带内螺纹的洗涤容器弹簧固定体注塑模设计答辩稿.ppt
带内螺纹的洗涤容器弹簧固定体注塑模设计【含23张CAD图纸、说明书】
收藏
资源目录
压缩包内文档预览：
编号：53712885
类型：共享资源
大小：1.26MB
格式：ZIP
上传时间：2020-03-04
上传人：机****料
认证信息
个人认证
高**（实名认证）
河南
IP属地：河南
50
积分
- 关 键 词：
-
含23张CAD图纸、说明书
螺纹
洗涤
容器
弹簧
固定
注塑
设计
23
CAD
图纸
说明书
- 资源描述：
-
【温馨提示】压缩包内含CAD图并可以预览，直观呈现眼前查看、尽收眼底纵观。打包内容里dwg后缀的文件为CAD图，可编辑，无水印，高清图，压缩包内文档可直接点开预览，需要原稿请自助充值下载，所见才能所得，请见压缩包内的文件预览，请细心查看有疑问可以咨询QQ：11970985或197216396
- 内容简介：
-
1目目 录录前前 言言4第一章第一章 塑件分析设计塑件分析设计5第第 1.11.1 节节51.1.2 选材方法61.1.3 材料选择6第第 1.2 节节 塑料制品的结构设计塑料制品的结构设计71.2.1 尺寸精度7第二章第二章 方案论证方案论证8第三章第三章 注射机的选择注射机的选择9第四章第四章 注塑模设计注塑模设计11第第 1 1 节节 型腔数及排列方式型腔数及排列方式11第第 2 2 节节 浇注系统的设计浇注系统的设计12第第 3 3 节节 分型面设计分型面设计15第第 4 4 节节 成型零件的设计成型零件的设计15第 4.1 节 概述164.2.1 组合型腔的设计164.2.2 型芯的结构设计16第 4.3 节 成型尺寸的计算17第 4.4 节 螺纹型心尺寸计算19第 4.5 节 型芯的高度的计算20第第 5 章章 齿轮的设计齿轮的设计222第第 5.15.1 节、齿轮节、齿轮 1 1 的设计的设计22第第 5.25.2 节、节、 圆锥齿轮圆锥齿轮 6 6 和和 7 7 的设计的设计24第第 5.35.3 节、齿轮节、齿轮 8 8 的设计的设计26第第 5.45.4 节节 轴承的设计轴承的设计27第第 5.55.5 节、轴承的选择节、轴承的选择28第第 5.65.6 节节 轴的设计轴的设计29第六章第六章 塑件脱模机构的设计塑件脱模机构的设计30第七章第七章 合模导向机构的设计合模导向机构的设计31第第 7.17.1 节节 引言引言31第第 7.2 节节 导柱的设计要点导柱的设计要点31第第 7.37.3 节节 导套的设计要点导套的设计要点32第八章第八章 模温调节系统的设计模温调节系统的设计32第第 8.18.1 节节 模具温度设计原则模具温度设计原则32第第 8.28.2 节节 冷却系统设计原则冷却系统设计原则33第第 8.38.3 节节 温度调节系统的设计温度调节系统的设计1133第第 8 84 4 节节 冷却回路设计冷却回路设计36第九章第九章 工艺参数的校核工艺参数的校核37第第 9.19.1 节节 最大注射量的校核最大注射量的校核37第第 9.29.2 节节 注射压力的校核注射压力的校核373第第 9.39.3 节节 锁模力的校核锁模力的校核37第第 9.49.4 节节 开模行程的校核开模行程的校核38第第 9.9. 5 5 节节 安装尺寸的校核安装尺寸的校核38第十章第十章 结结 论论39致谢致谢39参考文献参考文献40参阅外文资料节选参阅外文资料节选41外文资料译文外文资料译文55456前前 言言 塑料材料的成型加工已经成为我国重要的产业。塑料材料只有通过成型才能成为具有使用价值的各种制品，而塑料的成型一般通过模具来成型，因此在塑料生产过程中模具是必不可少的。塑料模具对实现成型工艺要求和塑件使用要求起着十分重要的作用。任何塑件的生产和更新换代都是以模具的制造和更新为前提的，由于目前工业和民用塑件的产量猛增，质量要求越来越高，因而导致了塑料模具研究、设计和制造技术的迅猛发展。我国模具工业从起步到飞跃发展，历经了半个多世纪，近几年来，我国模具技术有了很大发展，模具水平有了较大提高。大型、精密、复杂、高效和长寿命模具又上了新台阶。塑料注射模成型所用的模具即称为注射成型模具，简称注射模。注射模区别于其它塑料模具的特点是，模具先由注射机合模机构闭合紧密，然后由注射机注射装置将高温高压的塑料熔体注入模具型腔内，经冷却或固化定型后，开模取出塑件。因此注射模能一次成型出外形复杂、尺寸精确或带有嵌件的塑料制件。本论文就是一个注射模的设计，设计塑件为洗涤容器内一个弹簧固定件。他的主要点在于塑件两边都有内螺纹，在设计，成型，脱模方面都有一定难度，本论文主要查阅一些螺纹设计的文献，采用齿条齿轮脱模方式脱出大标准螺纹，强制脱出内圆牙螺纹的方法脱模。 设计者 7第一章第一章 塑件分析设计塑件分析设计注射塑料制品的选材要求主要取决于使用要求，为达到均衡选材还需考虑材料的注射工艺性和模具的结构工艺性，以及材料的成本。一个完美的塑料制件，要根据制品的使用要求和外观要求从力学性能、美术造型和成型工艺、塑料模具设计和制造等多方面进行考虑。塑件的物理力学性能，如刚度、强度、韧性、弹性、吸水性、以及对应力的敏感性。设计塑件时尽量发挥其优点，避免和补偿其缺点。塑料的成型工艺，如流动性、成型收缩率及收缩率的各项差异等。塑件的形状应有益于脱模、排气、补缩，同时能使热塑性塑料制品达到高效、均匀冷却。塑件结构应是模具结构尽可能简单，特别是避免侧向分型抽芯机构和简化脱模机构。使模具机构符合制造工艺要求。第第 1.11.1 节节 塑料材料的选择表 13 几种常用塑料的使用性能排序序号性能说 明塑料代号排序1强度刚度高 低PA POM PSU PET EP ABS PS PVC PMMA PP PE2耐磨减磨好 差PA PAR PP PBT PC FEP POM ABSPVC PS PMMA PSU表 12 几种塑料的性能比较材料名称密度（g/cm3）强度极限 b（kg/mm2）比强度b/弹性模量 E(kg/mm2)比刚度（E/）价格元/吨PE0.9639.541.21078.71123.76600PP0.9032.335.91274.81416.47450PS1.0648.645.93137.92905.87850ABS1.0548.045.12059.31961.210100POM1.4160.442.82745.71947.315000PA-61.1381.071.72745.72418.3116900PA-661.1478.368.61274.81118.218900PC1.2061.851.52353.41961.12010083耐化学性好 可PCTFEF3 PEEK PPS PENTON PTFE PPSU PPO ABS HDPE PB PA PC PMMA 4耐热性高 低PTFE EP PSU PC PP PE POM PMMA ABS PS PVC5尺寸稳定性精 粗PENTON PVC PSF PS PMMA ABS PC PA PSU PPO PP PE6抗老化性强 弱FEP F46 PTFE UEMWPE PEEK PMMA PAR PBT PC POM7阻燃性好 差PTFE PVC PI PPO PC PVF PEC EP PMMA PE PP8电性能低 高PTFE PE PVC PET PMMA PI PBT PPS PA TTE PPP 9透明性好 劣PMMA PS PC PCTFEF3 PA PA-101010耐折叠性好 差PP PE PVC PPC PS ABS 1.1.21.1.2 选材方法选材方法经验法。按选材经验和推荐使用情况综合考虑使用要求，选取合适的材料，其中还须考虑经济成本和材料来源。1.1.31.1.3 材料选择材料选择根据经验和推荐该塑件采用材料 pp。pp 的特性、注射工艺及模具条件介绍：表 14 PP 的部分性能密度 g/cm0.90.91屈服强度 MPa37线胀系数/9.8抗压强度 MPa56计算收缩率%1.02.5断裂伸长率%200燃烧性慢弯曲模量 GPa1.45物理性能透明性半透明力学性能冲击韧度 kJ/mm3.54.8（缺口）时间 h12化不含稳定剂时表面迅速变色、发脆，加抗氧剂可以改善其抗大气成预 热温度801009老化性能后段160180对碱类稳定中段180200料筒温度前段200220对多数油类稳定，能吸收极少量矿物油、植物油模温4080注射压力 MPa70120强酸及高浓度氧化剂能引起破坏，对水和无机盐溶液稳定。注射2060高压03成型时间（总周期50160）s冷却2090学性能受许多烃类、酮类高级脂肪族的侵蚀而软化或溶解，对醇类稳定。型条件螺杆转速 r/min48第第 1.2 节节 塑料制品的结构设计塑料制品的结构设计1.2.11.2.1 尺寸精度尺寸精度 塑料制品的尺寸精度与塑料制品品种有关，根据各种塑料收缩率不同，可将各种塑料的公差等级分为高精度、一般精度和低精度。对于塑料制品技术要求和尺寸精度尽量降低，采用一般精度。PP 塑件一般精度为 MT4，未注公差尺寸为 MT62。1.2.2 表面质量塑件表面质量包括表面粗糙度和表观缺陷状况（缺料、溢料、凹陷、熔接痕、银纹、浇口处发浑、翘曲、粘膜和粘流道等） 。如果不考虑表观缺陷状况，则制品的表面质量主要取决于表面粗糙度。一般而言，原材料的质量、工人操作水平及模具型腔的表面粗糙度等因素均对制品的表面粗糙度有影响，其中模腔的表面粗糙度影响最大。制品要求的表面粗糙度数值越小，模腔表面越光滑，加工模具时的研磨抛光要求也越高，模具制造的难度也越大。因此，制品表面的粗糙度应视情况而定，除了考虑使用要求外，还须考虑美观。模塑制品的表面粗糙度通常为 Ra0.021.28m，这里取 Ra0.8。模腔表面粗糙度数值为制品的1/2，即 Ra0.010.64m,这里取 Ra0.4。101.2.3 结构设计及工艺性如图 11 塑件图。制品的外形尺寸主要受塑料品种的流动性和注塑机规格的（包括注塑量、合模力、成型面积和动、定模座尺寸等）限制。在满足使用要求的前提下，将制品设计得尽量紧凑。制品的壁厚及其均匀性对塑件质量影响很大：壁厚过小，成型时熔体流动阻力大，大型复杂制品难以充满型腔；壁厚过大，不仅使原料消耗增大，生产成本提高，更重要的是增加了冷却时间，成型周期延长。PP 塑件的最小壁厚通常为 0.64mm，常用壁厚为 2.0mm，最大壁厚 4.53 mm1。这里塑件的最大壁厚为 3mm,平均壁厚为 1.5mm.第二章第二章 方案论证方案论证本文所设计的产品含有内螺纹，所以必须设计螺纹脱模机构。以前生产过程中，生产厂家生产产品的模具的脱模机构是将螺纹成型芯和制品一起推出型腔外，然后再由生产人员手动旋出制品。这种生产方式属于手动脱模方式，进行生产的模具结构简单，但需要数个螺纹型芯和预热装置，还需要机外辅助取型芯结构，生产效率低下，劳动强度大，只适用于小批量生产及试制，所以这次设计11厂家明确要求用螺纹自动脱模机构。现在普遍使用的螺纹自动脱模机构一般都是旋转式脱出方式，而且旋转式脱出方式一般都是用机械模内自动旋出。旋转式脱出又分为螺纹型芯一面旋转一面退回的结构和螺纹型芯只旋转不轴向后退的结构。在这两种方式中，我选择了型型芯旋转不退回的方式，但是由于是齿轮齿条结构，螺纹型心会随动模退出。因为塑件两面都有内螺纹，要保证塑件留在定模边就可以运用拉杆拉动顶板顶出塑件。机械结构运动的动力来源又有很多种：比如开模时的动力、电动机的动力、液压缸或汽压缸的动力。我选择了开模时的动力，这样既简化了结构，又不用增加附加动力来源，节约了成本。最终，形成了这样一种螺纹自动脱模机构：开模时导柱齿条带动与其啮合的齿轮旋转，齿轮带动同轴上的圆锥齿轮的旋转，旋转的圆锥齿轮带动与其相啮合的另一个圆锥齿轮，带动了中心圆柱齿轮，中心圆柱齿轮又带动各螺纹成型芯的旋转，使塑件与螺纹型芯脱离。由于塑件在定模上的螺纹抱紧作用使塑件留在定模边。同时在定模边也有一个圆牙螺纹 标准普通螺纹及圆牙螺纹各数据如下外径（mm）中径(mm)小径(mm)螺距(mm)普通螺纹11.6210.65101.5 螺距（mm）牙高(mm)大径(mm)中径(mm)小径(mm)非螺纹封闭的管螺纹1.8141.16220.95519.7918.631 由于采用圆牙螺纹可采用强制脱模。第三章第三章 注射机的选择注射机的选择注塑成型机类型和规格很多，卧式注塑机是目前使用最广泛的注塑成型机,其注塑柱塞或螺杆与模板的合模运动均沿水平方向装设，并且多数在一条直线上，其优点是机体较低，容易操纵和加料，制件推出模具后可自动坠落，故意实现全自动化操作，机床重心较低安装稳定，一般大中型注塑机均采用这种形式。此处就采用卧式螺杆式注塑机。12模具设计时需要考虑注射机技术的规范有：最大注射量、最大注射压力、最大锁模力、模具安装尺寸和开模行程等。由于同一规格的注射机，生产厂家不同，技术规格也有所不同，所以设计时最好查阅注射机生产厂家提供的注射机使用说明书上标明的技术规格。初选浙江塑料机 6 械厂 SZ-400/ZT SZ-400/ZC数据如下螺杆直径（mm）303540理论注射容积(cm)3466382注射压力（M Pa）220162124锁模力（KN）400MAX250模具厚度 MIN125模板行程（mm）250模板最大开程(mm)500顶出力（KN）18顶出行程（mm）7013塑化能力2.32.83.2这里选择螺杆直径 30mm 的注射机第四章第四章 注塑模设计注塑模设计第第 1 1 节节 型腔数及排列方式型腔数及排列方式(1)型腔数确定2这里根据所选注塑机的技术规范及塑件的技术经济要求，计算可以选择的型腔数。根据注塑机最大注塑质量求型腔数。 m=85%M=85%460.91=35.58 n=m/q q=3.8+1.6=5.4 其中 M-注塑机最大注塑量 q-一个塑件的质量和它平均分到的浇注系统的质量 n6根据塑化能力求型腔数 模具的塑化容量必须与注塑机的塑化能力相匹配，故型腔数可以根据塑化能力来决定。n = qGtc6 . 3=xqG6100 （41） 式中 G塑化能力，g/s x每分钟的注塑次数，x=60/ct q一个塑件的质量和它均分到的浇注系统质量之和，g14 ct成型周期，50160s x=60/50=1.2 G=2.30.0013600100 N22又考虑到该塑件难以充模和生产考虑决定采用 4 型腔。(2)型腔排列方式的确定模具采用齿轮齿条抽芯机构，为了使模具尽量紧凑，所以型腔采用图示排列方式（简图）：第第 2 2 节节 浇注系统的设计浇注系统的设计2.1 主流道的设计设计入图152.2 分流道设计圆形截面分流道 其优点是表面积与体积之比值为最小，在容积相同的分流道中圆形截面分流道的塑料与模具接触的面积最小，因此其压力损失及温度损失小，有利于塑料的流动及压力传递，其缺点是圆形截面分流道必须在动、定模上分别设计两个半圆形，因此给模具加工带来一定难度。抛物面截面（U 形截面） 其截面的形状接近于圆形截面，同时此种截面的分流道只在模具一面加工。但缺点是与圆形截面相比，热损失较大，流道废料较多。梯形截面 此种截面是抛物线形截面的变形，与以上两种截面相比，其热损失较大，但便于分流道的加工及刀具的选择。本模具要一次成型 4 个塑件，加上塑件本身形状复杂，PP 材料的加工性能好，但是易散热，所以采用圆形截面分流道，考虑到 PP 流动性极好，溢边值0.03mm 左右，冷却速度快，浇注系统及冷却系统散热应适度，料温低，取向性明显。50以下无光泽。因而，这里选择圆形截面分流道。查表得到 PP 的圆形截面分流道直径为 D=4.79.5mm，这里取 D=5mm。2.3、浇口形式的设计 根据本设计中产品的外观要求和密封要求，浇口形式采用侧浇口形式，其优点是浇口便于机械加工，易于保证加工精度。