三层货运电梯曳引机及传动系统设计（含开题、CAD图纸、说明书】
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三层
货运
电梯
曳引机
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外文资料翻译LIFT BASICSAlso known as lift lift. Is the vertical transportation equipment, is essential for high-rise building in the transportation equipment. It is by electricity, you can drag a person or thing contained in the car, in the construction of the shaft to do within the rail moves vertically. 1. The composition of the elevator Elevator generally consists of five components: (1) Wells and some roomsThis is the normal operation of the lift required part of building construction.(2) Drive in Part of the tractor transmission, mainly composed by the motor (3) Lifting equipment parts Lifting equipment generally includes car, on the weight, balance chain, guide, and entrance hall. (4) Safety devicesSafety devices generally include deceleration devices and electrical safety equipment. (5) Control partControl section usually refers to the electrical control equipment and the necessary lines, including control cabinets, counters, and election excitation level converters.2. The composition of the elevatorLift a wide range of categories according to different requirements, passenger-cargo cotton. Passenger Elevator Elevators are generally used to transport passengers. General freight elevators dedicated to the transport of goods. (1) Bed elevatorBed elevators are usually used for transporting patients in bed and nursing staff.Combi ladder Ladder generally used for both passenger and cargo transport of passengers, but also delivery of goods. (2) Lift by speed category Elevator according to the speed is generally divided into: high speed ladder, speed ladder, and low-speed ladder.(3) High-speed elevators High-speed elevator speed 2 m / s or more, some call it Group A ladder.(4) Quick Lift Quick Lift speed 1.5m / s or more, and some called Group B ladder.(5) low-speed elevator Low-speed elevator speed 1.O1m / s or more, some call it C ladder. At present, most residential elevators are selected speed 1.Om / s. Elevator drive system by Category Elevator drive system according to classification, are generally divided into AC and DC elevator lift.(1) AC Elevator AC elevator elevator traction machine. General freight elevators and escalators for the AC-driven debris, speed 0.5m / s or less. Passenger Elevator in exchange for floor elevator generally not very high, and use less demanding place. Such as general residential, etc., it is generally the speed of 1m / s or less. (2) DC Lift DC elevator, because its Kai car for speed, leveling, parking is relatively stable, fast, and requirements for senior high places. DC Elevator divided into DC and DC high-speed elevators fast elevator, the speed was 1.5 1.75m / s, and 2 3.5m / s. DC Elevator DC motor generally electric power supply and control the engine group. Elevator Model The so-called models, which use a set of letters and numbers, in a simple way to understand the basic specifications, will lift out the main contents of that. Chinas Ministry of Construction Standards JJ4S-86 lift, hydraulic ladder of model for product, the provisions of the elevator model methodology The internal structure of the lift (1) BufferBuffer is to provide a safe protection of the last elevator safety devices. It is installed in the elevator shaft end of the pit, in the car and the weight is below. When the elevator up or down, because of the rope breaking, traction friction brake system, control system power failure of less than or exceed the top end or bottom layer of station when the buffer will serve as buffers to prevent elevator car or re-direct hit on the bottom or top destroying, protecting the safety of passengers and equipment.(2) Safety gearIn the car (on weight) in a sudden situation, able to grip the rail, while stopped car, and rail car firmly in the grip housing, such device known as the safety gear.