高三英语高考语法专练课件 时态易混点.ppt

突破时态易混点 高中英语 humourousmoments thefatherandhissonfather youknow tom whenlincoln be yourage he be averygoodpupil infact he be thebestpupilinhisclass tom yes father i know that butwhenhe be yourage he be presidentoftheunitedstates was was was was was know whoisthelaziest father well tom iaskedyourteachertoday andnowiwanttoaskyouaquestion whoisthelaziestpersoninyourclass tom idon tknow father father oh yes youdo think whentheotherboysandgirlsarereadingandwriting whositsinclassandonlywatcheshowtheotherpeoplework tom ourteacher father 概述 动词形式是英语学习中的难点 动词形式分为谓语动词形式和非谓语动词形式两类 谓语形式有时态 语态 语气和单复数形式 4种形式主要体现在时态形式 动词作谓语时 必须反映动作发生的时间 即动词的时态 动词的时态分为四类 一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时 一般时表示动作发生的时间 过去 现在 将来 进行时表示动作在某一时间或时期正在发生 完成时表示动作的结果 完成进行时表示动作的持续 如 一 对一般现在时的考查1 考查其基本概念 一般现在时表示一个习惯性 经常性的动作 常与表示习惯的副词always everytime nowandthen occasionally often seldom sometimes usually等连用 但近几年 对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰 1 monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrosstheopensea which thepacific andwemetnostorm 2005年辽宁卷 wascalledb iscalledc hadbeencalledd hasbeencalled heworks heworked hewillwork hewouldwork heisworking hewasworking hewillbeworking hewouldbeworking hehasworked hehadworked hewillhaveworked hewouldhaveworked hehasbeenworking hehadbeenworking hewillhavebeenworking hewouldhavebeenworking 动词时态的掌握可以分为两个部分 首先要熟练掌握八种基本时态 即一般现在时 现在进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时和过去将来时 在熟练掌握这八种基本时态基础上 就能比较容易的掌握另外的几种较为复杂的时态 还可以很容易理解这些时态所表达的意思以及掌握其用法 2 考查一般现在时的替代用法 在以when till until assoonas bythetime after before themoment等引导的时间状语从句 在以if unless once等引导的条件状语从句和以nomatter however evenif等词引导的让步状语从句中 如果主句中的动词用一般将来时 从句中的动词通常用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时或将来完成时 1 whatwouldyoudoifit tomorrow wehavetocarryiton sincewe vegoteverythingready 2005年全国卷 a rainb rainsc willraind israining 2 i vebroughtmytennisthingsalongincasewe timeforagametomorrow a shallhaveb havec willhaved aregoingtohave3 canidriveonthefreeway mrgreen youcanwhenyou abitmoreskilled a willgetb aregettingc willhavegotd get 二 对一般过去时的考查一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态 它常与表过去的时间状语连用 如yesterday lastyear lastnight theotherday justnow then twodaysago in1999 atthattime等 但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中 这是高考的命题方向 iboughtanewcarthreedaysago morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool abroadtostudymedicinelastyear 2005年上海卷 a sentb weresentc hadsentd hadbeensent theyear2002 remarkablechangesinshanghai slandscape see saw 时间状语 呀 不知道你在这儿 以为你在美国 oh ididn tknowyouwerehere ithoughtyouwereinamerica 一般过去时的用法1 表示过去发生的 和现在没有联系的动作或状态 1 look someonehasspilt 溢出 coffeeonthecarpet 地毯 well it me a isn tb wasn tc hasn tbeend hadn tbeen2 i veboughtaboxofchocolatesforourdaughter oh howgoodadad butshedoesn tlikesweetthings that a don tyouknowb haven tyouknownc didn tyouknowd hadn tyouknown3 wasmaryintheofficewhenyouarrivedthere yes butshe soonafterwards a hadleftb leftc wouldleaved willleave 一般过去时的用法2 注意 一般过去时与过去进行时的区别 一般过去时表示一个完成的动作 而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作 iwrotealetterthismorning 今天上午我写了一封信 信已写完 iwaswritingaletterthismorning 今天上午我在写一封信 正在写 不一定写完 1 hastommyfinishedhisjobyet ihavenoideaofit he itthismorning a wasdoingb hadbeendoingc hasdoned did2 asshe thenewspaper granny asleep a read wasfallingb wasreading fellc wasreading wasfallingd read fell3 allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor hernervousness a hasgrownb isgrowingc grewd hadgrown4 i msorry ishouldn thavebeensorudetoyou you yourtemperbutthat sok a havelostb hadlostc