高二英语：Unit 1 A land of diversity（Using language）课件（新人教版选修8）.ppt

usefulwordsandexpressions suffixation后缀 asuffixisaparticle whichisaddedtotheendofaroot suffixesdonotchangethemeaningoftheroot butitspartofspeech e g lead v leadership n ill adj illness n althougheachsuffixhasitsownmeaning itcan tbeusedseparatelywithouttheroot however somesuffixesaddnewmeaningstothenewlyformedwords e g meaning meaninglessthink thinker 1 suffixesusedasanounsignifier 2 suffixesusedasanadjectivesignifier 3 suffixesusedasaverbsignifier exercise1onpage4 majority hardship racial distinction italy korean pakistani danish wordstudy let sreviewtheusefulwordsandexpressionsinthepassage adj relatingtoallchristiansorthewholechristianchurch n memberoftheromancatholicchurch v makeorpreparesth byputtingsubstances etctogether beabletobecombined makeasuitablecombination n mixingorbeingmixed combinationoftwoormoresubstances n thegreaternumberorpart most n personwhohascometolovepermanentlyinaforeigncountry n portionofeveryhundred makealiving numerous abundant agreatnumberof grammar 1 概念在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 nounclauses 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组 它在复合句中能担任主语 宾语 表语 同位语 介词宾语等 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能 名词从句又可分别称为主语从句 subjectclause 宾语从句 objectclause 表语从句 predicativeclause 和同位语从句 appositiveclause 名词性从句 whathewantstotellusisnotclear ibelieve that heishonest thequestioniswho whichofyou willbethenextspeaker thenewsthathehadlandedonthemoonspreadallovertheworld 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 2 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类 连接词 从属连词that whether if不充当从句的任何成分连接代词 what whatever who whoever whom whose which 连接副词 when where how why 3 不可省略的连词 1 介词后的连词2 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略 thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon subjectclause 主语从句 objectclause 宾语从句 predicativeclause 表语从句 nounclause 一 主语从句在复合句中作主语 它可以位于句首 但常见的主语从句多放在句末 句首则用形式主语it thattheearthisroundistrue itistruethattheearthisround 主语从句的用法 2 whetherhewillcomehasn tbeendecided ithasn tbeendecidedwhetherhewillcome 注意 连词that whether在从句中不担任句子成分 只起连接作用 不能省略 注 if不可用来引导主语从句 二 用it作形式主语的结构 1 itis 名词 从句itisafactthat 事实是 itisanhonorthat 非常荣幸itiscommonknowledgethat 是常识 2 itis 形容词 从句 多用should itisnaturalthat 很自然 itisstrangethat 奇怪的是 3 itis 不及物动词 从句itseemsthat 似乎 ithappenedthat 碰巧 itappearsthat 似乎 4 itis 过去分词 从句itisreportedthat 据报道 ithasbeenprovedthat 已证实 itissaidthat 据说 itiscertainthathewillcome itissaidthatsomeamericanfriendswillvisitourschoolnextweek ithappenedthatwewereoutforawalkyesterdayevening itdoesn tmatterwhetheristayornot 三 用带 ever的引导词 如whoever whatever 引导的主语从句一般不后置 whoeverleavestheroomlastshouldclosethedoor whateverwedomustbeintheinterestsofthepeople 四 it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句 主要是为了平衡句子结构 主语从句的连接词有变化 而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调 无论强调的是什么成分 都可用连词that 被强调部分指人是也可用who whom 例如 itisapitythatyoudidn tgotoseethefilm itdoesn tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace itisjohnthatbrokethewindow 五 what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分 如主语 宾语 表语 而that则不然 即不担任成分 例如 whatyousaidyesterdayisright thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation 句子结构 主句 连接词 引导词 宾语从句连接词 从属连词that whether if连接代词who whom whose which what连接副词where how why when 宾语从句的用法 hehasgotapen ithink ithink that hehasgotapen wheredotheystudyenglish lilyasks lilyaskswheretheystudyenglish willyouhelpme iask iaskifyouwillhelpme 一 连词 引导词 1 当宾语从句是陈述句时 包括肯定句和否定句 连词由that引导 因为that在从句中不作任何成分 也没有任何具体意思 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略 hesaid that hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster janesaid that shewasn tlateforthemeeting 2 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时 由特殊疑问词充当连接词 因为该特殊疑问词 即连接词 在从句中担任一定的句子成分 具有一定的意义 所以不可以省略 doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow idon trememberwhenwearrived iaskedhimwhereicouldgetsomuchmoney pleasetellmewhowehavetosee doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves marywroteanarticleon theteamhadfailedtowinthegame a whyb whatc whod that iwassurprisedbyherwords whichmademerecognize sillymistakesihadmade a whatb thatc howd which 3 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时 由连词whether或if引导 口语中常用if 因为if whether翻译成是否 具有一定的意义 所以不能省略 lilywantedtoknowif whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag let sseeif whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity 注意 关联词只能用whether不能用if表示 是否 的情况如下 a 在表语从句和同位语从句中 如 thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing thenewswhetherourteamhaswonthematchisunknown b 在主语从句中 