(3) Governor Governor is a control car (on weight) speed equipment. When the car reached the speed limit when the car (on weight) of the governor began to move, and acting on the safety gear on, forcing it to clamp the guide rail, stopped car.(4) The introduction of devices Introduction of devices installed in the metal jacket from the inside people knife switch and capacitor filter through Phi gateway. When the lift long-term outage, the use of switching off power trip. Filter is used to prevent the interference of radio access network to receive the clutter and make contacts along the wire from the spark of the high frequency current does not flow through into the grid, while the low frequency (5OHz) supply voltage through the filter unimpeded. (5) Automatic switch Lift the automatic switch is used to protect motors and electrical equipment, the current exceeds the allowable value, including the short circuit current. Automatic switch by a core of the current coil, with a spring contact system and the delay time of the hot agencies. When the protection circuit current higher than the allowed value, the coil in the core by attracting, while the release of the contact spring driven, electrical circuit breaker, auto manual reset.(6) Transformers The elevator control circuit transformer for reducing sent, car lighting circuits, signals and repair of lighting the way back to the voltage, the transformer is called step-down transformer. Array voltage 380V voltage transformer can be reduced to 220V, 100V, 42V, 20V, and to 220V voltage down to 100V, 42V, 30V and 20V. Using both single-phase transformer, there are three phase. Single-phase transformer can be connected to AC power supply or electrical appliances and instruments, or connected to the single-phase rectifier; three-phase rectifier and three-phase transformer can be the door to the motor drive power supply. (7) RectifierRectifier is used to supply electrical equipment to DC electronic components. Elevator use by combinations of two-phase bridge rectifier schematic and significantly reduces the ripple current in three-phase rectifier. Rectifier power supply can be guaranteed by the electromagnetic relays, contactors, chain buttons, and other components to work more smoothly. In order to develop smooth flow of current services Change also uses a three-phase rectifier with capacitor in parallel.(8) Knife switch Knife switch mounted on a separate insulation board or control panel. When connected to knife switch, the movable contact, point to the spring-mounted together on contact.(9) Switch Switch for both closed and cut the number of electrical circuits. (10) Contactor Contacts for remote closure and cut off the electrical power circuit. Contactor power contacts to be closed electromagnetic system. (11) Electromagnetic RelaysElectromagnetic relays used to control the circuit switch for electrical the same as contactors, relays and Action for Street Railway and (12) Selector Selector is used to automatically select the car running direction. Press the start button, the elevator can also be used to make the required floor car parking and the car automatically in ladder wells, the location of the light show. Selector status of electrical contacts is reflected in the elevator car in the accuracy of the location of wells on the ladder. Floor switch system, the floor of the center chains, and the car position sensor with a sensor or reed sensors relay selector can be used to lift the selector. The use and maintenance of elevators(1) Locking device checks Should lock the doors every week on and off layers of inspection, when the elevator in the normal control, whenever a layer of gate or door of any of the fan-layer door was opened, and the elevator should not start or continue running. Locking parts of the locking device, such as eating together is less than 7, mm; the elevator should not be started.