didlosed werelosing 三 现在进行时 1 表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的情况 他现在在做什么 whatishedoingnow 2 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的情况 今天 许多曾被污染的河流正变得越来越清澈 today manyriversthatwerepollutedaregettingcleanerandcleaner 3 表示按计划将要发生的动作或情况 通常只限于go come leave arrive fly等少数动词 我下个月去伦敦 iamgoingtolondonnextmonth 4 表示反复出现的重复性动作 往往含有赞赏 厌恶 遗憾等情绪 常与always continually constantly连用 如heisalwaysthinkingofothersfirst heisalwaysmakingthesamemistakes 对现在进行时的考查由上下文语境表示时间 1 what stheterriblenoise theneighbors foraparty 2004年北京卷 a havepreparedb arepreparingc prepared willprepare2 becausetheshop allthet shirtsaresoldathalfprice 2004年浙江卷34题 hascloseddownb closeddownc isclosingdownd hadcloseddown3 areyoustillbusy yes i mywork anditwon ttakelong a justfinishb amjustfinishingc havejustfinishedd amjustgoingtofinish 4 sinceiwonthebigprize mytelephonehasn tstoppedringing people toaskhowiamgoingtospendthemoney phoneb willphonec werephoningd arephoning5 selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology sorapidly ischangingb haschangedc willhavechangedd willchange 状态类 addup 有意义 afford appear 似乎 belongto comeabout comefrom 出生地 contain cost differfrom equal feel 摸起来 fit happento have havegot hold 容纳 include keep 动词 ing know 认识 look 看起来 mean 意思是 own possess prove 证明是 seem smell sound standfor taste etc 结果类 catch 听懂 find 发现 hear makeout 弄懂 notice observe see smell 闻到 taste 尝到 etc 情感类 admire appreciate astonish attract believein careabout dare dislike doubt envy fear hate hope impress interest like love mean mind please regret respect can tstand trust value etc 另外 请记住下面这些动词 思维类 agree appreciate believe consider 认为 disagree disbelieve expect feel figure 美 捉摸 find getit 弄懂 guess hear hearabout hearof hope imagine know 知道 realize recognize regard see seethrough suppose tell 辨认 think 认为 understand wonder etc 以上这些动词一般不用于现在进行时 四 对过去进行时的考查iwaswalkingdownthestreetwhenitbegantorain whenitbegantorain iwaswalking now 1 把过去进行时放在when while as等引导的时间状语从句中考查 如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去 动作时间长的用过去进行时 表达谈话背景 动作时间短的用一般过去时 表达新的信息 youwereoutwhenidroppedinatyourhouse oh i forafriendfromenglandattheairport 2004年福建卷 a waswaitingb hadwaitedc amwaitingd havewaited 1 mybrother fall whilehe ride hisbicycleandhurthimself2 tom slip intothehousewhennoone look 3 ashe read thenewspaper granny fall asleep 4 thereportersaidthattheufo travel easttowestwhenhe see it fell wasriding slipped waslooking wasreading fell wastraveling saw 注意 过去进行时还可表示说话的刚刚所发生的动作 如 hey lookwhereyouaregoing oh i mterriblysorry iwasn tnoticing 2 把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查 hassamfinishedhishomeworktoday ihavenoidea he itthismorning 2004年全国卷 a didb hasdonec wasdoingd haddone3 考查过去进行时与一般过去时的比较 shirley abookaboutchinalastyearbutidon tknowwhethershehasfinishedit 98 a haswrittenb wrotec hadwrittend waswriting 五 对现在完成时的考查1 现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响或表示经验 2 现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去 常与for或since等短语连用 i graduate in1999andinthatyeari begin toteachjuniorenglishinamiddleschool i teach thereforsixyears sixyearslater i move here i teach seniorenglishinno 2middleschoolformorethan4yearseversincethen graduated began taught moved havetaught havebeenteaching 1 hewashopingtogoabroadbuthisparents thattheywon tsupporthimunlesshecanborrowmoneyfromthebank 2005湖北 weredecidingb havedecidedc decidedd willdecide2 millionsofpounds worthofdamage byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofenglandlastnight 2005重庆 hasbeencausedb hadbeencausedc willbecausedd willhavebeencaused 3 thewindowisdirty iknow it forweeks 2004全国卷 