上海市2019年高考英语模拟试题9（含解析）.docVIP

上海市2019年高考英语模拟试题9（含解析）i. listening comprehensionsection a (10%)directions： in section a，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. at the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have, heard.1. a. $10. b. $8. c. $16. d. $12.2. a. at a concert. b. at a restaurant.c. at an art museum. d. at a flower shop.3. a. a teacher. b. a policeman. c. a doctor. d. an athlete.4. a. parent and child. b. husband and wife.c. teacher and student. d. shop assistant and customer.5. a. a pair of trousers. b. a suit.c. a coat. d. a blouse.6. a. the man is planning a trip to austin. b. the man has not been to austin before.c. the man doesnt like austin. d. the man has been to austin before.7. a. find a larger room. b. sell the old table.c. buy two bookshelves. d. rearrange some furniture.8. a. she is fond of pizza very much.b. she disagrees with the man.c. she doesnt understand what the man says.d. she doesnt like pizza very much, either.9. a. she doesnt mind it as the road conditions are good.b. she is tired of driving in heavy traffic.c. she is unhappy to have to drive such a long way every day.d. she enjoys it because shes good at driving.10. a. it was a long lecture, but easy to understand.b. it was not as easy as she had expected.c. it was as difficult as she had expected.d. it was interesting and easy to follow.section b (15%)directions ： in section b，you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. after each passage and conversation , you will be asked several questions. the passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. when you hear a question， read the jour possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. a. twin volunteers. b. twin prisoners.c. two police officers. d. two patients.12. a. to see if tea and coffee would do any harm to people.b. to see how much tea and coffee one could drink a day.c. to see whether his people were telling a lie.d. to see whether the drinks had the same effect.13. a. they both lived a long life. b. one of them survived the experiment.c. both of them died soon. d. they suffered a lot from the experiment.questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. a. it is listed in the teaching program. b. it is important to english teaching.c. effective listening results in good grades. d. its more taught than any other subject.15. a. listening helps to send plain message.b. listening develops interpersonal relationship.c. listening has little to do with interpersonal relationship.d. good listening helps to deliver an important speech.16. a. good listening means a good job.b. listening requires understanding.c. with good listening, you can receive messages.d. listening is an important means of communication.questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. a. interviewer and interviewee. b. boss and employee.c. fellow workers. d. teacher and guide.18. a. marketing products. b. studying a foreign language.c. developing teaching programs. d. selling software.19. a. social background. b. work experience.c. wide knowledge. d. intelligent mind.20. a. to japan b. to chile. c. to korea. d. to south americaii. grammar and vocabularysection a (10%)directions： after reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. for the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word ； for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.the suns changing energy levels are not to blame for recent global warming and, if anything, solar variations over the past 20 years should have had a cooling effect, scientists have said.their findings add to a growing body of evidence _1_ human activity, not natural causes, lies behind the rising average world temperatures, which _2_ (expect) to reach their second highest level this year since records began in the 1860s.there is little doubt that solar variability has influenced the earths climate in the past and _3_ well have been a factor in the first half of the last century, but british and swiss researchers said _4_ could not explain