高三英语动词不定式的基本用法课件.ppt

动词不定式 not tomake not tohavemade not tobemaking not tohavebeenmaking not tobemade not tohavebeenmade 动词不定式的构成与形式 make 不定式的特点 1 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词 不能充当谓语 2 仍具有动词的特性 可以有时态 语态的变化 也可以有自己的宾语 状语 动词不定式的语法功能 动词不定式 短语 在句中可以作主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语和宾补 subject object predictiveattribute adverbialobjectcomplement 不定式的用法 1 itisrighttogiveupsmoking 2 shewantedtoborrowmybike 3 icameheretoseeyou 4 heneedsaroomtolivein 5 iaskedhimtodotheworkwithme 6 mywishistobecomeadoctor 主语 宾语 状语 定语 宾补 表语 1 subject主语 1 tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes 2 toloseyourheartmeansfailure itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart summary1 tofindthewayisreallydifficult 动词不定式作主语2 itishardforstrangertofindtheway it作形式主语 动词不定式做真正主语 it adj forsb todo3 it skindofyoutohelpme it作形式主语 动词不定式作真正主语 it adj ofsb todo itis easy difficult hard important impossible possible necessary unnecessary interesting forsb todosth 2 itis kind good nice wise clever foolish right wrong careful careless polite impolite ofsb todosth 句型 2 predicative表语 1 herjobistocleanthehall 2 heappearstohavecaughtacold pleasedorememberthelinkverbs1 be2 静态 lie stay remain stand keep 3 动态 变化 turn get become grow 4 感官 taste seem smell feel exercisesjane whatisyourplanforthesummervacation mary myplanis whataboutyou jane mywishis summary动词不定式作表语时 主语经常是dream plan wish business等 tovisitnewyork togotothenorthpole 3 object宾语 weagreedtomeethere butsofarshehasnotturnupyet 2 marxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinrussia i 常与不定式作宾语连用的动词有 want hope wish offer prefer plan learn help pretend refuse agree promise fail manageetc ii 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用 在句中充当主语 宾语 表语 thebookexplainhowtosolvetheproblem 2 whentogoforanoutingisstillunderdiscussion 3 myquestionwaswheretogetthebooks iii 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语1 ihavenochoicebuttostayhere 2 hedidnothinglastsundaybutrepairhisbike beginstartcontinue tododoing 注意下列动词 likelovehateprefer tododoing rememberforgetregret tododoing trymeanstopgoon tododoing 4 objectcomplement宾补 i 以下动词常跟动词不定式作宾补 want wish ask tell order beg permit help advise persuade allow prepare cause force callon waitfor invite1 mymotheraskedmetowashtheclothes 2 don tmakethemdoit ii 有些动词与不带to的不定式连用 但变被动语态时 不定式要加to吾看三室两厅一感觉 五看三使役两听一感觉 make let have watchseenoticelook at observe listento hear feel 1 isawhimcrosstheroadwith 2 hewasseentocrosstheroadwith 5 attribute定语 注意 i 1 放在所修饰的名词或代词之后 构成主谓或动宾关系 2 主动表被动 3 表示将来 4 修饰被最高级 序数词或no all any等限定的中心词 5 修饰的词常为抽象名词 常见的有 ability chance idea fact excuse promise answer reply attempt belief way reason moment time 1 thenexttraintoarriveisfromnewyork 2 hewasalwaysthefirstpersontoleave 3 hehastoomanythingstodo 4 ihavenothingtosayonthisquestion 5 yourquestionisdifficulttoanswer 6 i mbusypreparingfortheexamtocomeinafewweeks 7 hewasthelaststudenttocome ii 如不定式为不及物动词 其后应有介词heisapleasantpersontoworkwith ihaveonlyasmallroomtolivein ineedapentowritewith hehasnoplaceto live 但是如果不定式修饰time place way 可以省略介词 thefoodtolive thebustocomehere thepentowrite theroomtolive theknifetocut on on with in with 6 adverbial状语 i 表目的heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain 注意 当不定式作状语放于句首时 不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语要一致 tosavemoney everymeanshasbeentried tosavemoney hehastriedeverymeans tolearnenglishwell adictionaryisneeded tolearnenglishwell heneedsadictionary ii 表原因1 iamglad sorrytohearthat 2 youareverykindtohelpus iii 表结果1 hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone 2 shewastooyoungtounderstandallthat 常用only放在不定式前表示强调 ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout i toschool only thatitwasaholiday a hurry tofindb hurried tofindc hadhurried findingd havehurried finding 找出句中的动词不定式并说明其在句中的作用 1 ichoosetostudyphysicstolearnmoreabouttheuniverse 2 iwanttobecomeas