高一英语 拓展知识中西文化差异 课件必修1.ppt

communicatingacrossculturesaguideforteachers howtoincludeculturelearninginenglishlanguageclasses whatdowemeanbyculture chinesespeakersoftenmeancharacteristicsofchinesepeopleascomparedtocharacteristicsofpeoplefromothernationsknowledgeaboutcultureisoftenexpressedasgeneralizationstheenglishareconservativeamericansareindividualisticthefrenchareromanticnationalculturepersonaltraitsofpeoplefromthatnation moremeaningsofculture wayoflifeofanygroupregionalculture north south rural urbanreligiousculture christian buddhist moslemethnicculture han hui tibetan xinjianggenderculture male femaleeconomicclassculture farmer intellectual businessgenerationalculture youth middleage elderlyorganizationalculture schools education wayoflife definitionofculture assumesthatpeoplewithsimilarlifeexperiencessharevalues theyseetheworldinsimilarways membersofimportantgroupssharemeanings theycanunderstandoneanothermoreeasilythantheycanunderstandpeoplefromothergroups groupmembershipisoftenmoreimportantthannationalculture whatdoiknowaboutthenba nothingatalliamfemaleandiamoldthenbaisamericanandiamanamericanitisanexperiencesharedbymalemembersoftheinternationalyouthcultureiamnotamemberofthatcultureso don tassumethatnationalcultureistheonlyorbestlevelofanalysis whatdoiknowaboutteaching alot itismylove mycraft mylifeisharemanyexperienceswithotherteachersitdoesn tmatterwhethertheyareamericansorchinesewecancommunicateaboutteaching learning schools students etc weshareanacademicoreducationalculturedifferencesinnationalculturearenotnecessarilysignificantbarrierstocommunication doiknowhowtousechopsticks ofcourse ido whydopeoplekeepaskingmethatquestion becausechineseusechopsticksandamericansuseknivesandforks andiamanamericantheyassumethatiamdifferentfromthemineverywaybecauseiamawaiguorenlookforsimilarities notjustdifferenceswhenyoumeetsomeoneforthefirsttime youlookforwhatyouhaveincommonwiththatperson howdoamericanscelebratechristmas inmanydifferentways somenotatallethniccultures italian swedish german hispanicreligiouscultures christian jewish secularregionalcultures south north eastcoast westcoastpeopleoftenaskmequestionsaboutamericanstheyassumeallamericansarealiketheywantmetogivethemageneralizationgeneralizationsaboutnationalculturescausemanymisunderstandingsincommunication doallamericanssleeplate achinesefriendinvitedmetogotoaparktodomorningexercisesbut allalongthewayshecomplainedaboutthetraffic iasked whydoyoudoitifitissounpleasant heranswer youareanamerican soididn tthinkyouwouldwanttogoasearlyasiusuallygo iamanearly riser nationalcultureisnotagoodpredictorofmostpersonalhabits areamericansmoreindividualisticthanchinese theconventionalopinionisyes theyare thereissometruthtoit butitisanoversimplification thisideaaloneisnotausefulguidetopredictingthepreferencesorbehaviorofamericans chineseeducationalcultureismuchmoreindividualisticthanamericaneducationalculture americanteacherscollaboratemore studentsdomoregroupwork ifyouuse americanindividualism topredictwhatamericansprefer youwillmakemanymistakes ininternationalcompetitionamericansexcelatteamsportswhilechineseexcelatindividualsports americansareconstantlyforminggroupsandjoininggroupstomeetavarietyofpersonalandprofessionalgoals typically americansparticipateingroupsverydifferentlyfromthewaychinesepeopledo payattentiontoprocessesratherthantraits howdopeoplecarryonafriendship howdotheyteach howdotheylearn howdotheyshowrespect howdotheyexpressdisagreement howdotheyapologize howdotheyhandlerelationshipswithpeopleofhigherorlowerstatusthanthemselves howdotheyparticipateinworkgroups icc interculturalcommunicationcompetence knowledgeofsocialgroupsinyourowncountryandothercountriesattitudeofopennessaboutotherculturesandpeopleabilitytogainnewknowledgeandtoactonthatknowledgeknowledgeofprocessesandabilitytousethatknowledgehowtocommunicate notjusthowtospeakthetargetlanguagemeeting greeting startingaconversationexpressingagreementanddisagreementaskingforinformationworkingwithothers then howdoweteachculture threeapproachesareused big c cultureimportantpeople works eventsmarktwain billgates ihaveadream speech warofindependence civilwarlittle c culturedailylife holidays customsculturalawarenessculture generalratherthanculture specific trythesetwoapproaches culturalawarenesstheclassroomasaculturalscenestretching expanding destabilizingtheculturallyprescribedwaysofteachingandlearning whenabutterflyflapsitswingsinthenorth itproducesatyphooninthesouth itmeans doingsmallthingscanhavebigeffects culturalawareness sensitivitytopeoplesituationssimilaritiesanddifferencesexpandingtheconceptofculturebeyondtheideaofnationalcultureworkingonproblemsofgeneralizationandprejudicebuildingonwhatstudentsalreadyknowabouthowtocommunicate englishisagloballanguage peopleinmanycountrieslearnenglish don tlimitculturelearningtothestudyofcountrieswhereenglishisanativelanguage englishcanbeusedtolearnaboutmanydifferentculturesandaboutcultureingeneral itislikelythatinthefutureyourstudentswillbecommunicatingwithspeakersofenglishasasecondorforeignlanguage theyareparticipantsintheemergingglobalculture soareyou culturelearningbeginswithawarenessofthehomeculture