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基于
PLC
组合
机床
控制系统
设计
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基于PLC的组合机床控制系统设计,基于,PLC,组合,机床,控制系统,设计
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外文资料翻译PLC QuestionPLC which should pay attention in the application is specially the control device which serves for the industrial production, usually does not need to take any measure, may use directly in the industry environment. But, when the production environment is too bad, the electromagnetic interference is special intense, or installs uses improper, cannot guarantee PLC the normal operation, therefore should pay attention to the following question in the use. First, working conditions (1) Temperature The PLC requests ambient temperature when 055, installs cannotplace under the calorific capacity big part, all around ventilates the radiation the space to be big enough, between the elemental area and the expansion unit must have above 30mm to be separated; On the switch cabinet, lower part should have the well ventilated louver, prevents the sunlight direct radiation; If the environment surpasses 55, must install the electric fan forced ventilation. (2)HumidityPLC in order to ensure insulation performance, air relative humidity should be less than 85% (no Gel).(3) Vibration PLC should be far away from the intense vibration source, prevents the vibration frequency is 1055Hz frequent or the vibration. When use environment inevitable vibration, must take the absorption of shock measure, like uses the absorption of shock rubber and so on.(4)AirIn order to avoid corrosion and flammable gases, such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide and so on. The more the air of dust or corrosive gas environment can be installed in a closed PLC better control of the control room or cabinet, and install air cleaning devices.(5) Power SupplyPLC power supply is 50Hz, 220 (1 10%) V AC, for the power line interference, PLC itself has sufficient capacity to resist. Reliability requirements for high power occasion or a particularly serious environmental interference, you can install a shield with variable ratio of 1:1 isolating transformers, in order to reduce the interference between the equipment and the earth .Also can input in the power series of LC filter circuit.Second, installment and wiring(1) The power line, the pilot wire as well as the PLC power line and the I/O line should distinguish the wiring, between the insulating transformer and PLC and I/O should use the double rubberized wire connection.(2) PLC should be far away from the strong jamming source like electric welding machine, the high efficiency silicon rectifier unit and the large-scale power equipment, cannot install with the high-pressured electric appliance in the identical switch cabinet. (3) The input and output of PLC are best separate the line, the switch quantity and the simulation quantity must separate the placing. The simulation quantity signals transmission should use the shielded wire, the shielding layer should an end or the both sides earth, and the earth resistance should be smaller than the shielding layer resistance 1/10. (4) The PLC elemental area and the expansion unit as well as functional modules ties cable should lie alone, prevents the outside signal the disturbance.(5) The exchange output line and the direct-current output line do not use the identical root electric cable, the output line to be far away from the high tension line and the power line as far as possible, avoids parallel. Third, I/O end wiring 1. Input wiring (1) inputs the wiring not to surpass 30 meters generally. But if the environment disturbance is small, when the loss of voltage is not big, the input wiring may suitable long. (2)Inputs/the output line not to be able to use the identical root electric cable, the input/output line to be separated. (3)Uses the normally opened contact form to connect the input end as far as possible, causes the establishment the trapezoidal chart to be consistent with the relay schematic diagram, is advantageous for reading. 