中考英语透析句型转换考点.doc

句型转换题考向分析与点拨句型转换题主要考查同学们的语言基础知识、句子的构成、变化、运用等，特点是规律性强、灵活性小。旨在考查考生用不同的方法和句型结构来表达相同、相近或相反的语意的能力，培养灵活运用语言的技巧。从题型上看，句型转换可分两大类：一是按要求改写句子。即按照指定要求将原句改写成其他形式的句子，如陈述句改为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句、感叹句，肯定句改为否定句，复合句改为简单句或简单句改为复合句等。另一类是同义句、近义句的转换，即要求用不同的句型，不同的语言手段表达相同的思想。举例如下：【考点诠释】一、肯定句改为否定句在做此类题时，通常在系动词、助动词和情态动词后加not (nt)。如果句中没有这些词，则根据谓语动词的原形、第三人称单数动词形式或过去式而分别在其前面加do not (dont), does not (doesnt) 或did not (didnt), 并将第三人称单数动词形式或过去式改为原形。如：We can finish the work this afternoon. We cant finish the work this afternoon.They put the basket under the tree just now. They didnt put the basket under the tree just now.注意：1. 当think, believe, suppose等动词后面跟宾语从句时，通常用否定主句谓语动词来达到否定从句谓语动词的目的。如：I think they can come tonight. I dont think they can come tonight.2. 当must表示推测，表示“一定；肯定”的含义时，否定句应用cant。如：He must be in the room. He cant be in the room.二、陈述句改为疑问句陈述句改为疑问句一般有三种情况：一是改为一般疑问句，二是改为反意疑问句。如:1. The students had learned about 1,000 English words by the end of last term. （改为一般疑问句） Had the students learned about 1,000 English words by the end of last term?2. The twins have never been to the Summer Palace, have they? （完成反意疑问句）三、对划线部分提问。对划线部分提问，就是用一个合适的疑问词去替代句中的某一成分，使之成为一个特殊疑问句。当对主语或主语的定语提问时，用陈述句语序。对定语提问时，所修饰的名词应放在疑问词后。对其他成分提问，用“疑问词+一般疑问句语序”。如：1. Tom will be back in ten days. （对划线部分提问） Who will be back in ten days?2. He writes to his father once a month. （对划线部分提问） How often does he write to his father?四、同义句改写1根据句意改写主要考查学生对句意的理解和用一个词或一种结构来概括上句的意思的综合能力。如：1. Li Hua and Zhang Ming are the same age. Li Hua is _ _ _ Zhang Ming.2. How many people live in France? _ _ the population of France?3. The runner fell behind the others though he did what he could. The runner _ to keep up with the others though he _ his _.4. Before talking, he told me his name and I told him my name . We _ _ _ _ before talking. 5. She has been away from Shanghai for over one year. More than one year has _ since she _ Shanghai.6. Walk along the street, then take the third crossing on the right. Walk down the street, then _ _ at the third crossing.2利用从句改写即运用关系代词、关系副词或从属连词改写。如：1. The man is talking with a lady. He gave us a talk last week. The man _ gave us a talk last week _ _ with a lady.【答案】who / that; is talking。定语从句who / that gave us a talk last week修饰先行词the man。2. He didnt want to miss the first bus, so he got up early. He got up early _ _ he could catch the first bus.3. “Did you sleep well last night?” David asked her. David asked her _ _ _ well last night.4. Come on, or well miss the early bus. _ we _ hurry, well miss the early bus. 祈使句与条件状语从句的相互转换。5. John will go to bed after he finished his homework. John _ to bed _ he finished his homework.3利用so do I改写 “so动词主语”结构，表示肯定，译为“某人(物) 也如此”。“neithernor 动词主语”结构表示否定， 译为“某人(物) 也不”。这两种结构指前一句所说的情况同样也适合另一个人或物。转换时应注意四点：1.）动词指助动词、be动词或情态动词；2.）动词在时态上与前句呼应；3.）动词在数上要与本句主语保持一致；4.）表示否定时，neithernor本身具有否定意义，动词要用肯定形式。 1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too. Jim wants to go boating, and _ _ his parents. 2. I like playing tennis. He likes playing tennis, too. I like playing tennis, _ _ he. 4利用连词改写运用关联连词(组) both.and, neither.nor, either.or, not only.but also, as well as等，可将并列句或两个句子合并为一个简单句，注意neither.nor, either.or, not only.but also作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。 1. Lucy cant sing the English song Yesterday Once More. And Lily cant sing it, either. _ Lucy_ Lily can sing the English song Yesterday Once More. 2. My father isnt a history teacher. My mother isnt a history teacher, either. _ my father _ my mother _ a history teacher.3. Alice has seen the film twice. Sandy has seen it twice, too. _ Alice_ Sandy have seen the film twice.4. This store sells mens shoes, and it also sells mens clothes. This store sells _ _ mens shoes _ _ mens clothes.5利用介词短语改写1. We have friends in the whole world. Our friends are _ _ the world.2. Its a long time since we met last. We havent seen each other _ _. 