recent warming. over the past 20 years，all the trends in the sun that could have had an influence on earths climate _5_ (be) in the opposite direction to that required to explain the observed rise in global mean temperatures.most scientists say emissions of greenhouse gases, mainly from burning fossil (化石的) fuels in power plants, factories and cars, are the prime cause of the current warming trend. a _6_ (decrease) group pins the blame on natural variations in the climate system, or a gradual rise in the suns energy output.they concluded that _7_ rapid rise in global mean temperatures seen since the late 1980s could not be attributed to solar variability, _8_ mechanism was used.the _9_ (warm) years in the past 150 years have all been since 1990 and a united nations climate panel, _10_ (draw) on the work of 2,500 scientists, said this year it was “very likely” that human activities were the main cause.【答案】1. that 2. are expected 3. may 4. it 5. have been 6. decreasing 7. the 8. whatever 9. warmest 10. drawing【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家发现全球平均气温不断上升的背后是人类活动，而非自然原因。【1题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：越来越多的证据表明，全球平均气温不断上升的背后是人类活动，而非自然原因，预计今年全球平均气温将达到19世纪60年代有记录以来的第二高水平。此处为同位语从句，从句成分完整，所以用that引导，只起连接作用，无实义，补充说明evidence的内容。【2题详解】考查时态和固定句式。句意同上，be expected to do表示“预计/有望”，which 指代先行词the rising average world temperatures并在非限定性定语从句中作主语，讲述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，故填are expected。【3题详解】考查情态动词。句意：毫无疑问，太阳的变化在过去影响了地球的气候，这很可能是上世纪上半叶的一个因素，但英国和瑞士的研究人员说，这不能解释最近的气候变暖。may well表示“很可能、有充分理由可以”，故填may。【4题详解】考查代词。句意同上，此处指代太阳的变化在过去影响地球的气候这个因素，故填it。【5题详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的20年里，所有可能对地球气候产生影响的太阳活动趋势都与解释观测到的全球平均气温上升所需要的方向相反。时间状语“over the past 20 years”表明用现在完成时，故填have been。【6题详解】考查形容词。句意：越来越少的人将其归咎于气候系统的自然变化，或者是太阳能量输出的逐渐上升。修饰名词group用形容词，decreasing表示“持续减少的”，故填decreasing。【7题详解】考查冠词。句意：他们的结论是，自上世纪80年代末以来全球平均气温的迅速上升，无论以哪种角度来看，都不能归因于太阳的变化。此处指的是前面提到的“全球平均气温的迅速上升”，应该用定冠词表特指，故填the。【8题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意同上，分析句子结构可知，此处为让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”，故填whatever。【9题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：过去150年来最热的年份都是1990年以后。定冠词the修饰形容词最高级，故填warmest。【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一个联合国气候小组根据2500名科学家的研究成果表示，人类活动很可能是导致气候变化的主要原因。a united nations climate panel与draw之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作状语，故填drawing。【点睛】注意that连接同位语从句时，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。如：the idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。(that引导的从句作idea的同位语，补充说明idea的内容)section b (10%)directions： complete the following passage by using the -words in the box. each word can only be used once. note that there is one word more than you need.a gap year is often a time when young people travel or work to earn more money for school.gap years are much more _11_ in europe than in the united states, especially among children born to wealthy families. but now, more americans are showing an interest in the idea of a gap year. in fact, several u. s. colleges and universities are now _12_ students to delay their studies to make use of a gap year.in 2016, malia obama, daughter of then-president barack obama, _13_ a lot of media attention when she decided to postpone the start of their studies by a year. like malia obama, rosalie stoke, who had already been accepted for _14_ by her university of choice, made the same choice.in _15_ 2013，stoke connected with a family in barcelona, spain. they agreed to let her live with them and paid her a small amount to help care for their children for seven months. stoke studied spanish during her free time in barcelona. she then used the money to travel for two months.when returning to the united states to begin her studies at virginia tech in 2014, stoke said she felt at ease and that she knew more about herself as a person. also, when talking with friends who went _16_ to college from high school, she found many had a difficult time in their first year of college. some told her they _17_ the field of study they had chosen. others said they felt lost at the college or that they were wasting time doing things like _18_.jennifer powell-lunder, a _19_ psychologist who works mostly with young people, says these feelings are common among first-year college students. she says more young people are _20_ admission to college than ever before. that means the level of competition is the highest it has ever been. she says young people today have to do more than ever before to be seen as successful. taking a gap year may help reduce some of the pressure.