英文翻译外文文献翻译475螺杆压缩机转子加工中刀具磨损的几何计算方法
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英文翻译外文文献翻译475螺杆压缩机转子加工中刀具磨损的几何计算方法,机械毕业设计英文翻译
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Screw compressor rotor machining tool wear the geometric calculation method Abstract: screw compressor rotor milling and processing a grinding two methods, usually conducted in two phases processing; first stage is rough, when the workpiece to be processed about its size to the second stage of Finished, when the rotor be processed into its final size when completed. Materials or cutting cushion in the finishing was removed, it is by milling, grinding and cutting tools determined by the design. Taking into account the screw compressor rotor is a spiral shape, in the process of cutting, cutting tool on every point of contact with the rotor of the horizontal length is not the same, therefore, finished at the rate of wear and tear tool of its type along the line is Inconsistent. Envelop the meshing theory be used here in terms of the process of cutting tool on every point and the relative motion between the rotor. To a certain scale, in this relative movement of assumptions, calculated on every point of the tool wear rate. By calculating the results and experimental tool that the rate of wear and tear, we can see that both the conclusions are the same. On this basis, can know how to create a rough time so that semi-processed materials while the thinning tool and thereby facilitate the finishing tool at the same rate of wear and tear. A similar technology is being applied to many of the machines during processing, and forming a variety of knives were also used for these technical. Keyword: screw compressors; spiral rotor; manufacturing tool 1. Description: Screw compressor is a displacement of the rotary volume machines, it mainly by the meshing of a spiral rotor component, in the case, do rotor rotary movement, with its volume of the rotor spinning change. Todays main rotor was a screw-type, used for milling or grinding. In either form of processing by the rotor, rotor can be used to define the coordinates of their geometric characteristics, as shown in Figure 1. To run a good screw compressor rotor must mesh properly, and in the contact line in the rotor to retain a certain seal. This requires suitable for processing such knives, and must be a reasonable process of engagement worked out. Gear envelope of processing methods, if in a particular relative movement of a surface on another envelope, on this surface is meshing the two. Equation (1) the definition of a given surface, the second surface by equation (2) and the equation (3) is given. Rotor in x, y coordinates the work surface for the change function x (t) and y (t). Through the x (t) and y (t) can be defined the type of rotor, Figure 2 is a typical example. Equation (4) is a familiar mating surface. Rotor coordinate their knives and coordinates the derivation can be equation (5). Equation (5) in C on behalf of the rotor shaft centerline the distance between the rotor and tool is the angle ntsbetween the shaft. h t mean, respectively, and the rotor and tool the surface. These surface of the envelope equation by equation (6) in the rotation angle to function in the form of that out. Because the surface is