名词性从句.doc

名词性从句（主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句）：在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题 2. 考查引导词that与what的区别（that在从句中不充当成分，what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语）3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 4. 考查whether与if的区别5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别 6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 从属连词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why一. 主语从句. 由从属连词引导的主语从句：Whether the country should build a nuclear power station is something we must discuss. 那个国家是否应该建立核电站由连接代词引导的主语从句：What we need is more time. 我们所需要的是由连接副词引导的主语从句：when the plane is to take off hasnt been announced.飞机什么时候起飞2. it 作形式主语时，这类从句也属于主语从句。it + be +形容词+ that-从句 it is necessary that有必要 it is important that重要的是it + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 it is believed that人们相信it is known to all that众所周知iit + be +名词+ that-从句 it is common knowledge that 是常识 it is a fact that事实是 可应用于此句型的名词还有fact / shame / honor / question/pity等。 it +不及物动词+ that-分句 it appears that似乎it happens that碰巧 it occurred to me that我突然想注：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) thatIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that二、表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于连系动词（be, look, remain, seem）后,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，还可以由as, as if ，as though引导，其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 +从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。the problem is that millions of people die of illnesses caused by smoking.数百万人死于由抽烟引起的疾病注意: 当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morningthe reason why he was dismissed is that he didnt work hard. 三、宾语从句 1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如： I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。区分：whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句、同位语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时； d. 从句后有“or not”时； e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应1）当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如： He studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）He studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）2）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如： We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。练习：1. A good friend of mine from _ i was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing. (2009安徽卷) A. how B. whom C. when D. which2.We havet discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010全国卷)A. that B. which C. what D. where3. _ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. (2010北京卷)A. whether B. what C. that D. how四、同位语从句 同位语从句一般由 that, whether 等连词引导，常放在 advice, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, question, reason, truth, word, suggestion.等名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 登陆月球.I have no idea when he will be back. 什么时候回来同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:I had no idea that you were here（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）五what与that引导名词性从句时有何区别I think _ he needs is more practice. yes. _ he needs more practice is clear. a. what, what b. that, that c. what, that d. that, what1. what 引导名词从句时，它在从句中要充当句子成分(主语、宾语，表语等)，而 that 引导名词从句时，它在从句中不能充当句子成分。2. what 引导名词从句时，它有词义(表示：什么；所的东西)；而 that 引导名词从句时，它没有词义。请做以下试题，注意区别 what 和 that。如：1. _ you said is different from the thing _he told us. a. what, what b. that, thatc. what, that d. that, what2. i think _ he said is true.() but dont forget the fact _he is a cheat. a. what, what b. that, thatc. what, that d. that, what3. _ surprised us most is _he spoke english so well. a. what, what b. that, thatc. what, that d. that, what2009名词性从句高考题1.(09全国2) Couldnt I speak to _ is in charger of International Sales please ?A.who B.what C. whoever D.whatever2(北京)At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _it got any better.A.when B.how C.why D .if3(09湖南)She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do _it takes to save her life.A.whichever B. however C.whatever D.whoever4(09陕西)The how-to book can be of help to _wants to do the job.A.who B.whomever C.no matter who D.whoever5(09重庆)We should consider the students request _the school library provide more books on popular science.A.that B. when C. which D.where6(09安徽)A good friend of mine from _I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.A.how B.whom C.when D.which7(09天津)It is obvious to the students _they should get well prepared for their future.A.as B.which C.whether D.that8(09江苏)Many young people in th West are expected to leave _could be lifes most important decision -marriage -almost entirely up to luck.A.as B.that C.which D.what9(_09浙江)-Is there any possibility _you could pick me up at the airport? -No problem.A.when B.that C.whether D.what10(09四川)News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A.which B.what C.that D.where11(09四川)-I wonder _youll water this kind of flower. -Every other day.A.how often B.how long C.how soon D.how much12(09江西)The fact has worried many scientists_the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B.which C.that D.though13.