高中英语：Book Unit1 learning about language课件人教版选修8.ppt

majority discoveringusefulwords expressionsex 1 racial hardship hardness distinction italy korean pakistani danish federal catholic majority ministry boom italy distinction hardships korea elected arctic strait crossing bymeansof aircraft rail makingalife ex 2 ex 3 grammar thenounclauses lead in p5 ex 1studytheunderlinednounclausesinthesesentences whatroledotheseclausesplayinthesentences whatattractspeopletocaliforniaisitspleasantclimateandrelaxedlifestyle thisiswhyeachyearagreatnumberofpeoplefromallovertheworldtrytoimmigratetocalifornia however mostapplicantsknowthattheyhaveverylittlechanceofgettingavisa 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 p5 ex 2whethernativeamericansarrivedincalifornia15 000yearsagoor14 000yearsagoisnotimportant thefactthattheyarrivedalongtimebeforeeuropeansiswhatmatters ibelievethatthenativeamericansweretreatedbadlywhenthefirsteuropeanscame thecustomsofficeiswhereyourbaggageisinspectedwhenyouenterorleaveacountry 主语从句 同位语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 名词性从句的功能 功能相当于名词词组 它在复合句中能担任主语 动词及介词宾语 表语 同位语等 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能 名词性从句又可分为四类 名词性从句 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句 引导名词性从句的连接词 连接词 that whether if 只起引导作用 不充当从句的任何成分 2 连接代词 what whatever who whoever whom whose which 不仅起到引导从句的作用 同时也在从句中担任成分 可担任主语 宾语 表语 定语等 3 连接副词 when where how why等 引导从句 同时在从句中担任状语 what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别 what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分 如主语 宾语 表语 表示 所 的 什么 that则不然 它在句子中只起连接作用 没有意义 1 whatyousaidyesterdayisright 2 thattheearthgoesaroundthesuniswell knowntoeverybody subjectclause 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替 而本身放在句子末尾 e g thattheearthisroundistrue itistruethattheearthisround whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot whatyouaredoingseemsverydifficult whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet ithasn tbeendecidedyetwhentheywillstart 用it作形式主语 真正主语为从句的4种主要结构 it be 形容词 that 从句itisnecessarythat 有必要 itisimportantthat 重要的是 itisobviousthat 很明显 b it be ed分词 that 从句itisbelievedthat 人们相信 itisknowntoallthat 从所周知 ithasbeendecidedthat 已决定 c it be 名词 that 从句itiscommonknowledgethat 是常识itisasurprisethat 令人惊奇的是 itisafactthat 事实是 d it 不及物动词 that 从句itappearsthat 似乎 ithappensthat 碰巧 itoccurredtomethat 我突然想起 1 作动词的宾语shedidnotknowwhathadhappened 动词 间接宾语 宾语从句shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句 通常放在主句谓语动词 及物动词 或介词之后 objectclause 宾语从句 2 作介词的宾语e g oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother 3 作形容词的宾语e g iamafraid that i vemadeamistake that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语 anxious certain convinced determined glad proud surprised worried sorry ashamed disappointed annoyed pleased satisfied content等 4 it可以作为形式宾语 make think consider feel find it不仅可以作为形式主语 还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾 特别是在带复合宾语的句子中 e g wehavemadeitclearthatwewillnotattendthemeeting 宾语从句须注意 1 由疑问词引导的宾语从句中 词序按陈述句顺序排列 2 whether if引导宾语从句都意为 是否 但介词后用whether引导 whether ornot 3 如主句谓语动词是过去时 从句的谓语动词则需要用相应的过去时态 4 宾语从句的引导词that常可省略 但若有两个以上从句时 从第二个开始不能省略 5 否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think consider suppose believe expect fancy guess 等 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上 从句谓语用肯定式 我们认为你不在这儿 我相信他不会这样做 wedon tthinkyouarehere idon tbelievehewilldoso