语法填空--非谓语动词.doc

语法填空动词类提示词的解题技巧(II)【真题感知】1.【动词类填空提分技法2】（针对非谓语动词）：NO.1.解题步骤：1. 分析句子结构，明确空格处应是谓语还是非谓语。2. 按照非谓语动词在句中所充当的成分和特点，并结合语境来确定正确形式。NO2.解题技巧1. 提示词为动词，句子中已经有谓语且没有连词时应填非谓语。2. 根据非谓语动词在句中所作的成分，判断非谓语动词的逻辑主语与所给动词的主、被动关系。3. 判断非谓语动词与主句谓语动词之间的先后关系，来确定正确形式。归纳总结：非谓语动词的解题一般通过以下几步就可以减少或避免错误：1.利用有无连词判断是谓语还是非谓语，即要找出句子的主干主语和谓语，再判断有没有连词的存在来连接两个句子。2.根据句意和非谓语在句子中的作用来确定逻辑主语。(1) 非谓语作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；(2) 非谓语作定语时，其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词或代词；(3) 非谓语作宾补时，其逻辑主语是作宾语地名词或代词；(4) 非谓语作主语或宾语时，其逻辑主语通过句意来判断。3.根据与逻辑主语之间的关系来确定语态（主被动）。4.根据谓语与谓语动词先后【考点归纳】考点1：不定式与分词作定语时的用法1.不定式作定语时表将来；不定式常用来修饰由序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词；不定式作定语时用来修饰一些抽象名词，常见的有ability, chance, idea, fact, answer, belief, way, excuse等。e.g. I have some homework to do .(由I来做) I have some homework to be done.（由他人来做）2.现在分词作定语，被修饰的名词与动词在逻辑上是主动关系。 e.g. The girl singing on the stage is my younger sister. e.g. The house being built are for teachers.(表该动作的被动和进行)3.过去分词作定语，与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系，表示改动作的被动或完成。 注意：不定式to be done形式，过去分词done和现在分词being done形式作定语的区别 e.g. Have you read the novel written by Dickens?（表被动、完成） e.g. Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.(表被动、正在进行) e.g. The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.(表被动、将来)考点2：不定式与分词作状语时的用法1.(1)不定式作状语,一般表目的(注意其他非谓语动词没有此功能)。e.g. To support his big family, he had to work overtime.(=In order to support)(2) 表结果，此用法常表示主语没有预料到或不愿意看到的结果。 e.g. We ran all the way to the station, only to find that the train had already left.2.现在分词作状语。现在分词(短语)作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。(注意其一般式和完成式)(1)一般式e.g. The children came in, talking and laughing.(2) 完成式 e.g. Having been shown around the campus, we were taken to the hall.3.过去分词作状语。当分词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语。e.g. Inspired by his speech, we took action at once.注意：在when, while, if, as if, though, as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词，形成“连词+分词短语”结构。 e.g. When treated with kindness, he was very lovely. While crossing the street, you must be careful.考点3：不定式与分词作宾语补足语时的用法1. 感官动词+宾语+宾补（see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel） doing sth.看见.正在做see+宾语+ do sth. 看见做了 （宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动） done 看见被做（宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上被动关系）2. 使役动词+宾语+宾补 do sth.使做某事have +宾语+ doing sth 使持续 done 使被做/遭受 do sth.让做某事make+宾语+ done sth. 让被做 to do sth. 使做某事get+宾语+ doing sth. 使开始做 done 使被做 sb./sth. doing 使某人/物一直做某事keep /leave sb./sth. done 使某人/某物被.(表示被动且完成，或表示状态) leave sth. undone/unfinished/unsettled留下某事未做/未完成/未解决We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.(被动将来)3.with复合结构(with+宾语+宾补)作状语，是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式，关键是看宾语和宾补之间的关系。e.g. With time passing by, he almost forgot everything in the past. He sat on the chair, with his hands tied behind his back.With a lot of problems to solve, the newly-elected president will have a hard time.考点4：不定式与动名词作宾语时的用法规则1：接动名词作宾语的动词记忆口诀:考虑建议盼原谅（considerable，suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon） 承认推迟没得想（admit, delay/put off, fancy） 避免错过继续练（avoid, miss. keep, keep on, practise） 否认完成就欣赏（deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate） 禁止想象才冒险（forbid, imagine, risk） 不禁介意准逃亡（cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape） 难以忍受始反对（cant stand, set about, object to） 想要成功坚持住（feel like, succeed in, stick to/insist on, be busy） 习惯放弃有困难（be used/accustomed to, give up, have difficulty/trouble in） 导致专心防道歉（lead to, devote to, prevent/stop/keepfrom, apologize for）规则2：接不定式作宾语的动词 想要做：want, wish, hope, expect, seek, attempt, aim, would like, desire 早打算：plan, prepare, mean, arrange 同意否：agree, promise, undertake, offer, choose, refuse 问问看：ask, beg决定了：decide, determine, make up ones mind, be determined尽力做：try, manage(反义词fail), struggle, strive努力做：make an effort别装蒜：pretend规则3：既可接不定式，又可接动名词作宾语的动词try to do/ try doing; mean to do/ mean doing; cant help doing/ cant help to do; remember to do/remember doing; regret to do/regret doing; forget to do/forget doing; stop to do/stop doing; go on to do/go on doing.考点5：不定式和动名词作主语和表语1.不定式作主语表示具体的，尤其是未发生的动作；动名词表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。It is not easy to learn English well. Reading as much as possible is necessary.2.不定式，动名词和过去分词可用作表语 表示一般的概念时，不定式，动名词可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。e.g. What she likes is watching(to watch) children play. My wish is to become a good teacher. 【单句填空练习】 1. I noticed a man _ (sit) at the front.2.In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always_(think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.3. While she was getting me _ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car.4._ (buy) a new house is impossible for the young couple because they havent saved enough money.5. Every book_(borrow) from the library should be returned on time.6. After getting his ticket from the window, he reached down for his suitcase, only_ (find) it was not here.7. Last night, there were millions of people _(watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.8. The play_(produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.9. People from all the corners came to the city center,_(make) it very crowded.10. This drug is less likely to cause side effects when_(take) late in the day.11. Everyone in the city is sure to benefit from the new shopping mall_(complete) next year.12. The shop owner will get all these ordered goods_(deliver) to the customers today.13.My grandma does crossword puzzles each day_(keep) her mind sharp.14. Mary stood still in front of a mirror, her eyes_(fix) on her mouth.15. Everyone