浇口的示意图和尺寸可见图16其中浇口长度 L=0.8mm 浇口厚度 H=1mm 浇口宽度 B=1.5mm2.4 冷料井的类型和结构由于注塑机喷嘴与冷模具接触降温，致使喷嘴前端存有一段低温料，为了除尽这段冷料，在主流道对面设计冷料井使冷料不进入分流道和型腔，采用冷料井底部带推杆的冷料井3。用带 Z 形头拉钩的推杆在分模时将凝料从主流到拉出。拉料杆固定在推板上，推出制件时，冷料连同塑件一起被推出。取产品时向拉料钩的侧向稍许移动，即可脱钩将制件连同浇注系统凝料一起取下。拉料杆直径 d =013. 0028. 08mm冷料井处孔径 d =022. 008mm2.5 排溢系统的设计3 当塑料熔体填充型腔时，必须顺序排出型腔及浇筑系统内的空气及塑料受热或凝固产生的低分子挥发气体，否则将会在塑件上形成气泡、接缝、表面轮廓不清、填充缺料等成型缺陷。另一方面气体受压，体积缩小而产生高温会导致塑件局部碳化或烧焦（褐色斑纹） ，同时积存的气体还会产生反向压力而降低充模速度，因此设计时有必要考虑排气问题。本模具为中小型的简单型腔，且设有推杆定出机构和侧向抽芯机构，可以利用推杆、活动型芯与模板的配合间隙进行排气，其间隙可取在 0.030.05mm 之间，这里取 0.04mm。17第第 3 3 节节 分型面设计分型面设计在注塑模中，用于取出塑件或浇注系统凝料的面，通称为分型面。常见的取出塑件的主分行面，与开模方向垂直。分型面的选择不仅关系到塑件的正常成型和脱模，而且涉及模具的结构与制造成本。在选择分型面时，应遵守以下规则： （1）：分型面应该选择在塑件的最大的截面处； （2）：尽可能地将塑件留在动模一侧。因为在动模一侧设置和制造脱模机构简便易行； （3）：有利于保证塑件的尺寸精度； （4）：有利于保证塑件的外观的质量； （5）：考虑满足塑件的使用要求。注塑件在模塑过程中，有一些很难避免的工艺缺陷，如拔模斜度、分型面上飞边及顶杆与浇口的痕迹等。在设计分型面时，应从使用角度避免这些工艺缺陷影响塑件的功能； （6）：尽量减少塑件在合模平面上的投影面积，以减少所需的锁模力； （7）：长芯应置于开模方向； （8）：有利于排气，应有利于简化模具。这个模具的分型面，我选择在最大的横截面上，也就是选择在制品的中部，这样的选择既不影响制品的外观，又可以 2 边抽出螺纹型心，也不影响制品的脱模了。 第第 4 4 节节 成型零件的设计成型零件的设计 第第 4.14.1 节节 概述概述成型零件主要包括凹模、型芯、镶嵌件，各种成型杆与成型环。成型零件承受18高温高压的塑料熔体的冲击和摩擦。在冷却固化中形成了塑件的形体、尺寸和表面。在上万次、甚至几十万次的注射周期，成型零件的形状和尺寸精度、表面质量及其稳定性，决定了塑料制品的相对质量。成型零件的结构设计，当然是以成型符合质量要求的塑料制品为前提，但必须考虑金属零件的加工性及模具的制造成本。成型零件成本高于模架的价格，随着型腔的复杂程度、精度等级和寿命要求的提高而增加，型腔和型芯是用来直接成型零件的，其尺寸精度，公差大小关系到塑件的精度和表面粗糙度，精确度要求较高。第 4.2 节 成型零件的结构设计4.2.14.2.1 组合型腔的设计组合型腔的设计由于塑见需要 2 边抽出螺纹型心，为了方便加工及制造，将定模边型腔分为 3部分，及螺纹型心 B 型心 C 和型心 D。动模边设计为螺纹型心 A 和组合式圆柱型腔 E。4.2.24.2.2 型芯的结构设计型芯的结构设计 将型芯螺纹 A 直接做在轴上，这样能保证加工精度，加工方便，便于修模。型芯的材料是 35SiMn 合金结构钢，调质 220260HBS。表面的粗糙度：mRa8 . 0。本塑件有个成型较大标准螺纹的大螺纹型芯 A 和 3 个拼组的型芯，其中之一是成型小螺纹的螺纹型芯。第第 4.34.3 节节 成型尺寸的计算成型尺寸的计算 型腔 E 的成型尺寸计算 按平均收缩率计算成型尺寸比较简便易行，是最常用的计算方法，这里采用此方法。PP 平均收缩率%75. 1SCP，塑件制造公差4MT，对应模具制造公差1910IT。型腔径向尺寸计算2/PPCPLL (47)PCPSCPPCPSCPPCPMCPLLLL2SCPPCPL1 (48)2/2/mwMPCMLL式中 ML型腔（孔）的最小尺寸w型腔使用过程中允许的最大磨损量（取塑件总误差的 1/6，一般在0.020.05mm 之间）m成型零件制造误差（正值）PL塑件（轴）的最大尺寸 塑件公差（负值）出于修模考虑，对型腔径向尺寸来说易修大，预留一负修模余量r,标上制造公差m得型腔径向名义尺寸： ML=)2/2/(rmwMPCL+m 对于注塑模，型腔磨损量很小时，可用下式计算： ML= )(mMPCL+m (49) 塑件径向尺寸1PL=34mm，242. 0341PCPL =33.79mm；%75. 1179.331MCPL34.60mm模具型腔按10IT级精度制造，其制造偏差m=0.07mm，1ML=(34.60-0.07)+0.07=34.60+0.07mm（2） 型腔的深度尺寸的计算 根据文献4中的内容，型腔的深度尺寸按极限尺寸来计算,计算的公式是：201minspmhh （6.5） 所以根据公式计算可得： mmh046. 0046. 0158. 3007. 01046. 06 . 3 ，mmh054. 0054. 0209. 6007. 01054. 01 . 6 型腔的侧壁厚度的计算（1）按刚度条件计算时，计算壁厚的公式为： 11prEprErR （6.6）其中 P-型腔的压力（MP） ，E-弹性模量，碳钢为MP5101 . 2 r-内半径（mm）,R-外半径（mm）,-泊松比，碳钢取 0.25查资料3的表 18-4-1 可得：容许变形量mm05. 0又由前面的计算可得：r=34mm ，型腔压力 P=50MP所以经过计算可得：R=45.82mm所以，厚度为：S=3422.91=11.09mm（2）按强度条件计算时：计算壁厚的公式为：) 12(prS （6.7）其中为型腔的材料的许用应力，我选的材料是 45#钢，查文献3可得=MP510160所以，mmS22) 1250160160(34所以选 2 者最大值及为 22mm 型腔的底板厚度的计算（按刚度条件和强度条件分别计算）（1）按刚度条件计算时，计算公式为：2134175. 0ErPB （6.8）其中 容许变形量mm05. 0P-型腔的压力（MP）取 P=50MP ，所以，mmB1205. 0101 . 23450175. 0354（2）按强度条件计算时，计算公式为432rPB （6.9） 其中其中为型腔的材料的许用应力，我选的材料是 55#钢，=MP510160所以，mmB181604345032根据以上的计算结果：侧壁厚 S 和底板厚度 B 都应该取大值，所以 S=22mm ，B=18mm第第 4.44.4 节节 螺纹型心尺寸计算螺纹型心尺寸计算 螺纹型芯 A 的成型尺寸计算 螺纹型心大径计算 zbdsddm0螺纹型心中径计算 zbsdddm0222螺纹型心小径计算 zcsdddm043111 对于螺纹型 A 其中 b=0.24 c=0.24 s=1.75% 06. 04bz d=11.62 646.102d 101d由计算可得，06. 0012.12md22 06. 00292.10md 06. 001355.10md 螺纹型芯 B 的成型尺寸计算螺纹型心大径计算 zbdsddm0螺纹型心中径计算 zbsdddm0222螺纹型心小径计算 zcsdddm043111 对于螺纹型 A 其中 b=0.24 c=0.24 s=1.75% 06. 04bz d=20.95 8 .192d 6 .181d 由计算可得，06. 0055.21md 06. 00238.20md 06. 0011 .19md 第第 4.54.5 节节 型芯的高度的计算型芯的高度的计算 因为制品的内腔的总高度为 19.6mm,所以根据文献2：计算型芯的高度尺寸的公式： 66. 0)1 (shhm （6.2） 其中：h-塑件的高度尺寸，-塑件的公差，-模具的制造公差， S-平均收缩率，因为 pp 的纵向收缩率为 1. %-2.5%，所以 S=1.75% ，=6所以由公式 6.2 可得型芯各高度为：各型心高度为 05. 032. 0*66. 0)1 (6 .19shma=05. 026.2023 46. 028. 0*66. 0)1 (5 .16shhhmcmbmb=46. 097.16 第 4.6 节 型心的径向尺寸计算 型芯径向尺寸计算2/PPCPLLML=rmwMcpL2/2/标上制造公差m得型芯径向名义尺寸：ML=)2/2/(rmwMcpL-m对于注塑模，型腔磨损量很小时修模余量也很小时可用下式计算： ML=mmMcpL)( 由计算得 塑件尺寸1PL=1.5mm，1PCPL=1.5+216. 0=1.58mm；%75. 1158. 11MCPL=1.61mm模具制造偏差m=0.048mm，1ML(1.61+0.048)-0.048=1.65-0.048 mm塑件尺寸2PL=4.5mm，2PCPL=4.5+218. 0=4.59mm；%75. 1159. 42MCPL=4.67mm模具制造偏差m=0.048mm，2ML(4.67+0.048)-0.048=4.72-0.048 mm第第 5 章章 齿轮的设计齿轮的设计设计中一共有九个齿轮和一根齿条，其中有一对我将九个齿轮编号为齿轮 19，将它们标注在装配图上。其中齿轮 1，2，3，4,为相同齿轮又与 5 为同一型号的齿轮，而圆锥齿轮 6 7 为同一型号的圆锥齿轮。24第第 5.15.1 节、齿轮节、齿轮 1 1 的设计的设计型芯的总压力的公式为：112ltFp4 （7.1）E-塑料的弹性模量，E=310274. 1MP-塑料的收缩率，这里取最大的收缩率=2.5%t-制品的壁厚，t=1.5mm, l-塑件的长度，l=19.6mm-塑料的泊松比，=0.46所以：NFp63.1088346. 0116 .195 . 1025. 01000274. 12选摩擦系数为 0.4，则型芯所受的摩擦力为 F=4356.35N小齿轮上所受的扭距为：mNdFT9 .1828001. 032.3335.435621 （7.2）选择材料及确定许用应力：由：（表 11-1）4小齿轮采用 35#SiMn 调质的合金结构钢，齿面硬度为：230HBS 大齿轮采用 35#调质优质碳素钢，齿面硬度为：165HBS2 者中心距设计为 40mm又由：表 11-44，图 11-7C4MPH6401lim ，MPH4402lim ，1 . 1HS所以：MPSHHH82.5811 . 16401lim1 （7.3） MPSHHH4001 . 14402lim2由：图 11-7C4，表 11-44MPF2301lim ，MPF1802lim ，3 . 1FS25所以：MPSFFF92.1763 . 12301lim1 （7.4） MPSFFF1383 . 11802lim2（2）按齿轮的接触强度设计：齿轮按 9 级精度制造，由（表 11-3）4取载荷系数 K=1，齿宽系数4 . 0a，按计算公式（11-5）4计算中心距，以知 U=2mma40 （7.5）取齿数：1Z=24 ，2Z=2*24=48所以，模数mmZZam35. 14824402221按表（4-1）4取模数为 m=3mm确定中心距：mma108)4824(5 . 1齿宽：mmaba16404 . 0取 mmb161 ，mmb182（3）验算轮齿弯曲强度由（图 11-9）4可得齿形系数：8 . 21FY ， 35. 22FY按公式（11-8）4验算轮齿的弯曲强度：MPZmbYTKFF67.69244438 . 2100036.512*2121111F （7.6）MPYYFFFF48.588 . 235. 267.6912122F所以所选的模数和齿数符合安全要求。计算齿轮 1 和齿轮 2 的各个参数：取齿顶高系数：0 . 1*ah ，所以齿顶高为：mmmhhaa313*取小齿轮的转速为：min/501rn ，26则齿轮 1 的速度为：smdnv/16. 010006020150100060111 （7.7）所以制品从螺纹型芯脱下来的时间为：svdt2100016. 0205511 又因为：211221ZZnn ，所以 min/75min/150212rrn第第 5.25.2 节、节、 圆锥齿轮圆锥齿轮 6 6 和和 7 7 的设计的设计因为齿轮的传动效率很高，一般能达到 98%99.5%所以可以推出这样的公式；1551nnTT ，5665nnTT所以，mNTnnTT72.10236.512215115 （7.8） mNTnnTT44.20572.1022233434选择材料及确定许用应力：选择两个圆锥齿轮的材料一样，两齿轮的传动比为 2，根据（表 11-1）4，取齿轮的齿数为40,2043ZZ小齿轮 3 的材料为 50#调质优质碳素钢钢，齿面硬度 200HBS大齿轮的材料为：35#调质优质碳素钢，齿面硬度为 165HBS又由：表 11-44，图 11-7C4MPH5401lim，MPH4402lim ，1 . 1HS所以：MPSHHH4911 . 15401lim1 （7.9） MPSHHH4001 . 14402lim2由：图 11-10C4，表 11-4427MPF1901lim，MPF1802lim ，3 . 1FS所以，MPSFFF1463 . 11901lim1 （7.10）MPSFFF1383 . 11802lim2（2）按齿轮的接触强度设计齿轮按 9 级精度制造，由（表 11-3）4取载荷系数 K=1，齿宽系数3 . 0R，按计算公式（11-19）4计算外锥距eR，已知 U=2UTKURRHRe3212)5 . 01 (3351=122.94mm （7.11）又由公式：122232423UZmZZmReee （7.12）em-为大端端面的模数，传动比 U=2所以，mmZRmee75. 2523根据 GB12368-90 圆整模数：mmme3确定实际的外锥距eR=67mm齿宽为：mmRbRe30所以取小齿轮的齿宽为：30mm ，大齿轮的齿宽为：32mm。（3）验算轮齿弯曲强度：平均模数mm与大端端面模数em有下列的关系：mmmmRem53. 33 . 05 . 0135 . 014 （7.13）当量齿数2845cos20cos333ZZv ，5745cos40cos344ZZv ， （7.14）28根据当量齿数查图11-94可得齿形系数：65. 21FY ，32. 22FY所以按公式（11-20）4验算轮齿的弯曲强度： MPZmbYTKmFF92.522071. 471. 42110004 . 272.10212*23333F （7.15）MPZmbYTKmFF32.484071. 471. 42310004 . 244.20512*24444F所以所选的齿轮的参数是合格的。第第 5.35.3 节、齿轮节、齿轮 8 8 的设计的设计（1）齿轮的材料的选择及确定许用应力由：（表 11-1）4齿轮 5 用 45#调质优质碳素钢，齿面的硬度为 195HBS由：图 11-7C4，表 11-44MPF1751lim ，3 . 1FS MPSFFF62.1343 . 11751lim1 （7.16）（2）验算齿轮的弯曲强度设齿轮按 9 级精度制造，由（表 11-3）4取载荷系数 K=1mNT44.2055 ，齿宽 b=35mm设齿轮 5 的模数为 m=3mm ，齿数305Z则按齿轮的弯曲强度效核齿轮的强度：由（图 11-9）4可得齿形系数： 6 . 25FY 按公式（11-8）4验算轮齿的弯曲强度：MPZmbYTKFF05.113309356 . 