【答案】11. b 12. k 13. c 14. e 15. g 16. i 17. a 18. h 19. d 20. f【解析】本文是一篇说明文，以罗莎莉斯托克为例介绍了欧美学生休间隔年的情况。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：间隔年在欧洲比在美国普遍得多，尤其是在富裕家庭出生的孩子中。此处缺少形容词作表语，表示“常见的、普遍的”，故填b。【12题详解】考查时态。句意：事实上，一些美国的学院和大学正在敦促学生推迟学业以利用间隔年。此处缺少动词作谓语，urge sb to do表示“敦促/强烈要求某人做某事”，“are”表明为现在进行时，此处填现在分词，故填k。【13题详解】考查时态。句意：2016年，当美国前总统奥巴马的女儿玛利亚决定推迟一年开始学业时，她受到了媒体的广泛关注。此空缺少动词作谓语，表示“收到”，时间状语表明应该用一般过去时，故填c。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：和玛利亚一样，已经被她所选择的大学录取的罗莎莉斯托克也做出了同样的选择。作介词for的宾语用名词，表示“录取、进入许可”，故填e。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：2013年秋季，罗莎莉斯托克与西班牙巴塞罗那的一个家庭取得了联系。根据英语表达习惯可知此处应该填季节或月份，表示“在某年某月/季节”，fall表示“秋天”，故填g。【16题详解】考查副词。句意：此外，当她和高中就直接上大学的朋友聊天时，她发现很多人在大学的第一年都过得很艰难。修饰动词went用副词，straight表示“直接”，go straight to表示“直接去”，故填i。【17题详解】考查时态。句意：一些人告诉她，他们质疑自己选择的研究领域。此处缺少动词作谓语，表示“质疑”，事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故填a。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：其他人则表示，他们在大学里感到迷茫，或者他们在浪费时间参加社交聚会之类的事情。介词like后接动名词作宾语，party做不及物动词时，表示“参加社交聚会”，故填h。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：临床心理学家埃尼弗鲍威尔兰德主要与年轻人打交道，她说这种感觉在大一学生中很常见。修饰名词psychologist用形容词，clinical表示“临床的”，故填d。【20题详解】考查时态。句意：她说，现在申请上大学的年轻人比以往任何时候都多。此处缺少动词做谓语，表示“寻找”，“are”表明为现在进行时，此处填现在分词，故填f。iii. reading comprehensionsection a (15%)directions ： for each blank in the following passage there are four -words or phrases marked a , b, c and d. fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.an art program is helping students at some of the lowest performing schools in the united states.on june 8，much of the world _21_ the united nations world oceans day. the idea is to remind people how important the worlds oceans are to all life on earth, to celebrate their beauty, and to bring attention to the _22_ human activity has on the oceans.this year, the theme is “our oceans, our future,” with special emphasis on finding solutions to plastic pollution, and _23_ marine litter for a healthier ocean and a better future.the worlds oceans _24_ nearly three fourths of the earths surface, and contain 97 percent of our planets water. they produce over half of our oxygen，help regulate our climate, absorb carbon dioxide，and support the greatest _25_ of life on our planet.nearly half of all species on earth depend on the oceans for survival, and for many of the rest, including people, the oceans _26_ the quality of life.the oceans are also _27_ to the worlds economy, because they are key to transportation and recreation. as over 95 percent of the underwater area remains unexplored, it is nearly a _28_ that their depths may hold the cure to many a disease, the _29_ to many a problem.and yet, as much as 40 percent of the worlds oceans are _30_ affected by human activities that result in pollution, over-fishing, and loss of coastal habitats. of particular _31_ is plastic garbage. some of it comes from ships that use our rivers, lakes and seas, and eventually _32_ into the ocean. but about 8 million metric tons of plastic waste washes off land into the ocean each year.once there, it begins to _33_ until it turns into small fragments known as micro-plastics. plastics are a serious threat, because they degrade very slowly, trap sea creatures, damage habitats like coral reefs, and are _34_ by marine animals. researchers have documented the impacts of plastic on over 650 different marine speciesincluding sea turtles, seals, whales, dolphins，porpoises, seabirds, and fish.on world oceans day, we must