generated by the t to define the parameters, the envelope can be used to calculate the other parameters, it is the back corner of the rotor, is generated mesh surface as a factor. Envelope equation in the cross-section of the generation that is part of the plane, but two general points on the relative speed rotary tool is the point of view. Rotor of the lead by each rotor rotary angle to determine; r (t, )=hhh zyx ,=xcos -ysin ,xsin +ycos ,p (1) 0,c o ss in,s inc o s, tytxtytxttyhtxhtr zh Naming C Rotor Tool center distance Rotor rotary angle P Rotor each arc-lead Rotor-point line tan = xy R Tool-line coordinate Pressure angletan =xy r Vector coordinates Rot Shaft angle s Measuring Tool Wea Tool perspective t Rotor parameters x x Coordinate h Rotor spiral t y Coordinate hn Surface preparation of the rotor z z Coordinate n Rotor cross-section preparation Ms Liu area t Tool nts Figure 1 Rotor Tool and the coordinates , pxy hhr (3) P(t, , )= c o ss in,s in,c o s, hhttttt zyRRzyx = c o ss in,s inc o s, hhhhh zyzyCx(4) ,0,ttp xys in)(,c o s)(,c o ss in CxCxyphhhp (5) 0*)*( prtr (6) .0)c o t()(*)c o t( CppyxpxCxhyhxhyhhhh (7) Equation (7) in the equation (6) on the basis of the conditions of engagement, into the specific data can be obtained results. To set a parameter t, cross-section of the rotor coordinate x (t) and y (t) and ntstheir derivative known Rafah. Through the equation (1) and (2) and the parameters of the valve can be calculated. 2222 )s i nc o s()(c o ss i n hhhttttt zyCxyxyxR .c o ssin hht zyz（ 8） Meshing conditions show that the spiral in the formation surface, the screw rotor precise tool of a broader and very convenient to use. With related gear envelope production of linear cutter involute line in the example of many in the relevant materials, such as Litin and Fuentes. But Andreev 2 and xing 3 in their recent book by using screw Compressor specific forms of processing tool to screw compressor theory. Stosic 4 propose a suitable rotation of the screw rotor imbalance and do not intersect axis production methods. And Stosic Etal. 5 not only describes the intersection axis method. Equation (10) gives a reverse tool of the special form of the rotor. It can be used to calculate the impact of screw rotor manufacturing processing equipment deficiencies. Tool is given the coordinates, the rotor-line through the coordinates of the points equation (4) the inverse operation can be calculated. Algorithms are as follows; c o ss ins in,s inc o ss in,c o s, ttttthhh zRzRCRzyx （ 9） Angle from the next-calculated parameters: 0c ots in)c ot(c os)( CpCpzRRtztRtzttt （ 10） Shizi over by equation (!) The inverse operation can be calculated rotor horizontal coordinates x and y. are as follows: c o ss in,s inc o s, hhhh yxyxyx （ 11） Here pzp h Once the results worked out along the distribution of the dispersion of meshing tool can be used to calculate the rotor and the coordinates. The same can be identified contact line and the rotor, rotor and contacts between the tool path. Screw compressor line is sealed by a series of points near the rotor component, usually in the gap between the rotor, a similar, knives and the contact line between the workpiece can be regarded as a rotor of the contact line, redundant Preparation should be removed when the