there_be_句型.doc

there be句型的各种谓语表示形式 there 后面的be 除了用is、are、was、were 外，还可以用包含be 的各种谓语表示形式。常见的 1“there助动词be”的形式如下： -there will/would be 将有 -there can/could be 能有 -there must be 一定有 -there must have been 一定有了 -there may/might be 可能有 -there may have been 可能已经有 -there should be 应该有 -there should have been 本来应该有 -there ought to be 应当有 -there has/have/had been 已经有 -there is/was going to be 将要有 -there is/was to be 要有 -There will be plenty of room for everyone. -There must be no doubt about this. -There may be a letter for me. -There is going to be a thunderstorm. 动词要与主语在数上相一致 a. there be 句型中be 后面的主语是复数时，动词be 也相应用复数形式。 -There are two mistakes in the translation. -There were hundreds of people on the beach. b. 有两个或更多的主语时，如果第一项是单数或不可数名词，则be 要用单数形式。 -There was a sofa and two chairs beside the wall. -There was anger in his eyes and reproach at the unfairness of it all. (对于这种不公正，他的眼里显示出愤怒和谴责) c. 表示数目的词语，如“a hundred” “a thousand” “a million”和“a dozen”等，尽管前面有“a” be 也要用复数形式。 -There are a hundred reasons why a war may break out between two countries. -There are a dozen eggs in that basket. d. 表示复数的数量词，如“a number of”、“a great number of”、“a few of”等，尽管前面有“a”，be 也要用复数形式。 -There have been a number of accidents at that spot. -There are a few of streams in this district. e. 主语若是单数集体名词，如 a crowd of people, a gang of thieves, a company of soldiers, a group of boys, a row of houses等，be 要用单数形式。 -There was a crowd of people at the street corner -Behind there was a row of low houses. 主语的非限定性 a. there be 句型中的主语是非限定性的，不可用the, this, that, these、those等词修饰。例如： -There was a railway accident last night. - There was the railway accident last night. b. 不可用“all/every 名词”作主语。例如： - There are all the cows in the field. - There was everyone in the waiting room. 只有在回答时才可用everything等。例如： -What is there to be afraid of? -There is everything to be afraid of. 但是，在极少数情况下，这种句型中可用限定性主语（专有名词或带the的名词）： 1) 在回答表示“存在”的问句时： -Is there anyone coming to dinner? -Yes, there is John and there is also Mrs. Smith. -Have you any loose cash in the house? -Well, there is the money in the box over there. 2) 当主语被形容词最高级修饰时： -There was the oddest-looking woman standing at the street corner. there be 的非谓语形式 a. there to be “there to be”和“for there to be”是there-句型中的be 采用不定式形式，一般出现在书面语中。“there to be”可用作下列动词的宾语：ask, expect, hate, intend, like, mean, prefer, want等。例如： -I dont want there to be any misunderstanding. (我不想有任何误解。) -Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem? 当there to be 用作主语时，前面要带for。例如： -For there to be so few people in the street was unusual. (=It was unusual for there to be so few people in the street.) (街上这么少人，这是不常有的事。) b. there being “there being”是指there-句型中的be采用动词-ing形式，也属书面语，可以用作介词宾语和状语。 -He was disappointed at there being so little to do. -There being no further business, the chairman closed the meeting. (因为没有别的议程，主席结束了会议。) 注意：在“V.for”结构中，for后面用there to be 作宾语。例如： -Jack waited for there to be another opportunity. there 与形容词连用 there 也可与形容词likely, unlikely, liable, sure, certain, bound, apt, due等连用，表示某事发生的可能性。例如： -There are unlikely to be (不可能会有) any problems with the timetable. -There is certain to be (一定有) trouble on the border. -There is bound to be (一定会有) a man here soon. “there beno”结构a. “there beno动词-ing形式”表示“不可能”，相当于“It is impossible”。例如： -Once let this fellow start talking, there was no stopping (法停止) him. -There was no knowing (法知道) how long he might be away. -Hes bad-tempered and selfish, there is no denying it, but hes also a genius. -There is no lighting fireworks that day. 常用于此结构的还有there is no telling, there is no arguing, there is no bearing, there is no accounting等。 b. “there beno名词” -There is no need (没有必要) for you to stay up to let me in just lend me a key. -There is no use (没有用处/好处) our discussing it any further now. -The thing is done and there is no help for it now. (木已成舟，无可挽回了。) -There is no sense(没有理由)（in）waiting here. “there V.to be名词词组”这种句型常用来说明某事似乎是这种情况或似乎已经发生过。常见的动词有appear, seem, happen, tend, continue等。 -There appears to have been (似乎有) a misunderstanding. -There seems to be (似乎有) something the matter with her. -There happened to be (碰巧有) a typewriter in the room. I used it to type two envelopes. 有时，尤其在不可数名词前，“to be”可以省略。例如： -There seemed little or no prospect of Johns success. “therev.名词词组”这一句型常用于说明某事的发生和存在，仅出现在正式英语或文学作品中。句意的重点在主语部分，不在动词。