3. He walks to school every day. He goes to school _ _ every day.4. Tom had no time for breakfast. He went to school in a hurry. Tom _ to school _ breakfast.5. I met one of my friends when I was going to the museum. _ _ _ to the museum I met an old friend of mine.6利用不定式改写1. The foreigners want to know how they can learn Chinese Kongfu well. The foreigners want to know _ _ learn Chinese Kongfu well. 【答案】how to。不定式与特殊疑问词what, when, where, how, which, whether连用构成不定式复合结构，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。2. She was so weak that she couldnt take care of her baby. She was _ weak _ take care of her baby. 3. She seems to be worried now. _ _ that she _ worried now.4. He was so happy that he couldnt say a word when he was told the news. He was _ happy _ say a word when he was told the news.5. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it.The ice on the lake was not _ enough _people _ _ _ it.6. In China we build the Great Green Wall so that the wind wont blow the earth away. In China we build the Great Green Wall _ _ _ _ _ _ the earth away.7利用时态改写中考同义句改写中涉及的时态间的相互转换主要是针对一般过去时与现在完成时两种时态间的转换而言的，应特别注意非延续性动词的用法。如：1. The film began 20 minutes ago. The film has been _ _ 20 minutes. 【答案】on for。短暂动词begin，在此意为“(电影) 开始(放映、上演) ”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将begin 改成be up。has been提示时态是现在完成时态， “for+时间段” 表示“持续(一段时间) ”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。摘自中考英语网2. Sams grandfather died 10 years ago. Sams grandfather has been _ _ 10 years. 【答案】dead for。短暂动词die，意为“死亡”，不能与延续性时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将短暂动词die改为be dead。3. My grandpa joined the Party thirty years ago. My grandpa _ _ _ the Party for thirty years. 【答案】has been in。短暂动词join，意为“参加，加入(组织，政党)”，不能与延续性时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join 改成be in 或be a member in。4. I got up half an hour ago. I _ _ up for half an hour. 5. Three years has passed since the students came to this school. The students have _ _ this school for three years.8利用语态改写通过改变主语，主动语态与被动语态之间可进行同义句转换，特别要注意时态、情态动词的用法。如：1. People grow rice in the south of China. Rice_ _ in the south of China.2. Everyone should give back his library books on time. Library books should _ _ on time.3. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today. Computers _ widely _ in the world today. 4. We must keep the noise level under 50dbs(分贝). The noise level must _ _ under 50dbs. 5. Do they grow rice in autumn? rice in autumn?6. We call maths the language of science. Maths _ _ the language of science. 9利用反义词改写用反义词或词组加上否定词表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词、词组的积累和换位思维的能力。如：1. The boy lent a story-book to Tom just now.Tom _ a story-book _ the boy just now.【答案】borrowed; from。borrowfrom意为“从借来”；而lendto意为“向借出”，两个词组正好为一组反义词组，当句子的主语变化时，两个词组可以进行互换。2. The factory is not far from here. It only takes you ten minutes by bike.The factory is _here. Its only ten minutes_.3. I think music is less interesting than P.E. I _think music is _interesting than P.E.【答案】dont; more。less interesting的意思是“没有 / 不及有趣”，与之相反more interesting的意思是“(比) 更有趣”。 语言现象“否定的转移”要求将think后面宾语从句中的否定形式转移到think 上。4. The bike under the tree is different from this one.The bike under the tree isnt the _ _this one.10利用同义词改写用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意替换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如：1. They could see icebergs here and there. They could see icebergs _.【答案】everywhere。everywhere与here and there都有“到处”之意。