2. Outgoing junction (1) The out-put wiring divides into the independent output and the public output. In not group, may use the different type and the voltage class output voltage. But can only use the identical type, the identical voltage class power source in the identical groups output. (2) Because the PLC output element is sealed on the print circuit wafer, and connects to the terminal strip, if will connect output elements load short circuit, will burn down the print circuit wafer, therefore, application fuse protection output element. (3)Uses when the relay outputs, withstands inductive loads size, will affect relays service life, therefore, time use inductive load the selective relay working life must be long. (4) The PLC output load possibly has the disturbance, must therefore take the measure to control, if direct-current outputs after flow guarantees protects, the exchange output anti- accommodates the absorbing circuit, the transistor and the bidirectional thruster output by-passed resistor protection.Fourth, outside security electric circuit to guarantee that the overall system can under the secure state the reliable work, avoids, because the external power supply breaks down, PLC to present the heavy economic loss which and the person casualty exceptionally, the disoperation as well as outputs by mistake creates, PLC the outside should install the essential protection circuit. (1) Stops the electric circuit anxiously. Regarding can cause the user to cause the damage the dangerous load, besides performs in the control procedure to consider, but also exterior should design the emergency stop electric circuit, causes when PLC breaks down, can cause the injury load power source reliably to shut off.(2)Fragment. The forward and reverse revolution and so on reversible operations control system must establish the exterior electric appliance interlock protection; the reciprocation moves and rises and falls motion the control system, must establish the exterior spacing protection circuit.(3)The programmable controller has self-checking functions and so on surveillance timer, when inspects exceptionally, outputs completely the closure. But when programmable controller CPU breakdown cannot control the output, therefore, regarding can cause the user to cause the damage the dangerous load, to guarantee that the equipment moves under the secure state, must design the external circuit to protect. (4) Power source load protection. If the PLC power source breaks down, the interruption interval is short in 10 seconds, PLC works not affected, if the power source interrupt surpasses 10 second or the power source drops surpasses the permissible value, then the PLC stop work, all output also separates; when the power source restores, if RUN input connection, then operates carries on automatically. Therefore, to establish the essential current limiting protection circuit to some easy over-loadings input device.(5) Significant breakdown warning and protection. Regarding easy to have heavy accidents place, to guarantee the control system when the heavy accident occurs still the reliable warning and the protection, should have with the significant breakdown the contacting signal to output through the external circuit, caused the control system to move under the safe condition.Fifth, PLC earth the good earth is guaranteed that the PLC reliable work the important condition, may avoid the heterogametic the voltage surge harm. PLC meets the grounding and machines ground terminal docking, meets the grounding the cross-sectional area should not to be smaller than 2mm2, the earth resistance is smaller than 100; If must use the expansion unit, its ground point should accept after checking with the elemental area earth in the same place. In order to suppress adds in the power source and the input end, out-ports disturbance, should joins the special-purpose grounding to PLC, the ground point should with the power equipment (for example electrical machinery) the ground point separate; If cannot meet this kind of requirements, must achieve with the other equipment public earth, forbids to establish contacts the earth with other equipment. The ground point should approach PLC as far as possible.PLC 在应用中应注意的问题PLC是专门为工业生产服务的控制装置，通常不需要采取什么措施，就可以直接在工业环境中使用。但是，当生产环境过于恶劣，电磁干扰特别强烈，或安装使用不当，都不能保证PLC的正常运行，因此在使用中应注意以下问题。一、工作环境1 温度PLC要求环境温度在055，安装时不能放在发热量大的元件下面，四周通风散热的空间应足 够大，基本单元和扩展单元之间要有30mm以上间隔；开关柜上、下部应有通风的百叶窗，防止太阳光直接照射；如果周围环境超过55，要安装电风扇强迫通风。2 湿度为了保证PLC的绝缘性能，空气的相对湿度应小于85%（无凝露）。3 震动应使PLC远离强烈的震动源，防止振动频率为1055Hz的频繁或连续振动。当使用环境不可避 免震动时，必须采取减震措施，如采用减震胶等。4 空气避免有腐蚀和易燃的气体，例如氯化氢、硫化氢等。对于空气中有较多粉尘或腐蚀性气体的环境，可将PLC安装在封闭性较好的控制室或控制柜中，并安装空气净化装置。 5 电源 PLC供电电源为50Hz、220（110%）V的交流电，对于电源线来的干扰，PLC本身具有足够的抵制能力。对于可靠性要求很高的场合或电源干扰特别严重的环境，可以安装一台带屏蔽层的变比为1：1的隔离变压器，以减少设备与地之间的干扰。还可以在电源输入端串接LC滤波电路。二、安装与布线1 动力线、控制线以及PLC的电源线和I/O线应分别配线，隔离变压器与PLC和I/O之间应采用双胶线连接。2 PLC应远离强干扰源如电焊机、大功率硅整流装置和大型动力设备，不能与高压电器安装在同一个开关柜内。3 PLC的输入与输出最好分开走线，开关量与模拟量也要分开敷设。模拟量信号的传送应采用屏蔽线，屏蔽层应一端或两端接地，接地电阻应小于屏蔽层电阻的1/10。4 PLC基本单元与扩展单元以及功能模块的连接线缆应单独敷设，以防止外界信号的干扰。5 交流输出线和直流输出线不要用同一根电缆，输出线应尽量远离高压线和动力线，避免并行。三、I/O端的接线1 输入接线（1）输入接线一般不要超过30米。但如果环境干扰较小，电压降不大时，输入接线可适当长些。（2）输入/输出线不能用同一根电缆，输入/输出线要分开。（3）尽可能采用常开触点形式连接到输入端，使编制的梯形图与继电器原理图一致，便于阅读。2 输出连接（1）输出端接线分为独立输出和公共输出。在不同组中，可采用不同类型和电压等级的
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