大学英语自学考试英语二下册unit15教案.doc

UNIT 15Text AThe Computer and The PoetI课文简介这是一篇论说文。当前计算机的广泛应用使人类进入了一个计算机的时代。计算机技术给人类生活带来了巨大变化，同时，计算机技术也有它的局限性。作者认为，如果把计算机和诗人的思维方式相结合，可能会更富有成效。Paras.1-6 The computer has great advantages and shortcomings as well.Paras.7-10 The junction of computer and poet will be fruitful.II New Words1 computerize vt. 电子计算机化，用电子计算机计算2 solely ad. 单独地，唯一地3 content a./vt./n. 满足的，满意的；使满意；满足4 sensible a. 感觉得到的，可察觉的；明智的5 marvelous a. 奇异的，惊人的6 leap v./n. 跳跃；飞跃7 theoretical a. 理论上的8 persist vi. 坚持，固执；持续，存留9 profusion n. 丰富，大量；过分10 vital a. 生命的；有生命力的11 foolishness n. 愚蠢；可笑12 unexamined a. 未检查的；未审查的13 logic n. 逻辑（学）；逻辑性；理由14 evaluate vt. 估价，评价15 raw a. 未煮过的，生的；未加工的16 texture n. 组织，质地；织品，织物 17 ultimate a. 最后的，最终的18 digression n. 离题；偏离19 obscure a./vt. 昏暗的，朦胧的；模糊的20 functional a. 功能的；职务上的；实用的21 extension n. 伸张，伸展，扩大22 undue a. 过度的，过分的23 concrete a./n./vt. 具体的，有形的；混凝土；使凝固24 conquer vt./vi. 征服，战胜；得胜，胜利25 error n. 错误，谬误26 correction n. 改正，纠正27 sterile a. 不生育的，不结果实的，贫瘠的28 prolong vt. 延长，拉长29 technician n. 技术员，技术专家 30 junction n. 连接，结合；31 technologist n. 工艺学家；技术专家32 loose a. 松的，宽的；放荡的33 universal a. 宇宙的，全世界的；普遍的34 specialist n. 专家35 dynamo n. 发电机；精力；精力充沛的人36 nourishment n. 滋补品，营养品37 proof n. 证据，证明38 safeguard vt./n. 保卫，保护39 uniqueness n. 独一无二40 possess vt. 具有，拥有词组：phrases 1 to pull down 拆除；推翻2 to mistakefor 错把当作.3 to distinguish between 分辨，区分4 to come to terms (with) 达成协议；妥协，习惯于5 to end in 以告终6 to reflect on 仔细考虑，反思7 to come about 发生8 to turn loose 放开，释放9 to enable to 使能够10 respect for 对的尊严11 to make over （财产）转让，移交；改造，重做12 to speculate on 思索，推测，猜测access to 接近，进入（的方法，机会，权力等）词汇精讲:1. persist: vi. 坚持，固执；持续，存留派生词： persistent a. 坚持的，一贯的用法：persist in 坚持做某事e.g. If you persist in breaking the law, you will go to prison. 如果你坚持违法的话，就得进监狱。注意区别：insist on 坚持做某事2. vital ：a. 生命的；有生命力的；极其重要的e.g. The heart is a vital organ. 心脏是维持生命所必需的器官。It is vital that you get the form sent off by the twenty- third of this month. 你务必将那张表在本月23 号前寄出。注意：vital = essential 用于It is vital that + 从句 句型中that 从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，形式是 ：(should) + 动词原形。3. evaluate ：vt. 估价，评价派生词：evaluation n. 估价，评估e.g. We shall need to evaluate how the new material stands up to wear and tear. 我们必须对新材料的耐磨损性进行评估。4. ultimate：a. 最后的，最终的e.g. We dont know the ultimate result. 我们不知道最终的结局。His ultimate goal is too distant and shadowy to obtain. 他的最终目标太遥远，又太模糊，难以实现。The ultimate responsibility lies with the headmaster. 根本责任在校长身上。5. undue : a. 过度的，过分的e.g. Its difficult to find a way of spreading information about the disease without causing undue alarm. 很难找到一种方式发布有关疾病的消息而不引起不应有的恐慌。6. conquer： v. 征服，战胜e.g. Man can conquer nature. 人定胜天。It is very difficult to conquer the cigarette habit. 烟很难戒掉。He dreamed of conquering hostility by love. 他曾想用爱战胜敌对。7. proof: n. 证据，证明，派生词： prove v. 证据，证明e.g. Keep your receipt as proof of purchase. 保留你的发票作为购买凭证。8. possess：vt. 拥有，具有派生词：possession n. 拥有；e.g. He never possessed much money, but he always possessed good health. 他从未拥有过很多金钱，但他总是享有健康的身体。The technician possesses precious data. 技术员掌握了珍贵的数据资料。1.pull down v.1)拆除： The old house has been pulled down. 2）拉倒： Would you please pull down the blinds?请你把窗帘放下来好么？ 2.undertake v.1)从事、进行： We can not undertake the work for the time being.我们暂时不能做这项工作。2）承担 Who will undertake the responsibility for this work? 3.persist:v.坚持： She persists in wearing that old-fashioned hat. 4. ultimate a. 