2. Mrs Green always takes good care of the children in the school. Mrs Green always _ _ the children well in the school.3. Lin Tao is good at physics. Lin Tao_ _ in physics.4. I like Backstreet Boys. But he likes F4 better. He_ F4_ Backstreet Boys.5. Mother is ill. Send for a doctor right away. Mother is ill. Send for a doctor _ _.6. They enjoyed themselves at the garden party. They _ _ _ _ at the garden party. 改写句子 按括号内的要求改写下列句子, 每个空格填一个单词(10分)96 They had lunch at school yesterday (改写否定句 )They _ _lunch at school yesterday97 Tom visits the Science Museum every year (就划线部分提问)_ _Tom _every year?98 The building near the Tea House is the Peoples Hospital(就划线部分提问)_ _is the Peoples Hospital?99 Are you going to watch the football match next Sunday? Father asked me (改为复合句)Father asked me _ _ _going to watch the football match the next Sunday100 They van hardly decide what they will do next (改写句子, 句意不变)_ _ for them to decide what _ _nest101 The light in the room was so weak that the doctor wasnt able to operate (改写句子, 句意不变)The doctor _do the _ _ such bad light inside the room102 Thy dont often hear the twins sing the song in the school (改写句子, 句意不变)_of the twins _often heard _sing the song in the school96didnt have 97What does ,visit99if I was 100Its difficult/hard, to do 101couldnt, operation in 102 Neither, is , to 67There are some new students in our school this term(改为否定句)There _ _ new students in our school this term.68The students dont have much time to play with their friends(改为反义疑问句)The students dont have much time to play with their friends, _ _?69Maria and Jane have waited at the airport for two hours(对划线部分提问)_ _ have Maria and Jane waited at the airport?70The questions are very easyThe children can understand them(合并为一句)The questions are _ _ for the children to understand71Jim left Chongqing 3 days ago because of his new work(改为同义句)Jim has _ _ from Chongqing for 3 days because of his new workThe film began about 20 minutes agoYou are late(改为同义句)The film has _ _ for about 20 minutesYou are late67arent, anyare no 68do they 69How long 70easy enoughnot difficult 71 been away been on【语法过关】- 7 -1. Li Lei does his homework at seven. (改为否定句)Li Lei _ _ his homework at seven. 2. His sister had lunch at school yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)_ his sister _ lunch at school yesterday? 3. Lucys just come back from the USA. (改为反意疑问句)Lucys just come back from the USA, _ _? 4. He was very tired. He couldnt do anything. (改为同义句)He was _ tired _ do anything. 5. It was windy yesterday. (对句子划线部分提问)_ was the _ like yesterday? 6. He likes the book. So does she. (改为简单句，使句意不变)_ he _ she _ the book. 7. Hurry up, or well be late.(改为复合句)_ we _ hurry, well be late. 8. The film is very interesting. (改为感叹句)_ _ the film is!9. The box was so heavy that she couldnt carry it. (改为简单句)10.The box was _ heavy _ her _ carry. 10. Is the earth round? The little boy asked. (合并为宾语从句)The little boy asked _ the earth _ round. 11. Jim runs faster than any other boy in the class. (改为同义句)Jim runs _ _ in his class. 12. Where did they grow vegetables? (改为被动语态)Where _ vegetables _ ?13. The boy is very strong, and he can carry the heavy box. (合并为一句，使句意不变)The boy is _ _ _ carry the heavy box. 14. I dont know when we shall leave for Nanjing. (改为简单句)I dont know when _ _ for Nanjing. 15. Li Lei received a letter from his parents yesterday. (改为同义句)Li Lei _ _ his parents yesterday.【参考答案】1.【解析】此题的要求是改为否定句，原句是一般现在时，且主语是第三人称单数，句中的does是行为动词，所以第一空应填doesnt；而第二空则把does还原成do。2.【解析】先弄清原句的时态，had和yesterday都可表明原句时态为一般过去时，所以改为一般疑问句时，须在主语前加助动词did，had还原成have。故正确答案为：Did, have3.【解析】原句的时态为现在完成时，Lucys是Lucy has 的缩写形式，陈述部分是肯定形式，Lucy为女名，所以正确答案为：hasnt she4.【解析】原句意为“他太累了，他什么也不能做。”把两句合并为一句时，根据所给的空格我们可用“tooto(太以致于不能)”结构表达相同的意思。故答案为：too, to，但须注意