只有用it作形式主语时 whether和if都能引导主语从句 否则 也只能用whether 如 whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn tbeendecidedyet ithasn tbeendecidedwhether if weshallattendthemeeting c 在介词之后 介词往往可以省略 如 italldepends on whethertheywillsupportus d 后面直接跟动词不定式时 如 hedoesn tknowwhethertostayornot e 后面紧接ornot时 如 wedidn tknowwhetherornotshewasready 关联词if whether均可使用的情况如下 a 引导宾语从句 如 iwonderif whether thenewsistrueornot b 在 be 形容词 之后 如 hewasnotsurewhether if itisrightorwrong 关联词只能用whether或if 不能用that的情况如下 若doubt一词作 怀疑 解接宾语从句时 主句为肯定句用whether或if 主句为否定句或疑问句用that 如 idoubtwhetherhewillcomesoon idonotdoubtthathewillcomesoon doyoudoubtthathewillcomesoon注意 下面这个例句中doubt的含义为 认为 未必可能 idoubtthathewillcome 4 跟在介词后的宾语从句 宾语从句放在介词后作介词的宾语 在使用这种结构时不能丢掉介词 thereisnonewsaboutwhetheranewbridgewillbebuilt weareconsideringofwherethesetreesshouldbeplanted 二 语序 连接词 陈述句合成一个句子 hewouldbebackinanhour hesaid hesaid that hewouldbebackinanhour dotheyspeakenglish wewanttoknow wewanttoknowif whethertheycanspeakenglish whatishername heasksme heasksmewhathernameis 三 时态 如果主句是过去的时态 包括一般过去时 过去进行时 那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态 whenwillprofessorligiveusatalk wewantedtoknow wewanttoknowwhenprofessorliwouldgiveusatalk jimisagoodstudent theteachersaid theteacher that jimwasagoodstudent hasmr greenbeeninbeijingforfiveyears heasked heaskedif whethermr greenhadbeeninbeijingforfiveyears 四 在think believe suppose expect等动词之后 宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上 idon tthinkhewillseeyou idon tbelievehewillgo wedon texpectheiscoming idon tthinkhecandoit canhe 注 此种用法主句的主语必须是第一人称i或we 而且它的反意疑问句的助动词由从句的助动词来定 idon tthinkhecandoit canhe idon tthinkyouareright areyou 在suggest insist demand order require等表示建议 命令 要求的动词后 从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气 如 iinsistedthathe should doitatonce shesuggestedthatthework should befinishedatonce 注意 1 当从句是客观真理 定义 公理 定理时用一般现在时 2 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时 连词不可能是that 如果主句的谓语动词是say时 连词用that 1 shesays that shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk 2 heasksifilikeplayingthepiano 3 如果从句中含有or或ornot时 只能用whether而不用if doyouknowwhetherheisrightornot idon tcarewhetherhe llstayhereornot idon tknowwhetheritisgoingtorainornot 五 在接复合宾语的句子中 为了保持句子平衡 用it作形式宾语 将从句放于句尾 常接复合宾语的动词有 make find see hear feel think ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday ithinkitapitytowastethefood 1 heasked foraviolin met1992 a didipayhowmuchb ipaidhowmuchc howmuchdidipayd howmuchipaid2 itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild heorshewants nmet1997 a howeverb whateverc whicheverd whenever 在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样 表语从句位于连系动词后 有时用asif引导 其基本结构为 主语 系动词 that从句 that swhatweshoulddo that swhyiwanttoseeyou 表语从句的用法 thereasonformyabsencewasthatiwasill 1 be seem look等动词后均可跟表语从句 mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping itseemsthatitisgoingtorain 2 asif because也可引导表语从句 itlooksasifit sgoingtorain itwasbecauseigotuplate 3 在非正式文体中 引导表语从句的that可以省略 如 thetroubleis that heisill 注意 在表语从句中 当reason做主语时 引导词只能用that 不能用because 如 他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车 thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathedidn tcatchtheearlybus 4 主句的主语是名词idea advice suggestion order request requirement时 表语从句应用虚拟语气 即 should v mysuggestionisthatweshouldhaveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofjustsettingitaside whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon 上海2001年春季招生 a whenb howc whetherd why idrovetozhuhaifortheairshowlastweek isthat youhadafewdaysoff nmet1999 a whyb whatc whend where 1 notuntilnoondiditstopraining notuntilnoon itstoppedraining i 每空填一词 使该句与所给句子的意思相同或相近 it that was 练习坊 2 peoplebelievethatthismedicinewillcurehisdisease thatthismedicinewillcurehisdisease 3 soonwearrivedattheplacewecalledthefairyisland soonwearrivedat wecalledthefairyisland it is believed what 1 正是因为恶劣的天气 足球赛才推迟了 2 据说他去过美国的很多地方 ii 将下列句子翻译成英语 itwasbecauseofthebadweatherthatthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff itissaidthathehasbeentomanyplacesintheusa 3 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛 4 他给我们提出了一条建议 我们应该用省下的钱在乡下买个房子 thefactisthatwehavelostthegame hehasgivenusasuggestionthatweshouldbuyacottageinthecountrywiththemoneywehavesaved 5 计算机只能做你指示它做的事情 6 他没有去参加会议似乎是个事实 itseemedtobeafactthathedidn tgotoattendthemeeting acomputercanonlydowhatyouhaveinstructedittodo 7 毫无疑问她胜任这项工作 8 问题是谁会被派去执行这个任务 theproblemiswhocanbesenttheretocarryouttheproject thereisnodoubtthatsheisqualifiedforthejob host inthishour we lltalkabout ourlifewillbelikeinthefuture let swarmlywelcomedr smart aprofessorfromfutureuniversity he lltellus hethinksaboutourfut