hasn tcleanedb didn tcleanc wasn tcleanedd hasn tbeencleaned注 由终止性动词leave arrive come go return begin start put stop die fall buy borrow see等构成的完成时不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用 但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用 eg ihaven tmethimfortwoyears 3 考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别 一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间 地点 方式等 与现在不发生联系 且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语 而现在完成时只说明现在的情况 对现在有影响 where therecorder ican tseeitanywhere 98nmet i itrighthere butnowit sgone a didyouput haveputb haveyouput putc hadyouput wasputtingd wereyouputting put thecctvhasbeenbroadcastingenglishprogramseversince1977 六 对现在完成进行时的考查构成 have hasbeen doing概念 表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作 一直延续到现在 并且还可能继续下去 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别如下 1 现在完成时与现在完成进行时ihavewrittenanarticle ihavebeenwritinganarticle 2 有些延续性动词 如live teach work study learn stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大 ihavelivedherefortenyears ihavebeenlivingherefortenyears notes 表短暂动作的动词 finish marry getup come go等 一般不能用现在完成进行时 强调 已完成性 强调 持续性 未完成性 1 nowthatsheisoutofajob lucy goingbacktoschool butshehasn tdecidedyet 2004年北京卷 hadconsideredb hasbeenconsideringc consideredd isgoingtoconsider2 hi tracy youlooktired iamtired i thelivingroomallday a paintedb hadpaintedc havebeenpaintingd havepainted 七 对过去完成时态的考查过去完成时 经常以 过去 为背景 要想表达比这一背景更早的动作 即 过去的过去 常用此时态 eg whenwegottothetheatre theyhadsoldallthetickets whatapity 1 georgeandlucygotmarriedlastweek didyougototheirwedding no i didtheyhaveabigwedding 2004年湖北卷 a wasnotinvitedb havenotbeeninvitedc hadn tbeeninvitedd didn tinvite 2 johnandi friendsforeightyears wefirstgottoknoweachotheratachristmasparty butwe eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat 02北京春 a hadbeen haveseenb havebeen haveseenc hadbeen hadseend havebeen hadseen 3 我原打算来的 但太忙了 mean ihadmeanttocome butiwastoobusy hadmeant planned intendedtodo 表示过去未曾实现的愿望 打算 想法等 常见考点有 把过去完成时放在含有when before after until assoonas等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查 1 whentheoldman towalkbacktohishouse thesun itselfbehindthemountain 2005年湖北卷 a started hadalreadyhiddenb hadstarted hadalreadyhiddenc hadstarted washidingd wasstarting hid 把过去完成时放在by 过去时间点或bythetime 从句 一般过去时 的句子里考查 bytheendoflastyear anothernewgymnasium inbeijing 2003年上海春 a wouldbecompletedb wasbeingcompletedc hasbeencompletedd hadbeencompleted 1 doyouworkhere no idon treallyworkhere i untilthenewsecretarycomes justhelpoutb havejusthelpedoutc amjusthelpingoutd willjusthelpout 举一反三破定势 造成思维定式的干扰因素 comes 从现主将 误选 just 初中老师说 完成时标志 误选b 题眼 idon treallyworkhere 暂时性工作 正确选项c just的多义 刚 正 只不过 引起祈使句 2 i inlondonformanyyears buti veneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktochina 重庆卷 livedb waslivingc havelivedd hadlived 造成思维定势的干扰因素 formanyyears 初中老师说 完成时标志 误选c d 解题关键 formanyyears与现在无联系 一般过去时 a 一句辨析 1999 now2009 2005 4years 6years 1year ibegantoteachenglishin1999 by2005 i teach englishfor6years i teach englishinthecountryfor6years then imovedhereandsince2005 i teach here thatistosay i teach englishherefor4years nowihavegotaplan i stay intheusafor1year brushingupmyenglish ajoke mikewaswalkinginthestreetwhenhemettom m it 2monthssinceilastsawyou be t ihavejustreturnedfromabroad m isitthefirsttimeyou abroad be t yes andhardly i therewheniwasstruckbyitsbeauty arrive m howdoyoufindyourtrip t verygood totellthetruth it sthemostunforgettabletripi everhave m i mgladtohearthat bytheway iamleavingforameetingnow it be 20minutesbeforeit start is hasbeen havebeen haveeverhad 三 时态的特殊句式 hada