英文翻译外文文献翻译252气吸式播种机的工作原理
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英文翻译外文文献翻译252气吸式播种机的工作原理,机械毕业设计英文翻译
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附录 气吸式播种机的工作原理 一个 气吸式 播种机是农业实现也称为一个花盆或播种机 ,它用于植物通常在一个大领域种子作物。这是第一个专利在澳大利亚在 1950 年。 多年来有一个种子箱运行播种机的宽度 ,实现允许种子下降重力进种子行。很难填补 ,清理和运输。空气播种机已集中位于漏斗为种子和肥料分发他们通过空气流对个别种子行。这是方便的去填补 ,易于清洁和移动。任何作物 ,可以从种子开始生长 这可能是大小不同的油籽 ,玉米 ,可以缝制一个空气播种机。 粮食和化肥漏斗通常由一个大型车位于前面的背后或播种机。空气流是由一个高容量风机安装在车吹空气通过管道坐落在粮食和化肥罐。粮食和化肥是计量从漏斗的测量轮 ,是将在一个比设置的操作员正确的种子率或种子密度。种子进入管在气流和遵循管道 ,终止于苗床。开拉通过土壤使打开的种子的地方。他们是用钢的形状分 ,光盘或中耕机铲。一旦放置在种子床 ,空气吹出开口在土壤和种子和肥料保持。然后可以包的播种机种子保湿紧靠近种子和耙在犁沟所以字段不粗糙。 空气播种机种子的速度能可能 10 英里 种植成千上万的种子一分钟分配均匀和准确。如何做到这一点的空气播种机 ?使用原理在物理 -气体 (空气 )将在部门分配自身均匀 ,可用。就像他们知道去哪里 ,种子和肥料 granuals 遵循空气通过部门管道均匀和准确。 空气的宽度可以扩大工作播种机宽度和折叠在一起运输 ,已经 建成 ,宽度为 85英尺 也许更多。空气播种机为昂贵的购买和操作。他们需要昂贵的拖拉机拉他们 ,他们需要的稳定供应种子、化肥和有易损件如土壤开场。操作员必须是主管和小心 ,因为一个错误在确定种子的位置 ,或在操作播种量的机械也可以是昂贵的。一个错误或延迟播种可以成本低分数或一个生长季节的农作物。 信号的工作介质，提供驱动力和力矩，并对执行元件的位置、速度、力和力矩进行控制。农业工程作为一气力技术包括气力传动和控制两个方面，其实质是以压缩空气作为传动动力和控制门为农业生产和农村生活服务的综合性工程技术学科，具有 其特殊性和复杂性，尤其是工作环境和对象。气力技术因其取材容易、设nts 备简单、造价低廉、环保节能、控制方便等特点，而广泛应用在农业工程领域，并发挥着越来越大的作用。气力技术包括气力传动和控制两个方面，其实质是以压缩空气作为传动动力和控制信号的工作介质，提供驱动力和力矩，并对执行元件的位置、速度、力和力矩进行控制。农业工程作为一门为农业生产和农村生活服务的综合性工程技术学科，具有其特殊性和复杂性，尤其是工作环境和对象。气力技术因其取材容易、设备简单、造价低廉、环保节能、控制方便等特点，而广泛应用在农业工程领域，并发 挥着越来越大的作用。研制的 2BJQ 12 型气吹式播种机等。一种新型的喷播机在我国也正处于示范推广阶段，该机器利用高速气流将灌木种子、草籽、颗粒毒饵以及水稻芽种喷撒出去，如 4BQD-40 型气力喷播机目前，气力技术在农作物收获上的应用尚处于推广探索阶段。其运用主要是利用手持机械喷嘴喷出的高速气流将果树上的果实打落和收集。如葡萄牙的科学家正尝试利用气力技术实现橄榄的收获机械化 ,一棵大树的橄榄采摘和收集时间平均仅为 0.8min，不仅降低了收获橄榄的劳动强度，更大大提高了橄榄的收获劳动生产率。匈牙利 Lang-Z 等人对 一种可提高果实识别率和缩短果实采摘时间的气动果实收获机械进行了研究，这种机械包含果实识别摄像机和果实采摘机械臂两部分，果实识别率可达 100，采摘果实完成时间仅为 3.63s 除了以上农业工程中的应用，气力技术还应用于畜牧业领域，如气力挤奶技术。挤奶的原理是利用负压将牛奶或羊奶吸出。气力传动和控制相比于传统的机械传动和控制具有许多优点，在今后一段时间，气力技术在农业工程中的应用会得到快速发展。 在传统的农业机械设计中，尤其是在农业机械专业学生的毕业设计中 ,所设计出的产品由于还没有得到制造、装配以至样机试验的验证，存在着许多不合理的设计，甚至是错误的设计，这些不当之处很难被发现。但随着计算机技术的快速发展 ,虚拟制造和运动仿真在许多企业中得以应用，从而大大缩短了试制周期，降低了生产成本，也给农业机械专业教学提供了新的条件。 Solidworks 是一款优秀的基于 Windows 的三维造型软件，通过它可以进行三维零件设计和三维虚拟装配。该软件支持参数驱动，可以随意更改设计数据，类似于资源管理器中的特征管理器，可以方便地查看复杂零部件的设计细节和层次关系 ;使零 部件与工程图之间以及零部件与装配图之间的更新完全同步；同时还具有强大的复杂曲面造型能力，能轻松设计出表面形状复杂的曲面零件。同时通过三维nts 装配图，它还可以动态地仿真出构件间的传动关系，从而缩短了产品的设计周期 ,降低了设计成本，提高了设计质量，因此被广泛应用于产品开发中，已经发展成为三维机械造型的主流设计工具。 驱动桥处于动力传动系的末端 ,其基本功能是增大由传动轴或变速箱传来的转矩 ,并将动力合理地分配给左、右驱动轮 ,另外还承受作用于路面和车架或车身之间的垂直力、纵向力和横向力。农业机械中所选用的驱动桥和悬架的 总体方案 ,对其性能起到决定性的作用。基于 Solidworks 软件的设计特点 ,我们采用了“自顶向下”和“自底向上”相结合的模式设计驱动桥 ,取得了良好的效果。“自顶向下”模式是先确定驱动桥总体的装配结构和零件组成 ,对不同设计方案进行分析、组合 ,确定最佳方案在确定了装配体外形后 ,再对某些零件进行详细的设计。对一些具有确定尺寸的零件 ,如齿轮等 ,则可以采用“自底向上”的模式 ,即先绘制出具体零件 ,再进行相应装配设计。在总装配模型中 ,还可以进行零件之间的干涉检查 ,以消除初始设计中的错误当然 ,运用同样的方法 ,还可以进行农机其它方面的设计。 零件设计是三维农机设计中的基础 ,要求三维软件的零件设计功能齐全 ,实现零件的手段简洁快 ,并且容易做各种修改 ,如钣金、曲面造型、不同厚的面抽壳等。 Solidworks 的最大优点是对零的修改 ,它用一种能够记录设计过程的 Featuremnager(特征管理员 )设计历史树 ,随意地改变零件状和设计意图。这样设计师就可以在暂时不考虑寸的情况下进行设计 ,待形状确定后再进行尺寸束。某设计师设计完的零件被其他设计师调用时新的设计师能够很快地通过历史树了解此设计意和设计过程 ,并可以马上 按自己的设计思想进行改。另外，对于已经用二维 CAD 软件画完的文件可以直接被 Solidworks 调用产生草图，经过拉伸旋转等特征处理 ,很方便地产生三维实体模型。 利用 Solidworks 的 Animator 插件的动画功能 ,还可以实现驱动桥的动态仿真。在整个装配过程中，齿轮始终是运动的。因此 ,选用齿轮的一次循环时间作为动画制作的总时间长度，再根据其它运动部件的一次循环的相对运动时间 ,确定各自的动画录制时间。在一次运动循环中，首先设置移动路径的初始点 ,再逐步添加移动路径的关键点 ,即分别移动运动 部件至各个关键点 ,最后又返回运动的初始点 ,形成一条移动路径。对各个运动部件分别设置这样的移动路径 ,并保证各个移动不会产生部件的干涉，以完成驱动桥动画录。我们将动画录制记录为 Windows 的 nts AVI 格式，可以脱离 Solidworks 环境运行，观察仿真设计结。在设计的演示过程中，我们要求设计者 (比如学生 )采用动画形式演示整个驱动、悬架的运动和装配过程，以直观地显示其设计方案 ,节省大量的解释时间 ,从而突出设计者的设计创新能力，也为农机教学的毕业设计和答辩开辟了一条新的途径。 