最后的、最终的： Becoming president is his ultimate goal.当总统是他最终的目标。 5.conquer v.征服、克服：You must conquer your fear of height.派生词：conqueror n.征服者： William the Conqueror is an important figure in the European history. 征服者威廉是欧洲历史上一位重要人物。conquest n.征服： The basic aim of the institute is the conquest of disease.该研究院的基本目标是征服疾病。 6. possess v.拥有、占有： The country possesses rich mineral deposits. 这个国家拥有丰富的矿产资源。派生词： possession n.拥有、财产（复数） 例如： My family has had the possession of the house for more than a hundred years. 我的家族拥有这栋房子已经一百多年了 She lost all her possessions in the war. 她在战争中失去了全部财产。 短语： in possession of 拥有： Who is in possession of the property?谁拥有这份财产？take possession of 占有、占领： The sildiers took possession of the enemy stronghold. 士兵们占领的敌人的要塞。 词组 phrases1. to pull down: 拆除；推翻e.g. They pulled down the warehouse to build a new supermarket. 他们拆除了仓库来建一个新的超市。 All the building constructed illegally must be pulled down. 一切非法建筑物都必须拆除。2. to mistake for: 错把当作e.g. I mistake you for your brother. 我错把你当作你的兄弟了。 3. to distinguish between ：分辨，区分e.g. People who cannot distinguish between colors are said to be colorblind. 不能辨别颜色的人被称为色盲。The twins look so much alike that it is difficult to distinguish between them. 两个双胞胎如此相似，以至于很难区分他们。4. to come to terms (with): 达成协议；妥协，习惯于e.g. You need to come to terms with reality. 你必须接受现实。They came to terms with the enemy secretly. 他们私自和敌人达成了协议。 When your friends quarrel with each other, you should help them come to terms. 当你的朋友吵架时，你应该帮助他们和解。 5. to reflect on : 仔细考虑，反思e.g. I need time to reflect on your offer. 我需要时间来考虑你的建议。 We must reflect carefully on the effect of TV violence on children. 我们必须仔细考虑电视中暴力行为对儿童的影响。6. to come about : 发生e.g. Can you tell me how the accident came about? 你能告诉我事故是怎么发生的吗？Good books come about as a result of hard work. 好书的产生是努力工作的结果。7. to make over : (财产)转让，移交；改造e.g. His wealth was made over to his children. 他的财产被移交给了他的孩子。He has been made over into a new man. 他已经完全改变成了另一个人。8 to speculate on 思索，推测，猜测e.g. A spokesperson declined to speculate on the cause of the train crash.发言人拒绝对火车失事原因进行猜测。III课文详解：P.389第一段：1. The essential problem of man in a computerized age remains the same as it has always been. man前面没加任何惯词的时候就是人类。men（复数）human being（s）the same as意为和是一样的，the same as it has always been意为和过去 / 以前是一样的。 2. That problem is not solely how to be more productive, more comfortable, more content, but how to be more sensitive, more sensible, more proportionate, more alive. not solely but 意思是不仅仅是而且是。how to（并列结构）3. The computer makes possible a marvellous leap in human proficiency; it pulls down the fences around the practical and even the theoretical intelligence. 句中makes possible a marvelous leap in human proficiency 是VCO结构，其中a marvelous leap in human proficiency 是宾语，possible在此处是宾语补足语，由于宾语较长，因此把宾补possible 提到了前面。pull down意思是推翻、拆除。计算机使人类进步发生飞跃的变化；它在实际上乃至理论上扫除制约人类智能发展的障碍。课文第一句译文：人类在计算机化时代所面临的根本问题一如既往。这个问题不仅仅是要提高生产力（如何更有成效），使人们更舒适、更满足，而且是怎样才能更有情感、更理智、更均衡、更有活力。4. But the question persists and indeed grows whether the computer will make it easier or harder for human beings to know who they really are, to identify their real problems, to respond more fully to beauty, to place adequate value on life, and to make their world safer than it now is. 但是，涉及到人类对自身的认识，对实际存在的问题的辨别，对美的更充分的理解，对怎样给生活更充分的价值，怎样使人类世界比现在更安全等方面，计算机给人类带来的究竟是更大的便利还是更多的困难，这个问题依然存在，而且变得日益严重。 