高考英语 定语从句的解题关键 关系词的三大作用.doc

定语从句的解题关键关系词的三大作用定语从句是高中英语语法的重点，也是历年高考的热点。高考考查定语从句的试题中，关系词的选择是常考点，所以掌握关系词的三大作用替代、成分、连接是解定语从句的关键。一、 替代作用在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词都替代先行词在从句中充当一定的句子成分，所以，找准先行词是解定语从句的前提。例如：1. ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 【解析】who。句意：艾伦是一个专攻鸟类和大自然的画家，因为某些原因。他退出了人类社会。根据句意，先行词是ellen而不是nature，且在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who。2. she has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. 【解析】which。句意：她拥有为她学生创造一种允许他们互相自由交流的气氛的天赋。根据句意，先行词应是atmosphere，而不是students，且在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词which。如果主句中没有先行词，就不是定语从句，因为关系词的替代作用不存在，这是辨别定语从句与其他从句的方法之一。例如：1. our teachers always tell us to believes in we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 【解析】what。句意：我们的老师总是告诉我们如果想成功，我们就要相信我们所做的和我们是谁。动词短语believe in后是what引导的宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，而不是in which引导的定语从句，因为没有先行词，which的替代作用不存在，所以不能用which。2. was it on a lonely island he was saved one month after the boat went down? 【解析】that。句意：是不是船沉了以后一个月他才在一个孤岛上被救？把it was和that去掉，剩下的句子在结构及意义上均完整，所以这是强调句。如果去掉介词on，就是定语从句，先行词是island，应用where，表示on the island，句意为：船沉了以后一个月他被救的地方是不是一个孤岛？ 3. there were some chairs left over _ everyone had sat down.【解析】when。句意：每个人都已经坐下时还剩几把椅子。这是时间状语从句，如果是定语从句，先行词应是chairs，表示in the chairs，句意不通，所以不能用where。二、 成分作用关系词在定语从句中一定要充当某一句子成分，所以弄清关系词在从句中的句子成分是解定语从句的关键，也是正确选择关系代词和关系副词的金钥匙。例如：1. we live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.【解析】when。句意：我们生活在可以比以往任何时候更容易获得更多信息的时代。定语从句的先行词是时间名词age（时代），且在从句中作状语，所以用关系副词when。2. by 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. 【解析】which。句意：截止到下午四点半，很快就到关门的时间了,几乎所有的画都已售出。定语从句的先行词虽然是时间名词，但在从句中作主语，而不是状语，不能用关系副词when而要用关系代词which 或that，此处是非限制性定语从句，故只能用which。 3. i wish to thank professor smith, without _help i would never have got this far. 【解析】whose。句意：我要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我无法取得这样的进步。关系代词在定语从句中充当定语，因此选用whose，相当于his。如果从句中不缺成分，就不是定语从句，这是辨别定语从句与其他从句又一方法。试比较：1. his plan was such a good one _ we all agreed to accept it. his plan was such a good one _ we all agreed to accept.【解析】that as。句意：他的计划很好，我们都同意接受。句是结果状语从句，连接词that在从句中不作句子成分。句是定语从句，as在从句中作accept的宾语。定语从句的先行词被so/such修饰时，应用关系词as。2. modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases. modern science has given clear evidence _shows that smoking can lead to many diseases. 【解析】句that。句意：现代科学对于吸烟能导致多种疾病已经给出了明确的证据。名词evidence后的从句中不缺句子成分，所以是同位语从句， that 在从句中不作句子成分。句that或which。句意：现代科学已经给出了明确的表明吸烟能导致多种疾病的证据。名词evidence后的从句中缺主语，所以是定语从句， that或which 在从句中作主语。三、 连接作用关系代词或关系副词引导定语从句，位于名词或代词之后，即关系词起连接作用。这是区别定语从句与并列句或非谓语动词作状语的良方。试比较：1. maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. 2. maria has written two novels, and both of _ have been made into television series.3. maria has written two novels, both of _ made into television series.【解析】1. which, 2. them, 3. them。句意：玛丽写了两部小说，两者都被拍成了电视剧。句1中，逗号前后两个句子之间必须有连接词，所以用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，并连接主从复合句。句2中，两句之间已有并列连词and连接，不再需要连接词，故用人称代词them。句3中，逗号后是过去分词短语作状语，前后两部分之间不需要连接词，所以用人称代词them。总之，在定语从句中，关系词的三大作用缺一不可，牢记关系词的三大作用不仅是解定语从句的良药，而且也是辨别定语从句与其他从句的秘方。练一练：根据句意或句子结构，在空白处填上适当的连接词或关系词。1. after the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. 2. it is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike. 3. sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales. 4. the school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. 5. english is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of_ uses it somewhat differently. 6. have you seen the film under the hawthorn tree? of course, i have. it was in our village it was made. 7. a good friend of mine from i was born showed up at my home right before i left for beijing. 8. when the news came the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. 9. the doctor advised vera strongly that she should t