometechnicalchallengestoovercome therearesomanyissuesthatneedtobesettled suchassafety railgauge 轨距 maintenanceofrailwaytracks so it simportanttopayattentiontoeverydetail butthekeyissueisreallymoney chinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanondomesticrailwayexpansion 68 accordingtothepassage thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh speedrailwayplanis a technicalissuesb safetyofthesystemc financialproblemsd maintenanceofrailwaytracks 3 c语意转换题 文中虽然出现了technicalchallenges safety maintenanceofrailwaytracks 但并非题中所问 即a b和d均属文不对题 文中由but可知 money才是最大的问题 而题干中将thekeyissue 关键问题 转换成了thegreatestchallenge 最大挑战 选项中将money转换成financialproblems c financialproblems 4 2010江西 confuciussuggestedruleasaprinciplefortheconductoflife donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnotwantotherstodotoyou heassumedthatallmenwereequalatbirth thoughsomepotentialthanothers arethatitwasknowledgethatsetmenapart socratesfocusedonindividual andthoughtthatthegreatestpurposeofmanwastoseekwisdom hebelievedthatsomehadmorepotentialtodeveloptheirreasonthanothersdid likeconfucius hebelievedthatthesuperiorclassshouldruletheinferior 下层的 classes 66 whatmadesomepeopledifferentfromothersaccordingtoconfucius familyb potentialc knowledged community 4 c语意转换题 题干中将setmenapart 使人有差异 转换成madesomepeopledifferentfromothers 使人与人不同 根据关键句itwasknowledgethatsetmenapart 很易选出c 5 2010全国 brownieturnedouttobemorethanjustourfamilypet shewenteverywherewithus peoplewouldstopandaskiftheycouldpether ofcourseshe dletanyonepether shewasjustthemostlovabledog thereweremanytimeswhenwe dbeoutwalkingandasmallchildwouldcomeoverandpullpmherhair sheneverbarked 吠 ortriedtogetaway funnythingisshewouldsmile thisfrightenedpeoplebecausetheythoughtshewasshowingherteeth farfromthetruth shelovedeveryone 44 somepeoplegotfrightenedbybrowniewhenshe smiledb barkedc rushedtothemd triedtobefunny 5 a细节推断题 定位题眼 由题干中的frightened找到关键句是这段中的倒数第2句 理解题眼 这会使人害怕 因为他们认为她露出了牙齿 这 是指什么呢 由前句 有趣的是她常常会微笑 可见 这 是指 微笑 即她微笑的时候会露出牙齿 所以当她微笑时 会把人吓倒 故选a smiled 6 2010江苏 otherearlysurnamescamefrompeople soccupations themostcommonoccupationalnameissmith whichmeansapersonwhomakesthingswithironorothermetals inthepast smithswereveryimportantworkersineverytownandvillage someotheroccupationalnamesare carter apersonwhoownedordroveacart potter apersonwhomadepotsandpans 57 accordingtothepassage theancestorsofthepotterfamilymostprobably ownedordroveacartb madethingswithmetalsc madekitchentoolsorcontainsd builthousesandfurniture 6 c语意转换题 定位题眼 potter可迅速找到potter apersonwhomadepotsandpans 准确理解 potter是制造坛坛罐罐 锅碗瓢盆等炊事用具的人 对照选项 很易选出c c madekitchentoolsorcontains 7 2010安徽 afterworldwarii thepopulationofmostlargeamericancitiesdecreased however thepopulationinmanysunbeltcitiesincreased losangelesandhoustonarecitieswherepopulationshifts 转移 toandfromthecityreflectthechangingvaluesofamericansociety inthelate1940sandearly1950s cityresidents 居民 becamewealthier theyhadmorechildrensotheyneededmorespace theymovedoutoftheirapartmentsinthecitytobuytheirownhomes theyboughthousesinthesuburbs 65 whydidamericancityresidentswanttoliveinthesuburbsafterworldwarii a becauseolderamericancitesweredying b becausetheywerericherandneededmorespace c becausecitiescontainedtheworstpartsofsociety d becausetheycouldhardlyaffordtoliveinthecity 7 b信息归纳题 由题干中的residents可快速找到关键句 inthelate1940sandearly1950s cityresidents 居民 becamewealthier theyhadmorechildrensotheyneededmorespace 整合归纳两句的关键信息 wealthier和neededmorespace 可见应选b 将wealthier转换成richer b becausetheywerericherandneededmorespace 8 2010山东 afteramonthoffeelingupset thomasdecidedhe dbetterfindawaytofightback heleftcanton michiganfornewyork gotajobwaitingtables nicknamedhimselfthediabeticrockstar afreeonlinecommunityfordiabeticsandtheirlovedones aplacewhereover1 100peoplesharepersonalstories information andresources 57 dwascreatedfor diabeticstocommunicateb volunteerstofindjobsc childrentoamusethemselvesd rockstarstoshareresources 8 a信息归纳题 选项a中的 communicate 是对 sharepersonalstories information andresources 精确概括 diabeticstocommunicate 9 2010全国 edgewood everymorningatdixieheightshighschool thepithelpsthemprepareforlifeafterhighschool theylearnnotonlyhowtorunacoffeeshopbutalsohowtodealwiththeiraffairs 60 thedixiepitprogramwasintroducedinorderto raisemoneyforschoolaffairsb dosomeresear