rotor ntsmachining. If these remaining tool processing of raw materials have not been out, that gap is often overlooked. In this case, presented by the more than expected, with results to calculate the gap tool wear. 2. Ms Liu calculated given the coordinates distribution 2.1 more than expected given the coordinates of the rotor If the rotor from the processing of raw materials out of a given thickness of the rotor to the vertical surface of a normal position, rough when the rotor plane of the corresponding coordinates and finishing at the rotor plane of the corresponding coordinate the different representatives in the process of cutting the rotor and Tool of relative movement. When the rotor in the calculation of rough circumferential, and the equation (6), a related derivative of the r to determine the normal direction of the rotor. Rotor plane method used to calculate the coordinates. It does not include the rotor cross-section coordinates of the remaining preparation of raw materials, is more than the thickness of material calculated as follows: )(,dtdyydtdxxDzdtdxDpyydtdyDpxx hnhnhn （ 12） Here diameter D calculated from the next 2222 )()()(dtdyydtdxxdtdypdtdxpD （ 13） Preparation of the horizontal coordinates of the rotor can equation (11) worked out at the point of cutting tools for rough coordinates, finishing tool when the coordinates from the original rotor x and y coordinates to calculate. Rough at the rotor plane of the corresponding coordinates and finishing at the rotor plane of the corresponding coordinate the different representatives in the process of cutting tool and the rotor relative movement. When the rotor in the calculation of rough cross-section coordinates, finishing at the cross-section coordinates x, y,. Can get the same conclusion. The conclusions from the rough, can also coordinate the rotor cutter knives and finishing at the coordinates of that. 2.2 tool wear The start given the tools, wear parts and tool and the relative motion between the relevant rate. Rough and finishing tool when the coordinates can illustrate this point. Or through the rough when the rotor and finishing at the rotor plane or cross-section of the difference can be seen. The following example is through the rotor in the rough when the cross-section coordinates and finishing of the cross-section. nts22 )()( yyxxs nn （ 14） From the equation (14) can be calculated tool wear, the cutter knives from excessive wear and tear can see the coordinates. The sooner that coordinates changes also wear faster rate. This theory was later used to wear by Cutter calculated by the rotor of the processing line. To wear a specific method is feasible in proportion to gradually enlarge it, stack it to the rotor or tool-line, the right-line position on a reasonable estimate wear. 3. Examples of applications 3. Examples of industrial application of the rotor is a 5-6 tooth meshing of the yin and yang of mutual rotor, plans were set out two of their engagement, map conversion of the diameter of 144 mm, the rotor helix angle, the rotor center distance To 108 mm. 3.1 Cutting tool wear uniform Figure 2 is given by the rotor meshing situation tells us that screw compressor rotor and its engagement in the forming tool is neither parallel nor intersection of the axis. Equation (7) the solution can be calculated Rotor Tool meshing requirements. When the rotor is finishing cross-section point coordinates x, y and, on the rotor of the spiral can coordinate equation (1) obtained. Use the same method of calculation of rotor rough coordinates can be obtained at the thickness of material for more than 50. The meshing of the yin and yang rotor knives, their rotor knives from the Centre for 180 mm and 200 mm. Roughing and finishing tool is the same. Rotor and tool for the axis angle. ntsUniform caused by the cutting tool wear, the preparation was in order gradually increased 50 times, it superimposed on the coordinates of the tool, charts, three representatives of the curve in the coordinates, the cutter knives on the wear and tear from every point leads to the To a certain length of the line said. Tool of wear and tear of the tool along the line is inconsistent. In the rotor-point line all the perspective. Pressure angle is the same. Under such circumstances, the tool is the smallest of wear and tear, no other case of wear and tear than it big. 3.2 more than expected use of cutting tool to reduce the distribution of the wear and tear Uneven thickness over a certain amount of material was processed out, is what we expect. Because of uneven thickness of the material would cause more than cutter-type knives along the line the direction of wear. If Ms Liu is deemed to be a uniform distribution of more than expected, so the cycle of wear and tear caused can be a tool wear the uniform. Tool wear the uniform from the economic terms, should be the best option. Because it allows tool in the renovation period, or when to use sharp in the longest time. The new rotor coordinates and the old rotor coordinates x, y in comparison to be reflected in Figure 4. Rotor coordinates of a special online every point from a certain length of the line that coordinates the rotor case-by - Step increases 50 times, wear a result, not all the same. 3.3 experimental verification Calculated by the type of tool wear and get the actual measurement tool wear-line, on the basis of this production of the 150 twin-screw compressors. Figure 5 is rotor meshing of the yin and yang situation. Theory did not wear a given line of the tolerance zone for the 6, it said that a certain degree of wear and tear. Figure in the actual measurement tool wear-line marked by fine line, calculated type of tool wear line marked by rough line. Taken in line with the statement result of this calculation is correct. nts Figure 4 Figure 5 4. Conclusion Tool wear often occur in the screw compressor rotor machining process. Logically speaking in the hope that the uneven thickness of material from the rotor in the process of being processed out, otherwise it will cause along the tool-wear line thickness inconsistent. If a certain size tool to reverse the processing of surplus materials, will be in uniform thickness of the material, processing tool in the course of a certain rate cutting will produce a uniform tool wear. Gear envelope theory was as a meshing requirements, horizontal helical gears used this to calculate the distribution of preparation, it will cause the finishing tool wear. nts nts共 9 页 第 页 1 螺杆压缩机转子加工中刀具磨损的几何计算方法 摘要 ：螺杆压缩机转子加工有磨削和铣削两种方法，通常分两个阶段进行加工；第一阶段为 粗加工，当工件被加工到它的大概尺寸即可；第二阶段为精加工，当转子被加工成它的最终尺寸时完成。