2100044.2052*2525555F （7.14）所以，所选的齿轮的参数符合安全的要求。29第第 5.45.4 节节 轴承的设计轴承的设计5.4、大圆锥齿轮 6 和齿轮 5 上所受的力的分析圆锥齿轮 6 所受的转距为：mNT44.2054所以它所受的圆周力：KNmmNdTFmt5 . 41038.9144.205223444 （7.15）其中4md为小齿轮齿宽中点的分度圆直径。所受的径向力：KNtgtgFFtr73. 043.64cos205 . 4cos*44 （7.16）所受的轴向力：KNtgtgFFta46. 143.64sin205 . 4sin*44 （7.17）齿轮 5 所受的转距为：mNT44.2055所以它所受的圆周力：KNmmNdTFt57. 4109044.205223555 （7.18）所受的径向力：KNtgtgFFtr66. 12057. 455 （7.19）7.3.2、轴承上的垂直面上和水平面上的支承力（力的分析入图）（1）求垂直面的支承反力以 A 点为支承点，根据力矩平衡可得：060)30130(754245aVrrFFFF 13002145VVrrFFFF 2所以，根据式子1和2可求得 KNFV52. 11 ， KNFV91. 32 （2）求水平面的支承反力以 A 点为支承点，根据力矩平衡可得：010530130*524tHtFFF 302154HHttFFFF 4所以根据式子3和4可得 KNFH575.121 ，KNFH505. 32第第 5.55.5 节、轴承的选择节、轴承的选择以知：KNFV52. 11 ，KNFV91. 32 ，轴径 D=30mm ，转速 n=13.125r/min ，轴向载荷取KNFa46. 1，去轴承的寿命 40000h(1) 先求出当量载荷 P因该向心轴承受径向力和轴向力的作用，必须求出当量载荷 P。计算时用到的径向系数 X 和轴向系数 Y 要根据oraCF3 .12值查取，而是轴承的径向额定静载荷，在轴承的型号未选出之前暂不知道 ，故用试算法。根据表16-124，暂时取oraCF3 .12=0.172 ，e=0.19因为eFFra373. 091. 346. 1 ，由表16-124查得 X=0.56，Y=2.3由式16-44得：KNFYFXpar5476. 546. 13 . 291. 356. 0 （7.20）即轴承在KNFr91. 3 ，KNFa46. 1作用下的使用寿命，相当于在径向载荷为5547.6N 作用下的使用寿命。（2）计算所需的径向基本额定动载荷值由式子（16-3）4 NLnfpfChtpr16)1060( （7.21）上式中1pf（查表 16-104） ，1tf （查表 16-94，因工作温度不高） ，3，hLh40000。所以31NCr3 .17520)4000010125.1360(6 .5547316 （3）选择轴承号查表（6-1）4可选择 6206 轴承，其KNCr5 .1917.52KN；所选择的轴承的代号 6206 所代表的意思为：第一个数字 6 代表轴承为深沟球轴承，第二个数字 2 代表轴承的宽度系列为宽系列，第三个和第四个数字连起来代表轴承的内径为 30mm 。（4）滚动轴承的润滑和密封轴承工作环境清洁，轴颈圆周速度v小于 45m/s，工作温度不超过90，所以选用脂润滑，毛毡圈密封。润滑脂可选用复合钙基润滑脂 SY1407-75 ZFG-1。矩形断面的毛毡圈安装在梯形槽内，对轴产生一定的压力而起到密封作用。（5）轴承的固定及组合调整轴承采用两端固定的形式，轴承盖与外圈端面之间留热补偿间隙3 . 02 . 0Cmm。轴承间隙利用螺钉通过轴承盖移动外圈位置进行调整。内圈随轴一起转动，外圈固定不转，所以轴承采用具有过盈的过渡配合。5轴采用 k6，外圈、底座采用 H7。第第 5.65.6 节节 轴的设计轴的设计561 节、型芯轴的计算 型芯的截面是圆截面，按强度条件计算，计算公式为：MPdTWTT2 . 03 （7.21）轴的扭切应力，MP；T 为转距，mmN ；TW为抗扭截面系数，3mm；为许用扭切应力，MP，型芯轴的材料是 45#钢所以，型芯轴的最小直径为：mmdTd1410402 . 036.362 . 03633 5.6.2、中心轴的计算 同样计算中心轴的最小直径的公式可按 7.21 式计算，取中心轴的材料为3240Cr所以，中心轴的最小直径为：mmdTd5 .2110522 . 072.1022 . 036335.6.3、传动轴的计算同样计算传动轴的最小直径的公式可按 7.21 式计算，取中心轴的材料为 40Cr所以，传动轴的最小直径为： mmdTd2710522 . 0272.1022 . 03633第六章第六章 塑件脱模机构的设计塑件脱模机构的设计概述注塑模必须设有准确可靠的脱模机构，以便在每一个循环中将塑件从型腔内或型芯上自动地脱出模外，脱出塑件的机构称为脱模机构或推出机构。设计脱模机构一定要做到：结构优化、运行可靠，不影响塑件外观，不造成塑件变形破坏， 让塑件留在动模。本设计中的制品中带有内螺纹，要求用自动脱模。开模时，不需要螺纹型芯做轴向运动便可以脱出塑件。开模运动通过齿条导柱、齿轮机构和一对圆锥齿轮带动圆柱齿轮以及螺纹型芯旋转，旋转过程中螺纹型心随动模运动，而由于内螺纹作用使塑件留在定模而后用限位螺钉控制距离到一定位置时，来拉动推版使螺纹 B 强制脱模。同时拉料杆拉出流道余料。第七章第七章 合模导向机构的设计合模导向机构的设计第第 7.17.1 节节 引言引言塑料模闭合时为保证型腔形状和尺寸的准确性，应按一定的方向和位置合模，所以必须设有导向定位机构。导向机构主要有导向、定位和承受注塑时产生侧压力三个作用。动定模33时按导向机构的引导，使动定模按正确的方位闭合，避免凸模进入凹模时因方位搞错而损坏模具或定位不准而互相碰伤，因此设在型芯周围的导柱应比主型芯高出至少 68mm。同时导向机构在模具闭合后使型腔保持正确的形状和所有由动定模构成的尺寸的精度。第第 7.2 节节 导柱的设计要点导柱的设计要点7.2.1、导柱的直径和长度导柱的直径一般在 1263mm 之间，而且导柱无论是固定段的直径还是导向段的直径的形位公差与尺寸之间的关系应遵循包容原则。7.2.2、导柱的形状 导柱的端部做成了锥形，锥形头高度取与其相邻圆柱直径的31，前端倒了角，使起能顺利进入导向孔。7.2.3、导柱的配合公差 安装段与模板间采用过渡配合 H7/K6，导向段和导向孔间采用动配合H7/f7。7.2.4、粗糙度 固定段表面用 Ra0.8m，导向段表面用 Ra0.4m。7.2.5、导柱的材料 导柱应具有硬而耐磨的表面，坚韧而不易折断的芯部，因此在本设计中所选导柱的材料为 20#钢，渗碳 0.50.8，淬硬 5660HRC。第第 7.37.3 节节 导套的设计要点导套的设计要点7.3.1、形状 为了方便导套压入模板的同时便于导柱进入导套，在导套端面内外倒圆角，模具上的导向孔做成了通孔，这样合模时孔中的空气易排出，这样就避免形成附加阻力，同时也便于排除意外落入的塑料废屑。7.3.2、公差配合与表面粗糙度 导套内孔与导柱之间为动配合 H7/f7，外表面与模板孔为较紧的过渡配合H8/k7（带轴肩导套） ，其前端设计为一长 3mm 的引导部分，按松动配合 H8/e834制造，其粗糙度内外表面可用 Ra0.8m。7.3.3、导套的材料 导套的材料可用耐磨材料，在本设计中采用的是 20#钢，:热处理5055HRC，渗碳 0.50.8，淬硬 5660HRC。第八章第八章 模温调节系统的设计模温调节系统的设计第第 8.18.1 节节 模具温度设计原则模具温度设计原则注塑模不仅是塑料熔体的成型设备，而且还是热交换器。模温调节系统直接关系塑件的质量和生产效率，是注塑模设计的核心内容之一。高温塑料熔体在模腔内凝固将释放热量，注塑模存在一个合适的模具温度。模温调节系统使整个成型型腔，在整个批量生产中保持这个合适的温度。因此模温系统的作用也是非常重要的。首先它对制品的质量的影响，模温的波动及分布不均匀，和模温的不适合这两个方面回使塑料制品的质量变坏模温直接关系制品的成型收缩率。模温的波动回使批量生产的制品尺寸不稳定，从而降低制品尺寸精度，甚至出现尺寸误差过大而出现废品。其次提高模温能改善制品表面的粗糙度，使轮廓清晰，熔合缝不明显。提高模温有利于减小制品中残余应力，有利于高粘度的熔体的充模流动，但是会延长冷却时间和注塑周期，也会使脱模的温度过高，是塑件在脱模中受到损伤。同是温度调节系统也对生产效率也有影响。冷却时间在整个注塑周期中占 50%80%的时间。在保证塑件的质量的前提下，限制和缩短冷却时间是提高生产效率的关键。让高温熔体尽快的降温固化，模温调节系统应该有较高的冷却效率。注入模具的塑料熔体所具有热量，由模具传导、对流和辐射散传于大气和注射机仅占 5%30%，热量大部分由冷水带走了。缩短冷却时间途径有三个方面：让冷却水处于流；：扩大模具与冷却水的温差；：增大冷却介质的传热面积。模具温度设计：模具温度是注塑结晶聚合物最重要的工艺参数，它决定了结晶条件。对于玻璃化温度高于室温的聚合物来说，模温决定了结晶度从而影响制品的性能，低模温可获得较柔软的韧性好的制品，而高模温由于结晶度大可得到刚性、硬度和耐磨性都很好的制品。由于尼龙的玻璃化温度较高，约 45，在室温下较为稳35定，不易产生后结晶现象，可是尼龙制品仍发现有结晶度的微小的变化，这是由于尼龙易从大气中吸收水分而诱发进一步结晶。所以在这个设计中我采用的模温是 70120，这是其结晶的速度快而不致产生粗大的晶粒，可获得较高的结晶度。 第第 8.28.2 节节 冷却系统设计原则冷却系统设计原则为了提高冷却效率，模具的冷却系统可按下述原则进行设计：动定模和型腔的四周应均匀地布置冷却水通道，不可只布置在模具的动模边或盯模边，否则脱模后制品一侧温度高一侧温度低，在进一步冷却时会发生翘曲变形；冷却水孔间距越小，直径越大，则对塑件冷却越均匀；水孔与相邻型腔表面距离相等；采用并流流向，加强浇口处的冷却。第第 8.38.3 节节 温度调节系统的设计温度调节系统的设计11PP 粘度低、流动性好，成型工艺要求模具温度不太高。注射成型过程中，可把模具看成为热交换器，塑料熔体凝固时释放的热量约有 5%以辐射、对流的方式散发到大气中，其余 95%由模具的冷却介质带走。模具的冷却时间约占成型周期的 2/34/5，因此，冷却系统的设计是一个很重要的问题。显然，应在模具上开设尽可能大、数量尽可能多的冷却水通道，以增大传热面积，缩短冷却时间，达到提高效率的目的。1 冷却时间计算塑件最厚部位断面中心层温度达到热变形温度以下所需时间简化计算公式为 )()(4ln22wswmTTTTkt (s) (426)式中 塑件所需冷却时间，st塑件厚度，mmk塑料热扩散率，m2/s 36mT塑料熔体温度，sT塑料热变形温度，wT模具温度，查表取k=6.7106m2/s，mT=200，sT=102，wT=40)40102()40200(4ln107 . 6105 . 1862 =4.2 s查表得到，PP 制件厚度 1.5mm，对应冷却时间 11.5s，为了安全起见，以上数值仅供参考，确切值在试模时确定。2 冷却参数计算(1)塑件每小时在模内释放的热量 iGQ (J) (427)式中 G单位时间内注入模具的塑料质量，这里约 12.5kg/hi塑料成型时在模具内释放的热焓量，J/kgQ=12.55.9510=7.375610 J(2)冷却水体积流量计算 )(6021ttCQV (428)式中 V冷却水体积流量，m3/minC冷却水的比热容，J/kgK冷却水的密度，kg/m31t冷却水出口温度，2t冷却水进口温度，V=)2025(4187106010375. 736=5.8710-3 m3/min (3)求冷却水孔径 根据体积流量，由表查找，取冷却水孔径10dmm。37(4)求冷却水在孔内的流速v24dVv 6001. 01087. 5423=1.25 m/s (5)求冷却水壁和冷却水间的传热系数 2 . 08 . 0)(dv (429)式中 与冷却水温度有关的物理系数，查表得到 25时，水的=7.95。2 . 08 . 001. 0)25. 1996(95. 7=5977 W/m2K(6)冷却水孔总传热面积A )(3600TTQAw (430)式中 T冷却水平均温度，21ttT，)5 .2240(5977360010375. 76A=0.0196 m2(7)求冷却水孔总长L)()(36008 . 0TTvdQLw (431)=)5 .2240()01. 025. 1996(95. 7360010375. 78 . 06 =0.63 m(8)求模具上应开的冷却水孔数 n38 n =dlA (432)式中 l每根水孔的长度，m n =16. 001. 00196. 0=3.94孔(9)冷却水流动状态校核当平均水温为 22.5时，由图查得，水的运动粘度61095. 0m2/s。 vdRe (433) =61095. 001. 025. 1=1.3410410故冷却水属稳定湍流状态，冷却效果良好。(10)冷却水进出口温差校核vCdGtti221900 (434) =25. 110418701. 090010375. 7326 =5与原设定值一致。第第 8 84 4 节节 冷却回路设计冷却回路设计由前面计算得到冷却孔数 4，孔径 10mm。取冷却水孔中心线与型腔壁距离12mm，冷却通道之间中心距 30mm。型腔较浅，可以采用最简单的直通式冷却水路，动、定模冷却水路布置相同。 第九章第九章 工艺参数的校核工艺参数的校核第第 9.19.1 节节 最大注射量的校核最大注射量的校核注射模一次成型的塑料重量（塑件和流道凝料重量之和）应在公称注射量的35%75%范围内，最大达 80%，最低不小于 10%。既保证塑件质量，有充分发挥设备的能力。选在 50%80%范围内为好。实际一次成型的塑料重量为39182+14=50g ，是公称注射量的13. 16050100%=73.7% ，在最佳范围内，合适。第第 9.29.2 节节 注射压力的校核注射压力的校核所选注射机的注射压力必须大于成型塑件所需的注射压力。成型所需的压力与塑料品种、塑件形状尺寸、注射机类型、喷嘴及模具流道的阻力等因素有关。根据经验，这里成型的塑件形状一般，精度要求一般，塑料熔体流动性较好，所需注射压力一般在 70100MPa，小于注射机的注射压力 150MPa，符合要求。第第 9.39.3 节节 锁模力的校核锁模力的校核 选用注塑机的锁模力必须大于型腔压力产生的开模力，否则模具分型面会在注射压力下分开而产生溢料。对于螺杆式注射机压力损失较小，所以型腔压力较大。锁模力和成型面积的关系由下式确定： 2SPP腔锁 (3.2)式中 锁P-锁模力（N） ； 腔P-型腔压力，一般为 40-50MP ，这里取腔P=50MP； S-浇道、进料口和塑件的投影面积（2cm） ；经过计算：制品的投影面积： 22578.18cmS 主流道的投影面积：22835. 4cmS 分流道的投影面积：2312. 9cmS 总面积：2321533.32cmSSSS所以，理论的需要的压力：KNKNSPF5 .16210533.32105046腔而实际注塑机的锁模力为锁P=400KN 因为，F锁P ，所以注塑机的锁模力是合格的。第第 9.49.4 节节 开模行程的校核开模行程的校核注射机的开模行程是有限制的，取出制件所需要的开模距离必须小于注塑机的最大开模行程。因为我所选择的注塑机是全液压式锁模机构，所以校核开模行程是应按注塑机最大开模行程与模具厚度有关时进行校核。