howdidyou yourfamilycometoshenzhen howdoesyourfamilyentertainguests whatwaslifelikeforyourgrandparentswhentheywereyourage tellaboutanexperienceinwhichsomeonejudgedyoubasedonasinglecharacteristic tellaboutanexperienceinwhichyoucommunicatedwithsomeonedifferentfromyou yourclassisfullofculturaldiversity amicrocosmofourglobalvillagethroughtheseactivitiesyouteachhowtodealwithdifferencesrespectdifferences appreciatethemandlearnfromthemlookforsimilaritiesasabasisforbuildingrelationshipsnoticethattheselearningactivitiesareinductiveandstudent centered usingthemyouaredoingculture notjustlearningaboutaspecificcultureyouaremodelingsocialpracticesfromtheglobalculture bringnewexperiencesintotheclassroom lookattheorganizationalcultureoftheschoolandtheclassroom takestepstostretchthatculturealittletomoveitclosertothewaysofthetargetculture thisisthebestwaytoteachculture itisthewayforyouandyourstudentstogaininterculturalcompetence similaritiesinclassroomcultures studentsstudysimilarsubjectstheyusuallyliveathomeandattendschoolfivedaysaweektheyhavehomework theytakeexamstheyaresensitivetotheapproval disapprovaloftheirteachersandclassmatesfromtheclassroomculturetheyarelearninghowtoparticipateinthelargerculture differencesinclassroomcultures americanchinese relationshipsbasedonhierarchy theteacherisatthetopofthehierarchy theleaderoftheclassrelationshipsbetweenteacherandstudentssomewhatdistantbecausestudentsowerespectandobediencerelationshipsarereciprocalorcomplementarythepatternisoneofmutualdependence respect serviceandobedience direction careandprotection communicationflow theclassroomleader theteacher belongstootherhierarchies teacherowesrespect serviceandobediencetothoseabovecommunicationflowsfromthetopdownteacherscommunicatewithonestudentatatimeorwiththegroupasawholestudentscancommunicatefreelywitheachotherunlesstheyarecompetingfortheapprovaloftheleader teacher studentinteraction teachersarelikelytogiveverypreciseinstructionsthestudent sjobistoproducethecorrectanswerthisprocessisendlesslyrepeatedandelaborateditproducestheexaminationsystem whatamisupposedtodo ihopeidon tmakeamistake ibettertellthemexactlywhattodoidon twantanymistakes bringthenewclosetothefamiliar developyourinterculturalcompetencebystretchingthesystemalittle introduceactivitiesinwhichstudentslearninductively culturalawarenessactivities encouragestudentinquiry encouragethemtoaskquestionsthatdonothavedefiniteorfixedanswers westernstylegroups shortterm timelimitedgrouplearningprojectsbelongtomanygroups classesandavarietyofextra curriculargroupssuchassportsteamsandmusicgroupslessemotionallyinvolvedineachgrouppreferequalrelationships teacherisnotassociallydistant notaselevatedinstatustheteacherismorelikethecoachofateam recreationgroups groupidentityandpersonalidentityareseparate inthewestgroupshavelessinfluenceovertheindividual sbehaviorthepersonformsandbreakstieseasilythepersonlooksforgroupsthatareusefulinachievingpersonalgoals professionalgroups communitygroups workgroups person groupleadershipisdispersed variousmemberstakeleadershiprolesleaderswintheirrolesbyconvincingmembersoftheireffectivenessmembersexpecttocontributeindifferentwaystothegrouptheirrewardswillbedifferenttoo formalleader processleader resourceleader taskleader emotionalleader memberscooperateandcompete membersmaycompetewithoneanotherforrecognition leadership allies etc theyalsocooperatewithinthegroupandoutsidethegrouplinkingthegroupwithothergroupsisanessentialfunctionthegroupboundaryisrelativelyopenthesecomplexpatternsofcompetitionandcooperationaremadeorderlybyrulesofprocesscalled fairplayrules examplesoffairplayrules everyoneshouldhaveanequalopportunitytoparticipate nooneshoulddominateorbeleftoutdecision makingisshared nottheexclusiveresponsibilityoftheleaderwhetherthatistheteacheroranyothermembermembersshouldgivehonestfeedback studentsfreelysaywhattheylikeanddon tlike theymakesuggestionseveryoneshouldfocusonthetaskathandsometasksareindividual othersarecompletedbythegroupknowthedifferenceanddon tcheattheseprocessrulesareoftenmoreimportantthanreachingaspecificoutcome personalmotivationiscritical becausegroupmembershipisvoluntary membersmustbemotivatedtodevoteenergytothegroupifapersonmustbeinagroup itisstillnecessarytobuildmotivationtocreateenergyforthegroup sworkchineseclassroomgroupsdependmoreonextrinsicmotivation passingexams ifidoagreatjobi llmoveupintheorganization ilikeworkingwiththepeopleinthisgroup icanlearnsomenewskillsfromthisgroup ireallybelieveinthepurposeofthisgroup mygoalsarethesameasthegroup sgoals comparinggroupbehaviors westernlittledifferencebetweeningroupandoutgroupbehaviorslessassociativewithingroups lesshostiletooutgroupsinformalanddirectinsensitivetohierarchicalrelationsamongmembers chinesegreatdifferencebetweeningroupandoutgroupbehaviorsmoreassociativewithingroups morehostiletooutgroupsmaybemotivatedbyloyaltytoingroupsexpectallmemberstoberewardedequally questionsforteacherswhowanttostretchtheclassroomculture whatmotivatesmeandothers doirespondtoextrinsicorintrinsicmotivation whatrolesdoiplayinthegroupsiparticipatein adirectiveleaderinsomeandpassivefollowerinothers whatbehaviors attitude