(上海) It is not immediately clear _the financial crisis will soon be over.A. since B.what C.when D.whether14.(上海)As a new diplomat ,he often thinks of _ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.A.what B.which C.that D.how15.(江西) The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. A.what B.which C.that D.thoug16. (91) No one will be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C.man will look like D.what look will man like17.(99) - I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.- Is that _ you had a few days off?A. Why B. When C. What D. Where18.(00) The suit fitted him well _ the colour was a little brighter.A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides19.(04 ) You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree.A. why B. where C. what D. how20.(05) Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game .A. why B.what C. that D.what21.(05) The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever22.(06) See the flags on top of the building ? That was _ we did this morning .A. when B. which C. where D. what23.(06) - What did your parents think about your decision?- They always let me do _ I think I should .A. when B. that C. how D. what24.(07) _ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which25.(09) Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales please? A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever答案：1-5CDCDA 6-10CDDBC 11-15ACDDC 16-20ADBBA 21-25CDDAC一主语从句 1. _ is still unknown. 政府将怎样处理这些旧房子仍然不清楚。(do) What the government will do with the old houses 2. _ ought to turn off the lights. 最后离开房间的人应该关灯。(whoever) Whoever leaves the room last/Whoever is the last to leave the room 3. It is still unknown _ to visit her sick father. 她是否能省出点时间去看望她生病的父亲还不清楚。(set) whether she could set aside some time 4. It will make a difference if we realize _ to live life to the fullest. 如果我们意识到充实生活是多么重要的话就会有所作为。(important) how important it is 5. _ something improper at the meeting surprised all of us. 他在会上说了些不合适的话让我们所有人感到惊讶。(say) That he said 6. _ doesnt make much difference. 他是否出过国并不那么重要。(abroad) Whether he has been abroad 7. _ wouldnt be useful. 无论我说什么都不会有用。(whatever) Whatever I said 8. It is a new trend _ . 越来越多的消费者在网上购物是一个新趋势。(purchase) that more and more customers purchase online 9. _ is that they are all independent. 他们所拥有的共同之处是他们都很独立。(common) What they have in common 10. _ is that it offers more personal services. 使这家商店不同的是它提供了更多的个人服务。(what) What makes this shop differe11. _ in face of danger matters much. 面对危险我们应该保持冷静非常重要。(stay) That we should stay calm 12. _ makes no difference to me. 无论你要什么都对我不重要。(whatever) Whatever you want 13. _ was that more than half of her students had been admitted to key universities. 使老师自豪的是她的学生超过半数都被重点大学录取了。(proud) What the teacher was proud of/What made the teacher proud 二同位语从句 14. News came from the school office _ Beijing University. 学校办公室传来消息说约翰已被北大录取。(admit) that John had been admitted to Beijing University 15. A thought suddenly came to me _ buying some flowers for my mothers birthday. 我突然想到我可以用零花钱买些花作为生日礼物送给妈妈。(may) that I may spend my pocket money 16. When report came into the office _ forty-five miles south of the city, they did not take it seriously. 当有人在办公室报告说那个失踪的男孩在这个城市以南45英里处被人发现的时候他们没有认真对待它。(spot) that the missing boy was spotted 17. Mr. Paine made a request _. 潘恩先生要求我帮助他。(help) that I (should) help him 18. Language experts hold the view _ the development of language.语言专家认为网络语言对语言的发展有很大的影响(influence) that network language has an important influence on 19. Is there any doubt _ tomorrow? 他明天将出席会议有任何疑问吗(attend) that he will attend the meeting 20. The fact has worried many scientists _ these years. 地球日趋变暖这个事实令许多科学家担忧。(become) that the earth is becoming warmer 三表语从句 21. Tom, dont you realize that is _ 汤姆难道你没有意识到这就是你的错误所在吗(be) where you are wrong22. Water, which seems so simple and common is _.看似简单而普通的水却是使生命成为可能的东西(make) what make life possible 23. After decoration, our classroom is not _. 装修后我们的教室不再和过去一样(what) what it used to be 24. Students should be brought up to know that love, happiness and success are _.学生们长大就知道了爱幸福和成功是用钱买不到的。(buy) what cannot be bought 25. The problem is _. 问题是谁来接管这家店铺。(charge) who will take charge of the store 26. His recommend, which has been proved to be right, is .事实已证明他建议我们读这本书是对的。read that we (should) read the book 27. The poor young man is ready to accept _.可怜的年轻人准备接受他能得到任何帮助。(whatever) whatever help he can get 四宾语从句 28. He asked _ for the violin.他问我我付了多少钱买那把小提琴。(pay) how m