我设计的模具是先分型在拉出的，所以校核的公式是：40 mmaHHHSmk10521 (3.3)kS注塑机模板间的最大开距，mmmH模具的厚度，mm根据装配图可以的到：mH=350mm，1H11.1mm，6 .192Hmm a=0所以 mmHHHm7 .382106 .191 .1135010021而注塑机的最大开距kS=500mm所以注塑机的开模行程是合格的。第第 9.9. 5 5 节节 安装尺寸的校核安装尺寸的校核(1)喷嘴尺寸 注射模主流道衬套在设计时就根据注射机喷嘴尺寸得到的，所以这里不再校核。 (2)模具厚度（闭合高度） 模具厚度必须满足以下关系：maxminHHHm （438）式中 mH所设计的模具厚度，mm minH注射机允许的最小模具厚度，mmmaxH注射机允许的最大模具厚度，mm 合适 (3)模具装固尺寸选用的注射机上有许多不同间距的螺钉孔，用于安装模具。这里模具比较小，采用压板固定比较合适。这种方式灵活性较大，只需在动、定模座板附近有螺孔就行。第十章第十章 结结 论论 由于模具设计合理，各零件的精度在加工中都得到了充分的保证，装配时，钳工对重点部位进行把握，有效缩短模具的试制时间，为顺利投产赢得时间。41在本设计中塑件的脱模结构是模具设计的重点和难点，特别当塑件有 2 个螺纹时。含有螺纹的塑件脱模时，无论是强制脱模，还是自动脱模，脱模结构之间的运动都要协调，保证塑件能准确从型芯上脱下来。本文设计的塑件是含有内螺纹的空心制件，是一种有代表性的空心螺纹制件，它集普通型芯和螺纹型芯为一体，而且在塑件的两边。该模具的试制成功可以为齿轮齿条抽芯模具提供一个有益的范例，并为可强制脱螺纹抽芯的塑件生产提供一个经济、合理的方法。 ，所以该塑件的成功脱模是同类中较成功的实例，提供了很多有价值的设计元素。 致谢致谢指导老师 刘新民 敬爱的老师、亲爱的同学：大学四年的生活即将结束，同学们也都要步入社会参加工作。然而我们决忘不了母校对我们的培养和孜孜教导。老师的精心呵护和细心的教育下一幕幕回放在我们的脑海中。是老师们的辛苦栽培成就了我们踏上成功的道路。首先，我要感谢的是我的母校华北工学院分院。在这个大家庭里，上至学院的领导，下到各系的老师都对我们寄予了厚望，并且花费了大量的精力来培养我们，使我们的身心都得到了全面的发展，综合素质得到了全面的提高，这是我们能顺利完成大学四年学业的一个重要因素。现在我们完成了学业，即将走上工作岗位，年青的我们祝愿母校能为国家培养出更多的合格人才，让更多优秀的中华儿女投入到祖国的社会主义建设中去。特别我要感谢这次毕业设计的指导老师刘新民老师。刘新民导师治学严谨，学识渊博，品德高尚，平易近人，在我学习期间不仅传授了做学问的秘诀，还传授了做人的准则。这些都将使我终生受益。无论是在论文的选题、资料查询、开题阶段，还是在论文研究和撰写的每一个环节，无不得到导师的悉心指导和帮助。我愿借此机会向刘新民导师表示衷心的感谢！同时也对一直关心帮助我的老师表示由衷的感谢。最后我要感谢我付永祥，扶韶鹏，邱海军，张凯等位同学在本次设计中给与的帮助。42参考文献参考文献1. 唐志强主编.塑料模具设计师指南.1999.北京.国防工业出版社.2. 齐晓杰主编.塑料模具设计指导. 1994. 东北林业大学出版社.3. 申开智主编.塑料成型模具. 2002.第二版.北京. 中国轻工业出版社 .4. 杨可桢等主编.机械设计基础.1999.第四版.北京.高等教育出版社.5.机械设计基础。2000 年第一版。东北大学出版社6. 吴宗泽等主编.机械设计课程设计手册.1999.第二版.北京.高等教育出版社.7. 陈经斗主编.画法几何及机械制图.1997.修订版.天津.天津大学出版社.8. 陈敏华等编.带螺纹 90 弯管注射模的设计.模具技术.2003.NO.6.22.9. 张杰等.螺纹型芯自动收缩式注射模设计.模具工业.2000. NO.2.10 . SOHLENIUSG. Concurrent enginerringJ.Annals of the CIRP，1992,41(2):645.11 . STOKEHATTK.102 例注塑模具设计 M. 1991.北京 中国轻工业出版社.12. 廖念钊等主编.互换性与技术测量.2000.第四版.北京.中国计量出版社.13. WollSLB, Cooper D J. Pattern-based closed-loop quality control for injection molding process J. Polym Eng Sci, 1997, 37(5): 801812. 14. 宋玉恒主编.塑料注射模具设计实用手册.1995.北京.航空工业出版社.15. 塑料注射模零件标准及术语 GB.4169.111.北京.国家技术监督局.16. 塑料模具技术手册编委会编.塑料模具技术手册.1999.北京.机械工业出版社.17. 丁浩主编.塑料加工基础.1998.上海.上海科技出版社.18. 李明辉等主编.模具制造工艺.1999.北京.机械工业出版社.19. 叶国平等编.像机镜头座的注射模设计.模具制造.2004.第一期.30 页.参阅外文资料节选参阅外文资料节选43Mould technical development of the plastic products In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy of our country, plastic shaping processing equipment and shaping are very fast in mould development, high-efficient, automation is large-scale, miniature, accurate, the proportion that the mould of the high life-span accounts for in the whole mould trade is larger and larger. The large-scale , complicated , accurate , high-efficient and macrobiotic life mould of our country has attained a new height again, many kind mould can substitute the import mould already, mould CAD/CAM technology popularize and apply and make the good result comparatively fast after receiving, take shape manufacturing technology and equipment have tremendous development and begin to enter the practical stage of popularizing fast, the manufacturing technology of new generation of milling at a high speed etc. has already been paid attention to and begun application by people. Use the angle to come to say from the mould , it is high-efficient to require , automize, easy and simple to handle; Making the angle from the mould, require the structure to be rational , it is easy to make, low cost. In modern plastic products production, rational processing technology, high-efficient equipment, the advanced mould is three essential important factors. The mould is compared with other engineering goods, an important characteristic is the net output large proportion with high technical content. With the fast development of the chemical industry , light industry industry, industry has been developing the mould of our country at a high speed with about 13% - 15% of growth rate of every year, and the requisition for mould of every profession and trade is higher and higher. In the face of the change of the market, the mould with high-tech content is showing up prominently on the market. With the industrial development, the variety , quantity of the industrial 44products are getting more and more; The requisition for product quality and appearance is becoming more exquisite even more, angry in China. So, combine Chinas concrete conditions, learn the experience produced in foreign industrial construction of mould and mould, propagate , pursue the mould production with rationalized science, could advance the progress of the technology of the mould . The mould industry all the time of our country has been limited by the price in the material is selected for use, materials of the domestic mould adopt 2Cr13 and 3Cr13 to do the accurate heat treatment more. Adopt special-purpose mould material DINI , 2316 abroad , is obviously superior to the domestic material on comprehensive performance , such as wear-resisting , corrosion-resistant performance and luminance of leaving behind ,etc. This has influenced appearance quality and service life of the domestic mould fundamentally. On the production technology, many producers do not form a complete set a lot of work to rely on finishing by hand because of the equipment, have influenced the precision and quality seriously. The mould design systems of domestic enterprises are at primary stage that introduces , digesting and absorbing, have not formed the ripe theoretical direction and design system yet. Lack the mould and debug the condition . Because domestic mould enterprises receive delivery date short, try the mould place and limitation of the equipment, usually put the quality inspection work in users place and try the mould , and difficult to debug out the best state, cause a large number of loss and waste to user. And develop better enterprises a little more abroad and all have ones own trying the mould place and equipment, tries the mould , so can reach very good result in the shortest time limit in condition of work that can imitate users . By the look of overall situation, it is still insufficient that industry puts the mould into , the total amount of the mould is in short supply, large-45scale , accurate complicated, long-lived life mould ability insufficient situation in a short time still difficult to have heavy change obviously. Make a general survey of the development in recent years of mould trade , the development of the plastic mould structure, and the improvement of manufacturing engineering , have the following several points to sum up: Mould standardization is modern mold design and foundation made. It is to realize the rationalized production essential condition of the mould to pursue mould standardization. Attach