这一句的主句是the question persists and grows（意思是问题依然存在，而且日益严重），句中whether后面一直到句子结尾都是question 的同位语从句，为了避免头重脚轻，谓语persists and indeed grows提前，插在了主语question 和其同位语之间。在whether 从句中，make it easier or harder for human beings to 是一个VOC结构，it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是并列的五个不定式短语。从句中it是形式宾语，easier or harder是宾补，真正宾语是for to 结构，即for human beings to know who they really are, to identify their real problems, to respond more fully to beauty, to place adequate value on life, and to make their world safer than it now is，该for to 结构中，有五个并列的不定式短语to do sth。该句的重要词组有respond to（对作出反应）和place value on（珍惜、珍视）。第二段：1. Electronic brains can reduce the profusion of dead ends involved in vital research. 电脑能减少生命研究中的许多死胡同。the profusion of意思是大量、许多；dead ends意为死胡同；involved in vital research可改为which are involved in vital research；vital research意思是生命研究。2. But they cant eliminate the foolishness and decay that come from the unexamined life. that come from the unexamined life是定语从句，修饰the foolishness and decay，unexamined life意思是不检点的生活。3. Nor do they connect a man to the things he has to be connected to-the reality of pain in others; the possibilities of creative growth in himself; the memory of the race; and the rights of the next generation. 电脑也不能把人和应该与人有关系的事情联系起来。例如，别人的痛苦的现实、提高自身创造力的可能性、人类的记忆、以及下一代人的权利等等。nor在句首时，句子必须倒装，主谓倒装，在主语前加了助动词do。故出现Nor do they connect ；句中he has to be connected to 是things 的定语从句。破折号后面的四个名词短语是对things 的补充说明。connect to 意思是把和联系起来；be connected to意思是与有联系；he has to be connected to是定语从句，修饰the things；破折号后面的内容是the things的同位语成分。P.390第二段：1. The reason these matters are important in a computerized age is that there may be a tendency to mistake data for wisdom, just as there has always been a tendency to confuse logic with values, and intelligence with insight. 在计算机化时代，上述这些问题之所以重要是因为人们可能倾向于把数据误认为智慧，正如人们总是倾向于把逻辑与价值相混淆，把智能与洞察力混为一谈一样。 本句的谓语是is ，表语是that 引导的表语从句；just as 引导了方式状语从句，正如一样。tendency后的不定式是它的定语。句首 The reason后接定语从句，关系副词why被省略；在reason, way 等词后的定语从句一般都可省去连接词。当reason作句子主语时，表语从句只能用that引导；that从句中的a tendency后面有to do sth作定语；mistake for 意思是把误以为是；confuse with 表示把和混淆。为避免重复，intelligence前省略了there has always been a tendency to confuse2. Easy and convenient access to facts can produce unlimited good only if it is matched by the desire and ability to find out what they mean and where they would lead. 方便快捷地获得信息，只有在人们有愿望和能力搞清这些信息意味着什么和会把人们引向何方时，才能够给人带来无限的好处。本句的主语是access , 这个名词后边可以跟介词短语to表示接触的对象。在 if 从句中，it 指代的是access，they 指代 facts , to find out what they mean and where they would lead 为desire and ability 的定语。access的原意是通道、通路，后面总与介词to搭配；find out意思是查明、弄清楚。match（当动词讲时是相配、相符。）例：match maker（配对的人，来牵线搭桥的人。）第三段：1. Facts are terrible things if left spreading and unexamined. 信息如果任其泛滥，不加审核，那是可怕的事情。if left spreading and unexamined是条件状语，由连词if 和过去分词短语构成，是if they are left spreading and unexamined之省略，在此处leave是使动用法，若改为主动语态，则出现leave + 宾语 + 分词结构。2. They are too easily regarded as evaluated certainties rather than as the rawest fo raw matrials crying to be processed into the texture of logic. regard as （把看作）；rather than（而不是）；cry + to do / cry for（迫切需要、强烈要求）。3. It requires a very unusual mind, Whitehead said, to undertake the analysis of a fact. 句首It 是形式主语，真正主语是to undertake the analysis of a fact；Whitehead said是插入语4. The computer can provide a correct number,but it may be an irrelevant number until judgment is pronounced.