高中英语定语从句The attributive clause课件课件.ppt

定语从句专题讲座 学习定语从句的关键是如何选择关联词 关联词在句中作状语就应使用关系副词 where when why等 否则使用关系代词 who whom whose which that等 二 由who whom whose引导的定语从句 who作主语 whom作宾语 whose用作定语 同时whose还可以指物 相当于ofwhich e g thisisthedoctorwhosavedthebaby slife heisthestudentwhomtheteacherpraisedatthemeeting 一 在复句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句 需要学习和掌握的定语从句有以下三种 由关系代词或关系副词引导的定语从句 由介词 which引导的定语从句 非限制性定语从句 1 iknowthegirlwhosemotherdiedayearago 2 haveyouseenthenotebookwhosecoverisblack 三 由which引导的定语从句 which在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语 e g 1 thisisthestorewhichopensallnight 2 thisisthepenwhichmybrotherboughtforme 3 isthisthehouseinwhichluxunoncelived oristhisthehousewhichluxunoncelivedin 4 thisisthemagazinewhichyouarelookingfor notes which whom在从句中作介词的宾语时 介词一般可置关系代词之前或放在从句原来的位置 但在含有介词的动词固定短语中介词只能放在原来的位置上 而不能放在which之前 如例4则不能改为thisisthemagazineforwhichyouarelooking 3 helivesinaroomwhosewindowopenstothesouth 四由that引导的定语从句 可以指人或物 代替who whom which 1 在定语从句中that在从句中作主语 宾语 但不能放在介词后作介词宾语 e g 1 thisisthephoto that which itookinbeijinglastyear 2 thisistheman that who livesnextdoor 3 isthistheprofessorthatyoutalkedaboutyesterday about不能放在that前面 但下列情况只能用that 1 序数词或最高级形容词修饰先行词时用that e g 1 thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatihaveeverread 2 thefirstenglishsongthatilearnedwasabcsong 2 allmuch everything nothing something anything作先行词时用that 但先行词是everybody everyone时应用who one指人时也用who e g 1 everythingthatwesawattheexhibitiongreatlyinterestedus 2 isthereanythingthatbelongstoyou 3 allthatweneedismoretime 4 nothingthattheparentsdodoesn tinfluencetheirchildren 3 先行词为any no only very等修饰时用that e g 1 thatistheonlywaythatwecanfindatpresent 2 thisisthetwelfthletterthatshehasreceivedfromhim 3 thisistheverymuseumthatwevisitedforthefirsttime 4 that可以用来引导限制性定语从句 当它在从句中作介宾时 介词应后移 e g thisisthegoodstudentthattheteacherstalkedaboutjustnow 5 先行词既指人又指物的并列名词时 用that e g mymotherandheroldfriendstalkedofthethingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool 非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句对先行词起限制作用 而非限制性定语从句是对概念清楚的先行词加以追加阐述或补充说明 1 非限制性定语从句一般用which who引导而不用that或what引导 作宾语的关系代词不能省略 从句与主句用逗号分开 e g 1 yesterdayisawyourbrother whotoldmethegoodnewsofyourmother srecoveryfromherillness 2 iwenttoseetheirnewhouse whichilikedverymuch 3 shehastwobrothers whoarebothdoctors 4 lastsaturdaytheyreachedshanghai whereameetingistobeheld 2 在非限制性定语从句中as与which可以在整个主句作为其先行词指代上面或下面说的一件事 其区别如下 1 a 从意义上来看which andthis that 可以译为 这 那 as inaccordancewithwhat 译为 正如 象 heisateacher which as isclearfromhismanner或heisateacher as which canbeseenfromhismanner thestudentforgottobringhisdictionary asisoftenthecase 此句中as不能用which代 2b 从as which在非限制性定语从句中的位置和作用来看as引导的从句可置于主句之前 亦可置于主句之后 which一般置于主句之后 e g 1 thispoemiswrittenbyscott asalmosteverybodyknows or thispoem whichalmosteverybodyknows iswrittenbyscott 2 oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth aswehaveseen or asiswell knowntousall oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth 但不可译为 whichiswell knowtousall oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth 一 用适当的关系代词或关系副词 1 yesterdayimetdoctorwang toldmethegoodnewsofhisson spassingtheexamination 2 thetwopupils youtaughtthreeyeasagohavebecometeachers 3 hebegantoworkinbeijingintheyear newchinaisfounded 4 idon tknowthereason shedidn tagreetoourplan 5 thisisasoldier diedinthewarofresistance who that who that whom when why who that 6 hetoldeverything hehadseeninthetrafficaccident 7 thiswasthebestmodelofthetvset thefactoryproducedlastyear 8 theyhavevisitedthemuseumofchinesehistory prem