e g isuggested that he should takeagoodrest doyouadvisewhereshegoforatripinchina 6 表示 建议 或 命令 的词有 suggest propose insist desire demand request order command ask advise等 它们的宾语从句用虚拟语气 结构为 that 主语 should do should可省 thepredicativeclause表语从句 表语从句放在连系动词后 如 be seem remain等 theproblemisthatwehaven tenoughtime chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe thequestionishowwecangetthere 表语从句除可以用名词性从句的相应引导词引导外 还可用asif though because引导 itlooksasifitisgoingtorain iwaslateforschool itwasbecauseigotuptoolate 2 如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示 建议 或者是 命令 之类的词如advice suggestion proposal order plan idea等 那么从句中的动词通常用should 动词原形 表语从句注意事项 mysuggestionisthatweall take anactivepartinthecomingsportsmeet shouldtake hisproposalwasthatthework finish infivehours shouldbefinished practice p5 ex 31 thatshewasasocialist believinginsocialism 2 thatsomanypeoplelovecalifornia 3 iswhatican texplain4 whyheliedtome5 thatshehadlostherpassport6 thatyougetavisabeforeyoutraveltotheusa7 wasdifferentfromwhathesawinthemovies8 iswhatiwanttoknow p 49ex 1 how 宾从 what 主从 whether 宾从 which what 宾从 what 主从 that 主从 why 主从 why 宾从 when 主从 asif 表从 where why 表从 how 主从 why 表从 that 表从 whether 宾从 1 hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent 2 doyouremember hecame yes ido hecamebycar 3 itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild heorshewants 4 canyoutellme thewomanis 5 themountainisnolonger itusedtobe 6 leifengwasalwaysthinkingof hecouldhelpothers 7 itdependson wehaveenoughtime 8 hedoesn tlikethemisveryclear what how whatever who whom what how whether that fillintheblanks 9 thefiredestroyed wasinthebuilding 10 itoldyoujustnowwas hadbeenwrittenintheletter 11 hewillbesenttohainaniscertain 12 youcanwriteabout topicyoulike 13 doyouthinkwilltakecareofthechildren 14 isthatyourwatch no ican ttell thatwatchis 15 thereasonwhyhefailedis hewastoocareless what what what that whatever who whose that 双语报37期b4版语法小测vii iisafactthatenglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage heaskedhowmuchhecouldpayforthattoyaircraft itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants istillrememberwhenthisusedtobeaquietvillage whatsurprisedmemostisthatsuchalittlegirlofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell viii thisiswhereourproblemlies that swhyhedidn tcometothemeeting thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome thefactisthatwehavelostthegame 1 名词性从句的语序 陈述句语序 2 几对重要关联词的区别 whether if what that what whatever who whoever etc 3 it用作形式主语或形式宾语代替主语从句或宾语从句 4 根据具体情景选用适当的关联词 高考考查热点 参考报纸b3版 根据例句 讨论 1 whether if的区别pleasetellmeif whetheryouwillgotothelecturestomorrow italldependsonwhethertheskywillclearup thequestioniswhetherthefilmiswellworthseeing whetherhewillbewelltomorrowi mnotsure whetheritistrueremainsaproblem abcd a a 引导宾语从句 位于及物动词后b 引导宾语从句 位于介词后c 引导宾语从句 放句首d 引导表语从句 主语从句或同位语从句 2 what that的区别ithinkthatitisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder hismotherissatisfiedwithwhathehasdone thathewasabletocomemadeushappy thisiswhatmakesusinterested thereasonwasthattodhadneverseenthemillion poundnotebefore 缺 不缺 什么 所 的东西 事情 无意义 否 宾语从句中能省略 3 who whoever what whatever的区别thespokenenglishcompetitioniscoming whowillattendthemeetinghasn tbeendecidedyet ibelievewhoevertakespartinthecompetitionwilltryhisbest canyoutellmewhatyouwouldliketoorder whateverhappens don tbesurprised allthefoodhereisdelicious just