第四段：1. To the extent, then, that man fails to distinguish between the intermediate operations of electronic intelligence and the ultimate responsibilities of human decision, the computer could prove a digression. 因此，在人们不能区别电子智能的这种中间运算与人们决策最终责任的情况下，计算机可能反而是一种节外生枝。 句中that 引导的是同位语从句，作the extent 的同位语，表示在的程度上，在的情况下；fail to do sth. 表示不能做某事，无法做某事。 to the extent that 意思是在意义上、在情况下、就来说；distinguish between and 意思是把和区别开来。2. It could obscure mans awareness of the need to come to terms with himself. come to terms with意思是接受事实、习惯于、和达成妥协。3. It may foster the illusion that he is asking fundamental questions when actually he is asking only functional ones. 当人们实际只提出功能性问题时，计算机可能使人造成这样的错觉：他们提出的是根本性的问题。 It may（他有可能）foster（形容词-收养的；动词-造成）the illusion后面接that引导的同位语从句。4. It may be regarded as a substitute for intelligence instead of an extension of it. regard as （把看作）；substitute（替代物、替代品、替代的人）后面常与介词for搭配；instead of（而不是）5. It may promote undue confidence in concrete answers. confidence后面与in搭配。6. If we begin with certainties, Bacon said, we shall end in doubts but if we begin with doubts, and we are patient with them, we shall end in certainties. begin with（以而开始）；end in（以而结束）；be patient with（对有耐心）第五段：1. The computer knows how to conquer error, but before we lose ourselves in celebrating the victory, we might reflect on the great advances in the human situation that have come about because men were challenged by error and would not stop thinking and exploring until they found better approaches for dealing with it. 计算机知道如何战胜错误，但是在我们沉醉于庆祝这一成就前，我们也许应该深思，人类以往所取得的巨大进步都是因为人们受到错误挑战并且不断地思考与探索，直到找到对付错误的更好的办法。本句的主句是but 连接的并列句：The computer knows how to conquer error 和we might reflect on the great advances in the human situation。其中that have come到句尾是一个定语从句，修饰the great advances；在这个定语从句中，带有because引导的原因状语从句，原因状语从句中又套有一个until 引导的时间状语从句。lose oneself in doing sth（全神贯注、陷入、聚精会神于）；reflect on（反思、仔细考虑）； deal with（对付、应付、处理）；dealing with的宾语it指代前面的error。2. Give me a good fruitful error, full of seeds, bursting with its own corrections, Ferris Greenslet wrote, You can keep your sterile truth for yourself. be full of（充满）；be bursting with（充满）P.391第二段：1. The biggest single need in computer technology is not for increased speed, or enlarged capacity, or prolonged memory, or reduced size, but for better questions and better use of the answers. not but （不是而是）2. Without taking anything away from the technicians, we think it might be fruitful to effect some sort of junction between the computer technologist and the poet. 我们认为，在不使技术人员丧失任何东西的情况下，计算机技术人员与诗人之间实现某种结合可能更富有成效。it是宾语从句中的形式主语，真正主语是不定式短语to effect some sort of junction between the computer technologist and the poet；此处effect是动词，意思是实现、实行。effect（名词-效果、影响；动词-产生）.effect 在句中作动词，意思是实现，进行，产生的结果。句中without 后面要用动名词。3. A genuine purpose may be served by turning loose the wonders of the creative imagination on the kinds of problems being put to electronic technology. 通过在由电子技术解决的问题上充分发挥创造性想像的神奇力量，计算机的真正目的可以实现A genuine purpose may be served是句子的主要结构，意为计算机可能会起到真正的作用；介词by引出方式状语；turn loose意思是听凭、放纵，在此处指充分发挥。句中to serve a purpose满足某一目的；being put to electronic technology 是被动的过去分词短语，作problems 的后置定语。4. The company of poets may enable the men who tend the machines to see a wider range of possibilities than technology alone may inspire. 诗人的参与能使计算机使用者看到比技术自身所能产生更宽广的应用可能性。句中宾语the men后带有一个who 引导的定语从句。主语the company意思是陪伴；tend（动词-照料）enable sb to do sth意思是使某人能够做某事。