材料或切削余量在精加工中被除掉，它是由磨削和铣削加工时切削刀具的设计所决定的。考虑到螺杆压缩机的转子是螺旋形状，在切削过程中，刀具上的每一点与转子的横向接触线长度是不一样的，因此，精加工时刀具的磨损速率沿着它的型线也是不一致的。包络线的啮合理论被用于这里来计算在切削加工过程中刀具上 的每一点和转子之间的相对运动。以一定的比例尺，在此相对运动的假设下，计算出刀具上每一点的磨损速率。通过计算结果和实验得出的刀具的磨损速率的比较，可以看出两者的结论是一致的。在这个基础上，可以知道怎样去制造一种粗加工时使半加工余料变薄的刀具，从而促使精加工时刀具的磨损速率一致。一种相似的技术正被应用于许多机器的加工过程中，而多种成型刀具也是被用于这些技术上。 关键字 ：螺杆压缩机；螺旋转子；制造刀具 1介绍： 螺杆压缩机属于正排气量的回转式容积机器，它主要由一对啮合的螺旋转子组成，转子在机壳内做回转运动 ，它的容积随着转子的旋转而发生变化。今天的螺杆转子主要被造成盘型，来用于铣削或者磨削加工。无论是哪种形式加工出来的转子，可以用转子的坐标系来定义它们的几何特性，如图 1 所示。 要使螺杆压缩机运行良好，转子必须啮合得恰当，且在整个转子接触线中要保留一定的密封。这就要求有适合这种加工的刀具，且必须由合理的啮合过程计算出来。齿轮包络线的加工方法，如果在一个特定的相对运动中一个表面包络另一个表面，说明这两个表面是啮合的。方程（ 1）定义了给定的表面，第二个表面由方程（ 2）和方程（ 3）给出。转子在x,y 工作表面的坐标变化 函数为 x(t)和 y(t)。通过 x(t)和 y(t)就可以定义转子的型线，图 2 就是一个典型的例子。方程 (4)给出了一个熟悉的啮合表面。它们对转子 坐标和刀具 坐标的求导就可以得到方程 (5).方程 (5)中的 C 代表转子轴中心线之间的距离， 是转子和刀具轴之间的角度。 h 和 t 分别指转子和刀具的表面。这些表面的包络线方程由方程 (6)中的回转角度以函数的形式表示出来。 因为生成的表面是由参数 t 来定义的，包络线的情况可以用来计算另一个参nts共 9 页 第 页 2 数 ，它是转子的回转角，是生成啮合表面的一个因素。包络线方程中的横截面的生成说明线是属于该 平面的，而 是两表面一般点的相对速度， 是刀具回转角度。转子的的导程 由每个转子的回转角度来确定； r (t, )=hhh zyx ,=xcos -ysin ,xsin +ycos ,p (1) 0,c o ss in,s inc o s, tytxtytxttyhtxhtr zh (2) 命名 C 转子刀具中心距 转子回转角度 P 转子每弧度导程 转子型线角度 tan = xy R 刀具型线坐标 压力角 tan =xy r 转子矢量坐标 轴角度 s 刀具磨损测量 刀具角度 t 转子参数 x x 坐标 h 螺旋状转子 t y 坐标 hn 转子法面备料 z z 坐标 n 转子横截面备料 余 料面积 t 刀具 nts共 9 页 第 页 3 图 1 转子和 刀具的坐标系 , pxyhhr (3) P(t, , )= c o ss in,s in,c o s, hhttttt zyRRzyx = c o ss in,s inc o s, hhhhh zyzyCx(4) ,0,ttp xys in)(,c o s)(,c o ss in CxCxyphhhp (5) 0*)*( prtr (6) .0)c o t()(*)c o t( CppyxpxCxhyhxhyhhhh (7) nts共 9 页 第 页 4 方程 (7)在方程 (6)的基础上得到了啮合条件，代入具体的数据就可以求出结果。给定一个参数 t,转子横截面的点坐标 x(t)和 y(t)和它们的导数tytx 就知道拉。通过方程(1)和（ 2）和阀门的参数 可以计算出xhYX yhhh 和, . 图 2 双螺杆压缩机转子 改进的阀门参数 可以通过方程（ 7）算出。这个过程一直重复进行直到两个连续阀门之 间的差异变得足够小为止。 刀具横截面的点坐标ttR Z和可以通过方程（ 4）算出。 2222 )s inc o s()(c o ss in hhhttttt zyCxyxyxR .c o ssin hht zyz（ 8） 啮合条件表明，在生成螺旋表面时，精确的螺杆转子刀具应用较广泛且使用很方便。有关用齿轮包络线方法生产直线刀具渐开线的例子在很多教材中有相关的介绍 ,例如 Litin 和 Fuentes.然而 Andreev2和 xing3最近在他们的书中提出了用螺杆压缩机特定形式的刀具来加工螺杆压缩机的理论 。 Stosic4提出了一种合适的有关螺杆旋转转子不平衡和不相交轴的生产方 法。而 Stosic Etal.5只描述了不相交轴的方法。方程（ 10）给出了一种逆向刀具转子的特殊形式。它可以用来计算影响螺杆转子制造加工设备的不足之处。 给出刀具的坐标 ，转子型线的点坐标 通过方程（ 4）的逆运算可以算出。算法nts共 9 页 第 页 5 如下； c o ss ins in,s inc o ss in,c o s, ttttthhh zRzRCRzyx （ 9） 角度参数 由下式算出： 0c ots in)c ot(c os)( CpCpzRRtztRtzttt （ 10） 以上式子通过方程（！）的逆运算可以计算出转子横向坐标 x 和 y. 如下： c o ss in,s inc o s, hhhh yxyxyx （ 11） 这里 pzp h 结果一旦计算出来， 沿着分布图的分散性可以用来计算啮合刀具和转子的坐标系。同样可以确定接触线和转子，转子和刀具之间的接触路径。 螺杆压缩机的密封线是由转子附近一系列的点组成的，通常在转子之间存在间隙，类似的，刀具和工件之间的接触线可以被当作是转子的接触线，多余的备料应从转子加工时除去。如果这些剩余原材料没有被刀具 加工掉，通常被认为是间隙忽略。在这种情况下，通过给出的余料，用间隙结果来计算出刀具的磨损量。 2计算给定余料的坐标分布 2.1 给定余料的转子坐标 如果把从转子加工掉的原材料厚度 给定到转子竖直表面的一个正常位置 ,粗加工时转子法平面对应的坐标 和精加工时转子法平面对应的坐标 的不同代表在切削加工过程中转子和刀具的相对运动。在计算粗加工时转子横截面上，与方程（ 6）第一个有关的的 r 的导数，确定了转子的法线方向。用来计算转子法平面的坐标。它包括转子横截面没有剩余备料的原材料坐标，给出的余料厚度 计算如下： )(,dtdyydtdxxDzdtdxDpyydtdyDpxx hnhnhn （ 12） 这里直径 D 由下式算出 nts共 9 页 第 页 6 2222 )()()(dtdyydtdxxdtdypdtdxpD （ 13） 备料转子的横向坐标 可以通过方程（ 11）计算出来，角度 为粗加工时刀具的坐标，精加工时刀具的坐标由原始的转子坐标 x 和 y 来计算。粗加工时转子法平面对应的坐标 和精加工时转子法平面对应的坐标 的不同代表在切削加工过程中转子和刀具的相对运动。在计算粗加工时转子横截面坐标 ，精加工时横截面坐标 x,y 时。可以得到同样的结论。该结论也可以从粗加工时转子刀具坐标 和精加工时刀 具的坐标 得出。 2.2 刀具磨损 对于开始给定的刀具，磨损程度与工件和刀具之间的相对运动速率有关。粗加工和精加工时刀具的坐标可以说明这点。或者通过粗加工时转子和精加工时转子法平面或横截面的差异可以看出。以下例子是通过转子在粗加工时横截面坐标 和精加工时的横截面坐标 x,y 的来计算横截面的。 22 )()( yyxxsnn （ 14） 从方程（
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