great importance to the standardized work of the mould abroad, because can not merely improve the quality of the mould , lower costs to adopt the standard component effectively, and can shorten mould production cycle greatly . U.S.A. , Germany have already to carry on the standardized work of the mould had a history of 100 years. Our degree that because the mould has been standardized all the time has not high, it is not neat to lead to the fact and produce the variety of standard component , specification supplied, of low quality, cant meet the interchangeability request . Now, there is very great improvement in standardizing in our country, as many varieties of industrial products, short run , development trend of individualized , short cycle become obvious day by day, the working meaning of mould standardization is greater. According to the introduction, the mould standard component of our country uses the rate to increase to some extent at present, estimate between 40% - 45% tentatively, having very great disparity with 70% - 80% of the rates in the world, the standard component of the mould uses the coverage rate difference to be relatively obvious between different areas of our country , different enterprises, the three kinds of foreign-invested enterprises are higher than other enterprises, southern enterprises are higher than the North, especially Guangdong Province which the three kinds of foreign-invested enterprises concentrate, its mould of 46mould standard components of enterprises use the coverage rate to be higher than other areas far. Our country certainly will take the corresponding measure in the future, will produce the characteristic to the mould , organize trade strength, standardize production to the mould manufacturing enterprise swiftly and in good time , in order to pursue the mould and standardize the work in an all-round way. The development plan of 15 mould trade in our country is proposed, the standard component of the mould should expand the variety , improve the precision, among them the main variety should realize the economic large-scale production. The standard component of the mould will use the coverage rate to be up to 60% in 2005, be more than 70% in 2010. So, quicken the development of standard component of the mould and strengthen the technological content of the mould products, develop a mould of thermal current and CAD/ CAE/ CAM technology in a more cost-effective manner, have important meanings in promoting the level of the plastic mould trade of our country , expansion domestic and international markets. It is in close relations because between the mould and manufacture, we can say , it is the continuity designed to make. And it is slower to adopt the artificial design method, it is impossible to realize that mould design and manufacture integrate , cant meet the requirement of optimization design either. Practice has proved , the mould CAD/CAM technology is a contemporary most rational mode of production of mould . The achievement of the mould CAD/CAE/CAM respect is expanded further, the mould produces most all already application of leading enterprise, has made the good effect. The mould can realize the highly standardized , universalization and systematized too to produce, help to adopt the advanced design and manufacturing technology , make the mould do the more precise, meanwhile , help to shorten production cycle , reduce the producing 47cost . The mould makes the continuity that is mold design, is to verify the course of designing exactness. The standardization made of the mould helps to make the production process of the mould tend towards the scientific process, rationalized. In mould enterprises, it is assurance and condition of realizing rationalized production to control and manage the computer to the production process of the mould. From mold design, is it prepare , process and assemble , try on the whole course of mould all the time at control with management to produce, so, advance the production process of the mould to control and manage to help to improve the mould and make the precision and quality, reduce production cycle and producing cost . Mould of today, the precision will be higher at present and higher at present , accurate moulds have already generally reached the precision of 2-3m. 10 years ago. The precision of the accurate mould is generally 5um, have already reached 2- 3um now, though it is domestic and still difficult to realize shortly to produce one grade of moulds of nanometer, it is an inexorable trend to reach the mould of 1m precision. Machining accuracy public errand ultra finish machining under 1m must develop too. With like part to complicate, will be more and more complicated thereupon too in the mould type. Complicated type made up of many kinds of curved surface and cannelure has improved the degree of difficulty of processing. Whether transform many kinds of processes and many kinds of materials into the part in a set of moulds or can boost productivity to assemble into a multi-functional complex mould of the package effectively, will develop in a lot of fields. No doubt there is very great relation with mold design in this, but processed the equipment and put forward higher request to the mould at the same time , namely process consistency and high-accuracy demand. With process the constant popularization of the mode and deepen with the new and high 48technology and advanced and applicable traditional mould of technological transformation , process and already become the mould and process the developing direction in digitization. Adopt the mould of digitized technology to process the equipment and become first-selection that mould enterprises improved its equipment naturally . At the same time, multi-functional can improve the mould and process efficiency to process effectively to compound, so have much development prospects. For example, there are multiple innovation in the high-performance numerical control system of the I type of Central China of key item (HNC-I ) to tackle key problems in numerical control of Wuhan Central China systematic Co., Ltd. of numerical control, reach the international most advanced level. The achievement SDI five axle curved surface is it mend control theory praised as expert world initiate to insert. HNC-IP digitization spin shape process numerical control system integrated , integrated control system , system of numerical control and system of profile modelling, but use with various kinds of machining centers , numerical control milling machines and profile modelling milling machines ,etc. together, can also measure the device and carry on measurement for numerical control to the material object model as digitization , and can produce the geometry model or the mould curved surface and process G code according to the measurement . The system has the characteristics that the profile modelling is fast, the machining accuracy is high, the integrated level is high strong with the function. This achievement obtains the scientific and technological progress first prize of the State Education Commission, is listed in the national-level scientific and technical result key popularization plan. This numerical control system has already demonstrated superiority in the mould is processed, it is very good to popularize the prospect. To plastic products enterprise, in order 49to make product quality better, the producing rate is higher, a mould of thermal current is a very good choice. This kind of mould assortment of rising is with high technical content, it does not need to upgrade the equipment , only need to upgrade the mould or carry on the transformation to the already existing mould, can shorten the shaping time and surface quality of the products greatly , because it have material ,last raw materials it,especially for small and accurate products, it is very remarkable that raw materials are economized. Abroad, a mould of thermal current and technological rate of utilization are more than 50%, some countries can be more than 80%, and a technology of thermal current is also at the stage of popularizing in our country at present, the using rate is fewer than 20%. With the popularization and application day by day of a technology of thermal current, the specific gravity of a mould in the plastic mould of thermal current will be improved progressively . Because adopting the mould of a technology of thermal current can improve the productivity and quality which make one , the well can economize the raw materials which make one by a large margin , so, the application of a technology of thermal current is developed quickly abroad, already very general. The plastic mould that a lot of plastic mould factories produced has already had over half that has adopted a technology of thermal current , rate of utilization of some factories has even been already more than 80%, the result is very obvious. Domestic a mould of thermal current has already had production, the rate of utilization of some enterprises is up to 20% - 30%, but as a whole, the proportion is low, demand urgently to develop. Take shape to update and develop craft with plastics, angry to complement mould and meet high pressure inject shaping ,etc. mould of craft development thereupon. The precision of one of plastics is divided into the precision of size , precision of geometry form and 50precision of appearance (namely the gloss , tone ,etc.), in order to guarantee the precision , will continue studying the development high pressure and injecting shaping craft and mould and injecting and compressing shaping craft and mould , in injecting shaping, it is that the shaping shrink to influence the greatest factor of the precision of the formed part, the high pressure can reduce the shrinking rate of resin while injecting shaping, increase the stability of moulding a size. The mould requires that rigidity is good, able to bear the high pressure , especially the type of the accurate mould should be quenched, the runner sealing is good, it can be controlled accurately that the mould is warm. It has been already riper that the gas injected shaping technology auxiliarily , it can be improving and moulding the inherent and appearance quality of one, have pressure of injecting advantages , such as low , small , easy thick products that differ greatly of shaping wall out of shape of products ,etc., and can economize raw materials and improve and make a productivity , thus lower costs by a large margin . In conformity with it, angry to complement the mould to appear too in our country, and has made the good result. (1) maximization day by day of mould . ( 2) The mould is higher and higher in precision. ( 3) The multi-functional complex mould will be developed further. ( 4) Thermal current dish, gas auxiliary to mould plastics the shaping mould , the proportion among the plastic moulds increases progressively . ( 5) The standard component of the mould is more extensive in application. ( 6) Fast economic mould development has a bright future. Development trend of the mould 1. Mould CAD/CAE/CAM to the integration , three-dimension , developing with the networked direction intelligently ( 1) The 51function module of the integrated request software of the integrated mould software function of software function of the mould is more complete, every function module at the same time adopt the same datum model, in order to realize synthesis of message manage and share, thus support mold design , the whole course of making , assembling , examining , testing and production management, achieve the goal of realizing the best benefit. If the seriation software of Britain Delcam Company includes the curved surface / entitys geometry modelling , the complicated physique project makes maps , the industry design is played up advancedly, the plastic model designs expert system , complicated physique CAM , artistic modelling and carving automatic programming system , reverse project system and complicated online measuring system of physique ,etc. The software with higher integrated degree still includes: Pro/ENGINEER , UG and CATIA ,etc. There are Shanghai Communications Universitys metal plasticity shaping finite element analyticl system and blanking mould CAD/CAM system at home; CAXA series software of Beijing Beijing Institute of Aeronautics Haier software Co., Ltd.; Pressing mould CAD/CAE/CAM system ,etc. of gold net mould project research center of Jilin. ( 2) Mold design , analysis and three-dimension made The less the traditional two-dimentional mould structural design meet the needs of modern production and integrated technology. Mold design , analysis , three-dimension made , requiring the mould software of new generation to design the mould with the three-dimensional , ocular feeling with no paper at all, the digitized model of three-dimension adopted can be used in CAE analysis of product structure conveniently, course simulation and management and sharing of information that mould can be mading appraisal and numerical control are processed , taken shape . If the software , such as Pro/ENGINEER , UG and CATIA 52,etc. possess the parameter , characteristic because of the characteristic , correlated with completely ,etc., thus make the cocurrent engineering of the mould become possible. In addition, Moldexpert of Cimatran Company, Space-E/mold of Ps-mold of Delcam Company and Hitachi shipbuilding is that 3D professional note moulds the software of designing , can carry on the interactive 3D type core design of , type , mould shelf disposing and typical structural design . The three-dimensional sense of reality of Australia Moldflow Company flowed simulation software MoldflowAdvisers has already received users extensive favorable comment and application. There are similar software HSC3D4.5F and Z-mold software of the polytechnical university of Zhengzhou which polyversities of Central China developed at home. Face and make , the intelligent function based on knowledge is one of the important signs of weighing the software advance of the mould and practicability. If note , Cimatron of Company mould expert software can according to drawing of patterns side to produce line of dividing etc. and the person who divide automatically, produce the type core and type corresponding to products, ones that realized a part of mould are all relevant, produce the material detailed statement and form of holing for NC to process automatically, and can carry on the intelligent parameter of processing and establish , process fruiting check-up ,etc. ( 3) The networked trend that the mould software uses, with the mould globalization , internationalization in enterprises competition , cooperation , production and management ,etc., and computer rapid development , software and hardware of technology, network make trade use fictitious design , quick necessary manufacturing technology in mould, it is possible too. U.S.A. points out in its strategy of manufacturing company in 21st century , by 2006 it want it realize it is the quick on auto industry it produce 53/project scheme not fictitious,make automobile the development periods unable to shorten to on the 4 month from 40 month. 2. The mould is measured , processes the equipment to develop in the accurate , high-efficient and multi-functional direction ( 1) The mould checkout equipment one is accurate , high-efficient day by day The development of the accurate , complicated , large-scale mould , have more and more high expectations for checkout equipment one. The precision of the accurate mould has already reached 2- 3m now, the domestic producer uses more one three coordinate measurement machine of high accuracy of countries , such as Italy , U.S.A. , Japan ,etc. at present, and there is digitization that scans the function. If the automobile mould factory of east wind not merely has Italy to produce 3250mm * 3250mm three coordinate measurement machines, still there is a optics scanner of digital photography , first adopt digital photography , optical scanner as the space three-dimensional information acquisition means at home, thus realized from measures the material object Set up mathematics model Output the project drawing The mould makes the whole course, has succeeded in realizing the development and application of reverse engineering. The equipment in this respect still includes: British Renee can realize to continue the second generation of high-speed scanner (CYCLON SERIES2 ) of company that the laser examines the head, the precision of laser scanning is 0.05mm, examine the head to scan the precision and reach 0.02mm contact-typly. Germany ATOS portable scanner , GOM of Company in addition, Japanese PIX-30 , PIX-4 desk-top scanner and British Taylor, TALYSCAN150 many three-dimensional scanners of sensing of Luo Lan of Company Hopson Company have melting at a high speed , melts cheap and such characteristics as the function compound and melt separately. ( 2) The electric spark of numerical control is processed 54Japanese Shaddick Company of the lathe adopts servo AQ325L that drove of electrical machinery of straight line, AQ550LLS-WEDM has advantages , such as fast , transmission and orienting the precision high , hot and out of shape and small ,etc. of driving reacting. NCEDM of Swiss Chamier Company has P-E3 adaptive controlling, PCE energy controlling and automatic programming expert systems. Technology that other some EDM has also adopted the processing technology of the powder , little finish machining pulse power of mixing and controlling (FC ) fuzzily ,etc. ( 3) Mill and pare the lathe (HSM ) at a high speed It is the important means that one of moulds is processed of a type to mill and pare processing. And mill and pare at a high speed and have work pieces to rise warmly low, it cut it is the little in strength , it process being the steady, it process of high quality , process with high efficiency (for being ordinary to mill by 5- 1 time processed to pare ) and can process material not hard(60HRC),etc. a great deal of advantage. Paid attention to day by day in the mould is processed. Switzerland kronas of company Model UCP710 five-axle linkage machining center, lathe its orient precision can up to 8m , the ones that made by oneself had vectors to close the ring and control the electric main shaft , the largest rotational speed is 42000r/min. Italian RAMBAUDI Company high-speed milling machine, its processing range reaches 2500mm * 5000mm * 1800mm, the rotational speed reaches 20500r/min, cut and enter for the speed to reach 20m/min. HSM is generally used in the large and medium-sized mould to process mainly, for instance curved surfaces , such as covering mould of the automobile , pressing the mould for casting , large-scale plastics ,etc. are processed, its curved surface machining accuracy can reach 0.01mm . 