句中的动词必须是不及物动词，常见的是： a. 表示运动的动词有come, follow, pass, arrive, enter等。例如： -There comes a time when you have to make a choice. -There followed an avalanche of protests after it was rumoured that the rate of income tax would be raised.(有谣传说所得税税率将要上涨，这引起了人们强烈的抗议。) b. 表示出现的动词有occur, spring up, appear, emerge, arise等。例如： -Not long after this, there occurred a sudden revolution in public taste. (此后不久，公众的口味突然发生了巨大的变化。) -There sprang up a wild gale that night. c. 表示静止的动词有exist, remain, stand, live, lie等。例如： -There exist different opinions on this question. -There remained a still more difficult and dangerous task. -At the top of the hill there stands the old church. 间或还可见到动词词组也用于这一句型： -There took place an elaborate ceremony in honour of some distinguished guests. there 引导的句型的其他问题 a. 与“there”连用的缩略式 在口语及非正式书面语中，“there is”、“there has”常常缩略为“theres”；“there had”、“there would” 常缩略为“thered”；“there will”常缩略为“therell”。 -Theres someone on the phone for you. -I didnt even know thered been a murder. -Therell be trouble at the match. b. “therebe名词词组（修辞词）”用作形容词从句 -I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people. (我要充分利用剩下的岁月尽量为人民多做些事。) -We try to make a list of all the books (that) there are on the subject. (我们设法把所有关于这个题目的书列出一个单子。) c. there引导的句型的被动式 这一用法只限于极少数动词，如：expect, say, believe, think, hope, consider, intend, mean, understand等，用来表示人们说或认为某事存在。 -There is expected to be (预计有) a broadcast by the president this evening. -There is said to be (据说有) oil under the North Sea. -There is believed to be (据信有) a desire in both nations to avoid a major conflict. -There is thought (据认为) that the football match will start soon. 间或还可见到这样的被动结构： -On the following day, there was held a splendid banquet. （次日举行了场面盛大的宴会。） there句型 - there 引导的句型主语的修辞词 there be名词词组形容词 -There are no other jobs available. -There were several students ill. -Theres a train due to arrive. there be名词词组介词短语-There are many theories about the origin of life. -Is there any other business for the committee at this meeting? there be名词词组不定式 用不定式修辞主语时，既可用主动式，也可用被动式，不定式所表示的动作一般发生在将来。 -There is no time to lose( to be lost). -There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of). 在口语中用主动形式更多一些，但有时两种形式可能表示不同的意思。例如： -There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do now.) (现在没事儿干。) -There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.) (现在没什么办法。) -There is nothing to see (nothing worth seeing). (没有东西值得看。) -There is nothing to be seen (nothing there at all). (看不见有什么东西。) there be名词词组动词-ing形式 动词-ing形式表示动作正在进行，是经常性的动作或是现在存在的状态。 -There were a dozen hungry people standing in the rain. -There is a house facing the south in the sands. -There are plenty of people getting promotion. (有许多人晋级。) there be名词词组动词-ed形式 动词-ed形式一般表示被动的动作，发生在谓语动词之前的动作。 -Therell still be some shops left open. (还会有一些店没关门。) -There were twenty passengers wounded in the accident. -Theres been a whole box stolen. there be 名词词组形容词从句 -There are some planets that were discovered by the ancients. -At one time there were houses where that large factory now stands. -There are some people (that) Id like you to meet. there be 名词词组同位语从句 -There was no doubt that he was a fine scholar. -There is no probability that he will defeat his opponent in the election. -There is an old saying that in politics the unexpected always happens. there句型 - 含there be结构的几类重要句式 一、There is no / some / much / little difficulty / trouble with sth. 做某事(没) 有困难 (1) There is some difficulty with the text. 这篇课文还有点困难。 (2) There is little trouble with the matter. 这件事情没有什么麻烦。 二、There is no / some / little / much difficulty / trouble in + doing. 做某事有困难 (1) There is much difficulty in finishing the work in the given time. 在规定的时间内完成这项工作还很困难。 (2) There is no trouble in reading the article without a dictionary. 即使不用词典读这篇文章也不难。 三、There is no doubt about / of sth. 毫无疑问 (1) There is no doubt about his coming here. 毫无疑问，他会来。 (2) There is no doubt of his words. 对他的话毋庸置疑。 四、There is no doubt that clause. 毫无疑问 (1) There is no doubt that he has made great progress this year. 毫无疑问，他今年进了大步。 (2) There is no doubt that he likes hunting. 毫无疑问，他喜欢狩猎。 五、There is no hurry (+ to do sth) 不用急于干某事 (1) There is no hurry to leave, for it is early. 天还早，不要急于离开。 (2) There is no hurry to answer this question, but use your head. 动动脑筋，不要急于回答这个问题。 六、There is no need for (sb. to do ) sth. 没有必要