nts How Air Seeder Works An air seeder is an agricultural implement also called a planter or seeder and it is used to plant usually a seed crop in a large field. It was first patented in Australia in the 1950s. For many years seeders had a seed box running the width of the implement which allowed the seed to fall by gravity into the seed row. It was difficult to fill, clean out and transport. The air seeder has centrally located hoppers for seed and fertilizer which distributes them through an air stream to individual seed rows. It is convenient to fill, easy to clean out and move. Any crop that can be grown from seeds - which might vary is size from oilseeds to corn, can be sewn by an air seeder. The grain and fertilizer hoppers are usually carried on a large cart located behind or in front of the seeder. The air stream is created by a high capacity fan mounted on the cart which blows air through pipes located under the grain and fertilizer tank. Grain and Fertilizer are metered out from the hoppers by a meter wheel that is turning in a ratio set by the operator for the proper seed rate or seed density. The seeds enter the pipe in the airstream and follow the pipes which terminate in the seedbed. Openers pulled through the soil make the opening where the seeds are place. They are made of steel in the shape of points, discs or cultivator shovels. Once placed in the seed bed, the air is blown out the opening in the soil and the seed and fertilizer remain. The seeder can then pack the seeds tight to retain moisture near the seed and harrow the furrows so the field is not rough. Air seeders can seed at speeds up to possibly 10 MPH - planting many thousands of seeds a minute distributing them evenly and accurately. How does the air seeder do this? Using a principle in physics - a gas (air) will distribute itself evenly amongst the divisions available to it. Just like they know where to go, the seed and fertilizer granuals follow the air through divisions of the piping evenly and accurately. The width of the air seeder can expand for working width and to fold together for transport and have been built to widths of 85 ft - maybe more. Air seeders are expensive to purchase and operate. They require expensive tractors to pull them and they need a steady supply of seed, fertilizer and have wearing parts such as soil openers. The operator must be competent and careful because a mistake in setting the seed placement, seeding rate or in operating the machinery can also be expensive. A mistake or delay in seeding can cost lower grades or a growing season for the crop. Pneumatic technology including pneumatic transmission and control two aspects, its essence is compressed air as the driving force and control signals, and provide the working medium of driving force and moment of actuators, and the position and speed, power and torque control. Agricultural engineering as a door of agricultural production and rural life service comprehensive engineering discipline, has its particularity and complexity, especially the work environment and the object. Pneumatic technology because of its materials, simple, easy, and environmental protection nts and energy saving, low cost and easy control, etc. Extensively used in agricultural engineering field, and plays a more and more important role. Pneumatic technology including pneumatic transmission and control two aspects, its essence is compressed air as the driving force and control signals, and provide the working medium of driving force and moment of actuators, and the position and speed, power and torque control. Agricultural engineering as a door of agricultural production and rural life service comprehensive engineering discipline, has its particularity and complexity, especially the work environment and the object. Pneumatic technology because of its materials, simple, easy, and environmental protection and energy saving, low cost and easy control, etc. Extensively used in agricultural engineering field, and plays a more and more important role. The research 2BJQ - 12 gas blowing machine, etc. A new kind of spray seeding machine in China are also in the popularization stage, this machine USES high-speed airflow will shrubs seeds, seed, and the grain of rice shoots baits, such as injection and 4BQD - 40 pneumatic spray seeding machine, pneumatic technology