3. It is one of the effective means to gain the market competition that economic fast to make the technology of the mould to 55shorten products development period. Compared with traditional mould process technology , make the technology of the mould economically and have the characteristics that make mould cycle short , the cost is lower fast, the precision and life-span can meet the production demand , is the mould manufacturing technology with more remarkable comprehensive economic benefits, have the following some technology concretly mainly. (1) fast prototype manufacturing technology (RPM ). It includes the three-dimensional photoengraving technology of laser (SLA ); Manufacturing technology of one pile of outlines (LOM ); Laser powder precinct frit technology of taking shape(SLS); Print and take shape technology (3D-P ) ,etc. in technology (FDM ) and three-dimension that melting deposits and takes shape . (2) surface takes shape and makes the technology of the mould . It means to utilize the spraying , electricity to cast and a new forming type a of surface of craft method and a kind of technology of the meticulous pattern that chemistry is corroded etc. (3) casting takes shape and makes the technology of the mould . :, bismuth tin alloy make alloy , technology of mould and base of zinc make mould technology , resin is it take shape mould technology and silicon rubber make mould technology ,etc. to compound. (4), cold to push and is it is it is it make moulds technology to take shape to mould to exceed. (5) have no technology that some take shape more of mould. (6) make the technology of the mould in steel band blanking blanking of KEVRON. (7) fast manufacturing technology of mould blank . : do the real type of sand and is cast , defeated by and pressed real casting , real type of resin and sand to cast and lose the wax technology of casting precisely etc. (8) other respects are technological. Such as adopting the nitrogen spring to press , unload the material , changes the technology of the mould , presses the combination technique of the unit , blade to pile and weld technology and real type to cast 56the blade of the trimming die and inlay a technology etc. fast. 4. Mould material and surface should improve level while dealing with the fast mould industry of the technical development, it is a key that the material is used. Because select suitable materials and the materials are improper, cause the mould to lose efficiency too early, probably take more than 45% of the invalid mould . In mould material, the daily cold-working mould steel is CrWMn , Cr12 , Cr12MoV and W6Mo5Cr4V2, the flame hardened steel (such as AUX2 of Japan , SX105V (7CrSiMnMoV ) ,etc.; It has U.S.A. H13 , Swedish QRO80M , QRO90SUPREME ,etc. to make mould steel that it is daily and new-type and hot; Daily plastic mould have hard steel (such as U.S.A. P20 ) , age-hardening section steel (such as U.S.A. P21 , Japan NAK55 ) in advance with steel, heat treatment harden section steel (such as U.S.A, Japan PD613 , PD555 , Sweden win white 136 grade), powder mould steel (such as Japan KAD18 and KAS440),etc.; The covering draws and prolongs daily HT300 of mould , QT60-2 , Mo-Cr , Mo-V casting iron ,etc., the large-scale mould shelf uses HT250. Many accurate trimming dies of workers location often adopt the steel to form the hard alloy and hard alloy YG20 ,etc. Deal with the respect on the mould surface, its main trend is: Permeated the single element to ooze , compounded to ooze (such as TD law ) to develop altogether to many elements; Generally spread to CVD , PVD , PCVD , ion permeating , such directions as the ion is poured into to develop; The ones that can be adopted plate the membrane to have: TiC , TiN , TiCN , TiAlN , CrN , Cr7C3 , W2C ,etc., at the same time the heat treatment means is developed from atmosphere heat treatment to vacuum heat treatment . In addition strengthen to laser at present , aura ion nitrogen technology and electroplate (brush and plate ) , antiseptic technology of strengthening etc. is paid attention to day by day. 5. Mould industrys new craft , new idea and new mode have been approved 57progressively In the craft of taking shape , : press the function of the mould and compound and melt, ultra plasticity takes shape , plasticity takes shape accurately technology , plastic mould gas inject technology , a technology of thermal current , high pressure to inject the technology of taking shape etc. auxiliarily . On the other hand, with the constant development of theadvanced manufacturing technology and improvement of the integral level of mould trade, some new design , production , management idea and mode have appeared in the mould trade. Have concretly mainly: Meet a flexible manufacturing technology of producing the characteristic of mould form; Create the best management and team spirit of benefit , lean production; Improve the cocurrent engineering , fictitious manufacture and global quick making , such new production philosophic theories as the network makes of the fast adaptability to changes; Adopt the division of labor and coordination of work of one in common use of standard component to produce the mode extensively; Green design and manufacture ,etc. meeting the needs of sustainable development and environmental protection. Fourth, summarize Enter 21st century, under the new situation of the economic globalization, with the combining anotherly of the capital , technology and labour market, the equipment manufacture of our country, after joining WTO, will become the base of world equipment manufacture. In the modern manufacturing industry, no matter which project of trade equip, adopt the products offered by industry of the mould more and more. For meet between user and high accuracy , short delivery date , low urgent request of cost that mould make, the industry of the mould is using the modern advanced manufacturing technology to accelerate the technological progress of the industry of the mould extensively, meet the active demand that all trades and 58professions equip to this basic craft of the mould . 外文资料译文外文资料译文塑料制品模具技术发展 近年来，随着我国经济的腾飞，塑料成型加工机械和成型模具发展十分迅速，高效，自动化，大型，微型，精密，高寿命的模具在整个模具行业中所占的比例越来越大。我国大型、复杂、精密、高效和长寿命模具又上了一个新台阶，不少种类模具已能替代进口模具，模具 CAD/CAM 技术得到了较快推广应用并取得了良好效果，快速成形制造技术和设备有了长足发展并已开始进入实用推广阶段，高速铣等新一代制造技术已被人们重视并开始应用。从模具使用角度来说，要求高效，自动化，操作简便；从模具制造角度，要求结构合理，制造容易，低成本。现代塑料制品生产中，合理的加工工艺，高效的设备，先进的模具是必不可少的三项重要因素。模具与其他机械产品比较，一个重要特点就是技术含量高、净产值比重大。随着化工、轻工产业的快速发展，我国的模具工业近年来一直以每年 1315左右的增长速度高速发展，而各行业对模具的要求也越来越高。面对市场的变化，有着高技术含量的模具正在市场上崭露头角。随着工业发展，工业产品的品种、数量越来越多；对产品质量和外观的要求，更是日趋精美，华气。因此，结合中国具体情况，学习国外模具工业建设和模具生产的经验，宣传、推行科学合理化的模具生产，才能推进模具技术的进步。一直以来我国模具工业在材料选用上由于受售价限制，国产模具的材料多采用 2Cr13 和 3Cr13 作精密热处理。国外则采用专用模具材料 DINI、2316，在耐磨、耐腐蚀性能及抛光亮度等综合性能上均明显优于国产材料。这从根本上影响了国产模具的外观质量和使用寿命。在生产工艺上，不少厂家由于设备不配套很多工作依赖手工完成，严重影响了精度和质量。国内企业的模具设计体系处在引进、消化和吸收的初级阶段，尚未形成成熟的理论指导和设计体系。缺乏模具调试条件。国内模具企业因受交货期短，试模场地及设备的局限，通常把质量检验工作放在用户处试模，且难以调试出最佳状态，给用户造成大量59的损失和浪费。而国外一些发展较好的企业都拥有自己的试模场所和设备，可以模拟用户的工作条件试模，所以能在最短的时限达到很好的效果。从总体情况看，模具工业投入仍旧不足，模具总量供不应求，特别是大型、精密、复杂、长寿命模具能力明显不足的情况在短期内仍难有较大改观。纵观模具行业近年来的发展，塑料模具结构的演变，及制造工艺的改进，归纳起来有以下几点：模具标准化是现代模具设计与制造的基础。推行模具标准化是实现模具合理化生产必备条件。国外对模具标准化工作十分重视，是由于采用标准件不仅能有效提高模具质量、降低成本，而且能大大缩短模具生产周期。美国、德国进行模具标准化工作已有 100 年的历史。而我们一直以来由于模具标准化程度不高，造成生产供应的标准件品种、规格不齐，质量不高，不能满足互换性要求。现在，我国在标准化方面已经有了很大的改进，随着工业产品多品种、小批量、个性化、短周期的发展趋势变得日益明显，模具标准化工作意义更为重大。据介绍，目前我国模具标准件使用比率有所增加，初步估计在 4045之间，与国际上 7080的比率还有很大差距，我国不同地区、不同企业之间模具标准件使用
- 温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。
|
2:不支持迅雷下载,请使用浏览器下载
3:不支持QQ浏览器下载,请用其他浏览器
4:下载后的文档和图纸-无水印
5:文档经过压缩，下载后原文更清晰
|
川公网安备: 51019002004831号