第三段：1. A poet, said Aristotle, has the advantage of expressing the universal; the specialist expresses only the particular. 亚里士多德说过，诗人擅长表达普遍，而专家只能表达个别。said Aristotle作插入语用；the universal（共性）；the particular（特性）the universal 和 the particular. 都是 the +形容词，表示一类人或事物。2. The poet, moreover, can remind us that mans greatest energy comes not from his dynamos but from his dreams. remind有三种搭配：remind sb that ，remind sb of 和remind sb to do sth；not but 表示不是而是。3. But the quality of a mans dreams can only be a reflection of his subconscious.4. What he puts into his subconscious, therefore, is quite literally the most important nourishment in the world. therefore是插入语。第四段：1. Nothing really happens to a man except as it is registered in the subconscious. except后接as引导的时间状语从句；register原意是登记、注册，在此处表示留有印记2. This is where event and feeling become memory and where the proof of life is stored. where引导表语从句，所指的是in the subconscious。3. The poet-and we use the term to include all those who have respect for and speak to the human spirit-can help to supply the subconscious with material to enhance its sensitivity, thus safeguarding it. 诗人 我们用这个词指所有尊重人类精神，诉说人类精神的人 能够帮助为潜意识提供材料，增强其敏感度，从而保护它。两个破折号之间的内容是插入语，是附加解释，其中have respect for意思是尊敬，speak to表示述说、宣扬；help to do （有助于）；supply with 或supply sth. to sb（向提供）；to enhance its sensitivity充当目的状语；thus safeguarding it是伴随状语。4. The poet, too, can help to keep man from making himself over in the image of his electronic wonders. keep from （阻止某人做某事）；make over（改造）。5. For the danger is not so much that man will be controlled by the computer as that he may imitate it. 由于人类被计算机控制的危险固然存在，但人类若模仿计算机改造人类自身，则更可怕。For 作连词用时，可与上句呼应，承上启下，以提供对上文的因果解释。句中not so much as是比较级的否定形式，进行比较的是两个由that引导的从句，表示的意思是与其说不如说或不是而是。not so much后接that从句，as后面也接that 从句。第五段：1. The poet reminds men of their uniqueness. remind sb of sth意思是使某人想起某事，另有搭配remind sb that 和remind sb to do sth2. It is not necessary to possess the ultimate definition of this uniqueness. 这种独特性最终如何定义无关紧要，句首的It是形式主语，真正主语是to possess the ultimate definition of this uniqueness。3. Even to speculate on it is a gain.即使思考一下这个问题也会是得益非浅的。to speculate on it 是不定式作主语。其中 it 指代上句的uniqueness gainspeculate on意思是思考。Text BChanges to Come in U.S EducationI New Words1 infrastructure n. 基础；（社会的，国家的）基础结构（如教育，运输，通讯等设施）2 kindergarten n. 幼儿园nursery school（面向25岁的孩子）3 postgraduate a. 大学毕业后的，大学研究院的n.研究生post（前缀-后）pre（前缀-前）4 scarce a. 1一般用作表语缺乏的，不足的；2稀有的，珍贵的5 expansion n. 扩张；膨胀expand（动词）6 enrol(l)ment n. 1登记，接收，招生；2招收人数，入学人数enroll（动词）7 secondary a. 1第二位的，次要的；2中等的8 upheaval n. 1胀起，（地壳）的隆起；2剧变，动乱9 bus(s)ing n. 公共汽车接送；美用校车接送学生10 accountability n. 有解释义务；负有责任account（动词-叙述、报道）accountant（名词-会计员、会计师）11 promotion n. 1促进；2提升12 diploma(复 diplomas或diplomata) n. 1执照，特许证；2毕业文凭，学位证书13 award vt. 授予，判给n. 1判定；2奖，奖品14 sociology n. 社会学15 establishment n. 1建立，创办；2机构16 journalism n. 1新闻业；2总称报刊；3新闻学journalist（新闻工作者）17 humanistic a. 人文主义的，人本主义的，人道主义的18 perspective n. 1透视，透视画法；2远景，展望；3观点，看法19 integrate vt. 使结合，使并入；使成一体（into）vi. 与结合起来；成一体（into）20 unconventional a. 非常规的，不落俗套的convention（名词-惯例、常规）unconventional（形容词）21 diversity n. 多样性 diverse（形容词）22 rote n. 1死记硬背；2机械的方法23 permissive a. 1容许的，许可的；2随意的，开放的permit（动词）24 progressive a. 1进步的，先进的；2渐次的，累进的progress（名词/动词-进步）25 prescribe vt. 1指示，规定；2开处方，开药26 schoolhouse n. (小学或乡村学校)校舍27 route n. 路线；航线28 infiltrate vt./vi. 渗入，透过；浸润29 economics复 n. 用作单或复 1经济学；2经济情况，经济30 chip n. 1片屑，切屑；2（食物）薄片；3电子集成电路片，（计算机）芯片3