application in crops harvested in promotion stage of exploration. Its main use is holding the mechanical rotating nozzle air strike on the fruit trees will collect and. If the Portuguese scientists are trying to use pneumatic technology of olive tree, a harvesting mechanization of picking and collect on average olives, not only for 0.8 min reduces the labor intensity, harvest olives more greatly increased the productivity of Labour. Harvest olives, Hungary well - Z who can improve fruit of a recognition and shorten the fruit picking fruit harvest time of pneumatic machinery was studied, and the mechanical contains recognition cameras and fruit picking manipulator is two parts, 100% fruit rate, picking fruit finish time is only a 3.63 s besides above agricultural engineering application, pneumatic technology is applied in animal husbandry fields, such as pneumatic milking technology. The principle is to use negative pressure will absorb milk or milk. Pneumatic transmission and control the mechanical transmission and compared with conventional methods, control has many advantages over a period of time in the future, pneumatic technology in agricultural engineering application will be developed rapidly. In the traditional agricultural machinery design, especially in agriculture machinery professional students of graduation design, the design of the product has not been due to the manufacturing and assembly of the prototype test and verify, there exist many unreasonable design, and even wrong design, these improper have been hard to find. But along with the rapid development of computer technology and virtual manufacturing and motion simulation in many enterprises in application, thus greatly shorten the trial period, lower production cost, and also to the agricultural machinery professional teaching provides new conditions. 1.Solidworks software features. Solidworks is a good 3d modeling software based on Windows, through its three-dimensional parts can be designed and 3d virtual assembly. This software support parameters can be altered, drive design data, similar to the resource management features of manager, can easily see complex components design details and the hierarchical relationships, Make parts and engineering drawings and between parts assembly and update the synchronism, It also has strong nts ability of complex surface modeling, can easily design of curved surface of the complex shaped parts. Through 3d assembly, it can also dynamic simulation of the components, and the relationship between the transmission of the shortened product design cycle, reduce the cost, improve the design quality of design, have been widely applied in product development, has become the mainstream of three-dimensional mechanical modelling design tools. 2.in parts of the design Solidworks. Parts design is the design, three-dimensional machinery parts design requirements of 3d software function is well-found, the realization means succinct, parts and easy to do all kinds of changes, such as metal surface, modelling, different thickness of surface pumping hulls. The biggest advantage is to Solidworks, it changes with zero a record of the design process Featuremnager (characteristic administrator) design history tree, and optionally change parts design intent. This stylist can temporarily dont consider the situation to carry on the design, to determine the size shape after again. After a designer parts by other stylist called the new designer can quickly through the design history tree and design process, and can immediately to design thought. In addition, with two-dimensional CAD software to have finished painting the files can be directly produced by Solidworks sketch, after calling characteristics such as tensile rotation, easily produce three-dim
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