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李**（实名认证）
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- 关 键 词：
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轿车
制动器
设计
- 资源描述：
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轿车盘式制动器设计,轿车,制动器,设计
- 内容简介：
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本科毕业设计外文翻译译文 学生姓名 院（系） 机电工程学院 专业班级 车辆工程 指导教师 完成日期 Introduction To Car Disc BrakeCars (including two cars, motorcycles, hereinafter the same), is a modern transportation tool used most frequently, the most common, also is the most convenient transportation tool box. It is mainly composed of the engine, chassis, body and accessories, auto electrical and electronic equipment and other parts. Automobile brake system is an important automobile chassis system; It is about motor sports side device. The brake is direct role in brake system restriction of motor sport a key t, is the safety of the car is the most important thing.Generally speaking, automobile brake drum and disc divides into two broad categories. Since cars available and practical application, the drum brake within a fairly long time occupies the automobile brake dominance. In the early 20th century, between the disc brake, 30 s began to be used to train braking, tanks and aircraft. Due to the progress of manufacture technology and constantly improve, people know the advantages of disc brake by car designers know gradually. Since the 60 s, disc brake has been popular in the United States and Japan, Europe and other western developed countries, are widely used in cars and light and medium car front wheel braking, some advanced car front and adopt the disc brake. On some buses and heavy duty truck has been widely used. In the second round of automobile, motorcycle) is mainly in the application of displacement in more than 125 ml of motorcycle, general 125 250 ml is front coil, after the drum, more than 400 ml often front and rear wheels adopt disc brakes, even of a front wheel, double plate, rear plate.Disc brake application in automotive manufacturing in our country face of late, application began in the late 80 s, though in some cars, but mostly introduce the foreign products or components, and application of motorcycle brake disc that is in the 90 s.The main advantage of the disc brake disc brake is finding wider and wider application in automobile, motorcycle, because it is compared with the drum brake has some outstanding advantages of the following:（1）Braking stability is good. Its efficiency factors and the relationship between coefficient of Lao K balance production curve, so for the above free time can ease the number of requirements, thus the system advised when the friction between the surface for the influence of temperature, water sensitivity is low. When high kuai to drive car so can guarantee the stability and reliability of the brake.(2) in the brake disc brake, the car deceleration and the pipeline pressure is linear, and the drum brake is is a linear relationship(3) the output moment balance. The drum is balance to the poor.(4) brake disc has good ventilation cooling, with vent cooling effect of brake disc is preferred, good thermal stability, brake pedal force is lesser also required.(5) velocity has a little influence on the pedal force.(6) when work at higher temperatures, the brake disc thickness variation is small, so the pedal stroke changed little, while the drum is much more change.(7) disc friction piece of easy replacement, maintenance is simple, even in the field, and drum one hoof type similar assignments are much more complex.(8) in the output torque phase at the same time, the disc of small size, light in weight.(9) on the large displacement motorcycle jacket more appear beautiful, air disc brake.The classification of the disc brake disc brake caliper disc according to the characteristics of the braking force applied element points, since the power, all three. If the press clamp piston number in the body, the disc brake can be divided into single cylinder and multi-cylinder again; According to the brake disc can be divided into the integral type and ventilated. Previously mentioned pliers disc brake and full brake is according to the fixed clamp body on the scaffold model.The basic structure and working principle of sliding caliper disc brake in alto car front brake always become idle caliper disc brake of basic structure and working principle. Shown in figure 4 for the major structure of the brake, the brake disc with brake disc level switch with front wheel jinyi rigid connection, through the wheel on the yi yi bolt combined with front wheel, wheel yi internal spline with spline shaft coupling on the front axle turns with the front wheel brake disc. The brake clamp is fixed on the steering knuckle, steering knuckle is combined with front suspension.The working principle of sliding caliper disc brake simple introduction (see figures 4 and 5) as follows:Figure 4 Ao tuo 7080 car front brake structure1. The brake caliper pin bolt 2. The brake caliper pin 3. Dust cover 4.Friction plate 5.6.Vent plug and plug 7.Brake pliers 8.9.10.Brake pump assembly 11.Brake disc 12.Brake disc dust cover 13.stents 14.Leaf springThe 7 can be relatively brake disc brake