(2) Check the door sedan Should be checked weekly door sedan crash course in the closing movement of people, the cabin doors of the protective device is able to automatically re-open the door. (3) Fire inspection functionFiremen on a special elevator functions, the function should check each week. (4) Check the alarm and emergency functions Check the car in a week alarm, intercom systems, telephone and other emergency alarm devices, and the buildings management should be able to promptly respond to emergency call. (5) wire rope inspectionMainly for traction rope inspection, because in addition to the traction rope hanging car, on the heavy load, compensation devices and servo cables for all quality, but also must help with the sheave groove created between friction to drive all the suspension pieces to cook, under the reciprocating movement can easily lead to wear and damage. Second is to check the insurance over speed governor rope. It is run when the speeding car, the car or on the weight affecting the movement of essential safety gear safety devices. Overspend governor rope and the rope compensation insurance, the suspension is not set again, so very little chance of damage. Of the traction rope shall be inspected not less than the diameter of worn 90% of the original diameter, have broken wires, broken phone phenomenon. Traction force of each rope should be similar; the error should not exceed 5%. Elongation of the traction rope, the more buffers should be based on crashing process, whether to require truncation of the traction rope to rope. (6) Mechanical brake inspection Set out in the car with rated load, rated speed downlink and on the rows, disconnect the brake release circuit, the elevator should be no additional delay is an effective brake. If brakes can not be effective in slowing car brake, should carefully check the round shell, the grinding spindle and the linkage device from the case, whether there is corrosion and dirt accumulation, affect the normal function of the system function. (7) Overspend governor checkFirst, adjust the speed of their site should check the seals, have moved, and then check the pulley, shaft, interlocks, rope clip devices for worn, corrosion and dirt accumulation can be affected by any action in the state. Check electrical safety devices, as governor action should enable the elevator traction machine to stop functioning.电梯基础知识电梯也叫升降机。是垂直方向的运输设备，是高层建筑中不可缺少的交通运输设备。它靠电力，拖动一个可以载人或物的轿厢，在建筑的井道内导轨上做垂直升降运动。1电梯的组成电梯一般由五部分组成：（1）井道和机房部分这是电梯正常运行要求的房屋建筑部分。（2）传动部分传动部分即曳引机，主要由电机和钢索组成。（3）升降设备部分升降设备一般包括轿厢、对重、平衡链、导轨、门厅。（4）安全装置安全装置一般包括降速装置和电气安全设备。（5）控制部分控制部分通常是指电气控制设备和必要的线路，包括控制柜、励磁柜和选层器等。2电梯的组成电梯种类繁多，可根据不同要求进行分类，如按使用性质分客梯、货梯、客货两用梯等。（1）客梯客梯一般是用于运送乘客。（2）货梯货梯一般专用于货物的运输。（3）病床电梯病床电梯通常用于运送躺在病床上的病人及其护理人员。（4）客货两用梯客货两用梯一般既可用于运送乘客，又可运送货物。电梯按速度分类电梯按速度一般分为:高速梯、快速梯和低速梯。（1）高速电梯高速电梯速度在2 m/s以上，有的称之为甲类梯。（2）快速电梯快速电梯速度在1.5m/s以上，有的称之为乙类梯。（3）低速电梯低速电梯速度在1.01m/s以上，有的称之为丙类梯。目前大部分住宅客梯都选择速度为1.0m/s 。电梯按拖动系统分类电梯按拖动系统分类，一般分为交流电梯和直流电梯。（1）交流电梯交流电梯使用交流电梯曳引机。货梯及杂物梯一般为交流电驱动，速度在0.5m/s以内。客梯中交流电梯一般用于楼层不十分高及使用要求不高的场所。如一般民用住宅等，它的速度一般在1m/s以内。（2）直流电梯直流电梯，由于它的启车、换速、找平、停车比较平稳，运行速度快，用于高层及要求较高的场所。直流电梯又分成直流快速电梯和直流高速电梯，其速度分别为1.51.75m/s,和23.5m/s 。直流电梯的直流电动机一般由电动发动机组供电和控制。电梯型号所谓型号，即采用一组字母和数字，以简单明了的方式将电梯基本规格的主要内容表示出来。我国建设部标准JJ4S86电梯、液压梯产品型号编制方法中，规定了电梯型号的编制方法。2. 电梯内部结构（1）缓冲器缓冲器是提供最后一种安全保护的电梯安全装置。它安装在电梯的井道底坑内，位于轿厢和对重的正下方。当电梯在向上或向下运动中，由于钢丝绳断裂、曳引摩擦力、抱闸制动力不足或者控制系统失灵而超越终端层站底层或顶层时，将由缓冲器起缓冲作用，以避免电梯轿厢或对重直接撞底或冲顶，保护乘客和设备的安全。（2）安全钳在轿厢(对重)中出现突然情况时，能将导轨夹住，同时刹住轿厢，并将轿厢在导轨上牢牢夹持住，这种装置称为安全钳。（3）限速器限速器是一种控制轿厢(对重)速度的设备。当轿厢达到极限速度时，轿厢(对重)的限速器开始动作，并作用于安全钳上，迫使它夹住导轨，刹住轿厢。（4）引入装置引人装置由装在金属外罩内的刀开关及穿人式电容滤披器组成。当电梯长期停运时，利用开关切断电游、。滤波器用于阻止于扰无线电接收的杂波进入电网，并使来自火花触点沿导线流过的高频电流不进入电网，而低频(5OHz)供电电压可无阻碍地通过滤波器。（5）自动开关电梯上的自动开关用来保护电动机和电气设备的电流超过容许值，其中包括短路电流。自动开关由有铁心的电流线圈、带弹簧的触点系统及延滞时间的热机构组成。当在保护回路中的电流高于容许值时，线圈中的铁心受吸引，而释放带动触点的弹簧，电气回路遮断，自动开关手动复位。（6）变压器电梯上的变压器用于降低送往控制回路、轿厢照明回路、信号及修理照明回路上的电压，这种变压器称为降压变压器。阵压变压器可将380V电压降低到220V、100V、42V、20V,以及将220V电压降低到100V、42V、30V和20V。使用的变压器既有单相的，也有三相的。单相变压器可
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