caliper body on the brake clamp shaft tip 2 for axial sliding (floating), two pieces of friction block packing on both inside and outside of brake disc, lateral a fixed on the clamp body, the support of the medial a piece by spring live close to the cylinder hole end face beyond the Great Wall. On the brake caliper cylinder installed in the inside of the brake disc, when high pressure oil from the oil cylinder Kong Jin people on the brake caliper, then push the piston forward make the inside of the friction piece of pressure on the brake disc, and reaction of the lateral friction of pliers body along with its block sliding in the opposite direction to the direction and the piston and pressure to the other side of the brake disc, brake block until two equal force, in a very short period of time of braking torque and the brake disc stop running, so that the car brake down. When the oil pressure to cancel, with the aid of in cylinder piston sealing ring elastic resilience, and automatically from the whole system with the reverse process of the pressurized movement back to the state before the pressure, and maintain a constant clearance between the brake disc and system, which makes dry between adjustment of disc brakeThe design of the sliding caliper disc brake roadSolid basis of the design of the conditions are as follows:(1) a dynamic disk, (2) the clamp floating, round yi (brake axis) no radial force and moment, does not exist on the plate bending stress; (3) the circular lateral dynamic block this lining, busy dont have to load cylinder diameter is equal to its size. (4) absorbed heat t uniform distribution on the brake.The main test sliding caliper disc brakeDisc brake assembly as an important safety car parts. It also includes the design development and production process of a series of experiments, both important parts, assembly or go through rigorous testing, the test to verify, look to whether has reached the technical standard, here only a brief introduction of disc is made of some main test items.(1) the brake caliper assembly should be the bench test of main there are 14 categories. Have leakage test, the fluid volume and torsion failure strength test, the test slip torque, two types of torsion fatigue strength test, high hydraulic fatigue strength test, the normal temperature and high temperature (120 , 5 ) work endurance test, the vibration fatigue test and immersion resistance test, corrosion test and leakage test at low temperature in 14 categories.(2) brake assembly by dynamometer test, the comprehensive test bench test.(3) after at least 30000 kilometers of roads, the climate condition of the real vehicle experiment. Through the above all kinds of test and after reaching the corresponding technical standards, caliper disc brake can be put into production and use. Purpose is to make the brake assembly of braking efficiency is high, the braking stability, reliability, brake thermal stability and water stability is good and easy manipulation, no pollution to the environment.Car disc brake design and manufacturing technology in developed garden home already quite mature, but or just started in our country, high technology, design, manufacture and test are complicated. To ensure that produce batch larger, high performance disk controller products, not only in the art equipment (including test equipment), and other hardware to have larger input, also includes some efficient automation equipment and production line introduced from abroad, and struggle in soft technology and material the sunrise, also need to introduce some new technology, can spend more time in independent design and independent development, so that in the near future, form our own design, development, the ability of disc brake, and promote the automobile industry of our country, especially in cars and large displacement motorcycle industry at or near the worlds advanced level.外文中文翻译：浅谈汽车盘式制动器汽车(含二轮汽车,即摩托车,下同),是现代交通工具中用得最多,最普遍,也是最方便的交通运箱工具。它主要由发动机、底盘、车身与附件、汽车电器与电子设备等部分组成。汽车制动系是汽车底盘上的一个重要系统;它是侧约汽车运动的装置。而制动器又是制动系中直接作用制约汽车运动的一个关健装t,是汽车上最重要的安全件。一般说来,汽车制动器分为鼓式和盘式两大类.自从汽车问世并投入实际应用以来,鼓式制动器在一段相当长的时间内部占据着汽车制动的统治地位。二十世纪初,盘式制动器间世,30年代后期才开始用于列车、坦克及飞机的制动上。由于制造技术的进步和人们认识的不断提高,盘式制动器的优点逐渐被汽车设计师们所认识。60年代以来,盘式制动器已风靡美、日、欧等西方发达国家,广泛应用于轿车和轻、中型车的前轮制动上,一些高级轿车前后轮均采用了盘式制动器。在一些大客车和重型汽车上也得到了广泛应用。在二轮汽车(摩托车)上的应用主要是排量在125ml以上的摩托车,一般125250ml是前盘、后鼓、400ml以上往往前、后轮均采用盘式制动器,有的甚至是前轮双盘、后轮单盘。盘式制动器在我国汽车制造上的应用祖对较晚,80年代后期虽在一些轿车上开始应用,但大多是引进国外成品或散件,而摩托车盘式制动器的应用那更是90年代的事。盘式制动器的主要优点盘式制动器在汽车、摩托车上的应用越来越广泛,原因是它与鼓式制动器比较有如下的一些突出优点:(1) 制动稳定性好.它的效能因素与摩寮系数关系的K一产曲线变化平衡,所以对摩攘暇数的要求可以放宽,因而对制劝时摩擦面间为温度、水的影响敏感度就低。所以在汽车高蒯于驶时均能保证制动的稳定性和可靠性。(2)盘式制动器制动时,汽车减速度与时动管路压力是线性关系,而鼓式制动器却是非线性关系。(3)输出力矩平衡.而鼓式则平衡性差。(4)制动盘的通风冷却较好,带通风孔打制动盘的散热效果尤佳,故热稳定性好,制动寸所需踏板力也较小。(5)车速对踏板力的影响较小。(6)当工作温度升高时,制动盘厚度变化量小,故踏板行程变化不大,而鼓式则变化大得多。(7)盘式的摩擦块更换容易,维修简便,甚至可在现场进行,而鼓一蹄式类似作业则复杂得多。(8)在输出力矩相同时,盘式的尺寸小，重量轻。(9)在大排量摩托车上装上盘式制动器更显得美观、气派。盘式制动器的分类盘式制动器按制动力施加元件的特点分钳盘式、自增力式、全盘式三种。如果按钳体内活塞数目不同,则盘式制动器又可分为单缸式和多缸式;按制动盘的型式又可分为整体式和通风式等。前面提到的钳盘式制动器和全盘式制动器是按钳体固定在支架上的型式。滑动钳盘式制动器的基本结构及工作原理以奥拓轿车前制动器总成为例简单介绍惰动钳盘式制动器的基本结构和工作原理。图4所示为制动器的主要结构,用制动盘级栓将制动盘与前轮毅刚性联接在一起,通过轮毅上的轮毅螺栓与前车轮相联,轮毅的内花键与前轴上的花键轴联接使制动盘与前车轮一起转动。而制动钳则固定在转向节上,转向节与前悬架相联滑动钳盘式制动器的工作原理简单介绍如下(见
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