remember that the health and safety of our oceans is our collective _35_，one that we cannot afford to neglect. only through good stewardship can we safeguard the health of our oceans, and ensure that the oceans continue to meet the needs of future generations.21. a. makesb. observesc. watchesd. establishes22. a. impactb. energyc. effortd. attempt23. a. promotingb. defendingc. preventingd. protecting24. a. carryb. wrapc. involved. cover25. a. abundanceb. effectc. influenced. feature26. a. destroyb. improvec. damaged. spoil27. a. accessibleb. indispensablec. harmfuld. available28. a. certaintyb. doubtc. phenomenond. symptom29. a. revolutionb. contributionc. resolutiond. distribution30. a. hardlyb. barelyc. nearlyd. heavily31. a. importanceb. concernc. valued. priority32. a. makes its wayb. loses its wayc. fights its wayd. goes its own way33. a. break outb. break downc. break intod. break through34. a. digestedb. dislikedc. enjoyedd. swallowed35. a. sourceb. resourcec. responsibilityd. wealth【答案】21. b 22. a 23. c 24. d 25. a 26. b 27. b 28. a 29. c 30. d 31. b 32. a 33. b 34. d 35. c【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了今年世界海洋日的主题以及严重威胁海洋健康的塑料污染问题。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：6月8日，世界上许多国家都在庆祝联合国世界海洋日（6月8日是联合国世界海洋日）。a. makes制作；b. observes 庆祝；c. watches观看；d. establishes建立。根据本空后的“the united nations world oceans day”可知，6月8日，世界上许多国家都在庆祝联合国世界海洋日，故b项正确。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这节日是为了提醒人们世界上的海洋对地球上所有的生命是多么重要，来庆祝它们的美丽，并引起人们对人类活动对海洋的影响的关注。a. impact 影响；b. energy能量；c. effort努力；d. attempt尝试。have impact on表示“对有影响”，故a项正确。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年的主题是“我们的海洋，我们的未来”，特别强调寻找塑料污染的解决方案，为了更健康的海洋和更美好的未来防止海洋垃圾。a. promoting提升；b. defending防卫；c. preventing防止、阻止；d. protecting保护。根据本空后的“marine litter for a healthier ocean and a better future.”可知，此处是说为了更健康的海洋和更美好的未来防止海洋垃圾，故c项正确。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：世界上的海洋几乎占地球表面的四分之三。a. carry搬运；b. wrap缠绕；c. involve包含；d. cover覆盖、占大面积。根据本空后的“nearly three fourths of the earths surface”可知，海洋几乎占地球表面的四分之三，故d项正确。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们产生我们所需的一半以上的氧气，帮助调节我们的气候，吸收二氧化碳，支持我们星球上大量的生命。a. abundance丰富、大量；b. effect效果；c. influence影响；d. feature特征。根据常识可知，地球上的很多生命依靠海洋生存，abundance of表示“许许多多的”，故a项正确。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：地球上近一半的物种依靠海洋生存，而对包括人类在内的许多其他物种来说，海洋改善了生活质量。a. destroy破坏；b. improve改善、改进；c. damage损害；d. spoil掠夺。根据空后的“the quality of life”可知，海洋改善了包括人类在内的许多其他物种的生活质量，故b项正确。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海洋对世界经济也是不可或缺的，因为它们是交通和娱乐的关键。a. accessible可进入的；b. indispensable绝对必要的、不可或缺的；c. harmful有害的；d. available可得到的。根据空后的原因可知，海洋对世界经济也是不可或缺的，故b项正确。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于95%以上的水下区域仍未被探索，几乎可以肯定的是，它们的深处蕴藏着许多疾病的治疗方法和许多问题的解决方法。a. certainty必然；b. doubt疑问；c. phenomenon现象；d. symptom症状。因为有那么广阔的区域还未被探索，所以几乎可以肯定海洋深处蕴藏着许多疾病的治疗方法和许多问题的解决方法，故a项正确。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。a. revolution革命；b. contribution贡献； c. resolution解决、决议；d. distribution分配。resolution to表示“的解决办法”，故c项正确。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，世界上多达40%的海洋受到人类活动的严重影响，这些活动导致污染、过度捕捞和沿海栖息地的丧失。a. hardly 几乎不；b. barely仅仅；c. nearly将近；d. heavily严重地。根据本空后的“affected by human activities that result in pollution, over-fishing, and loss of coastal habitats”可知，海洋受到人类活动的严重影响，故d项正确。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：特别令人关注的是塑料垃圾。a. importance重要性；b. concern担心、关注；c. value价值；d. priority优先。上文说人类活动给海洋带来了很多问题，特别令人关注的是塑料垃圾，of particular concern表示“特别值得关注的是”，故b项正确。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：其中一些塑料垃圾来自使用我们的河流、湖泊和海洋的船只，并最终进入海洋。a. makes its way into进入；b. loses its way迷路；c. fights its way奋力前进；d. goes its own way独自行动。上文说塑料垃圾是最令人关注的海洋污染问题，此处指塑料垃圾进入海洋，故a项正确。33题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一旦进入海洋，它就开始分解，直到变成被称为微塑料的小碎片。a. break out爆发；b. break down分解；c. break into闯入；d. break through突破。根据空后的“until it turns into small fragments known as micro-plastics”可知，进入海洋后，塑料垃圾就开始分解，故b项正确，【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：塑料是一个严重的威胁，因为它们降解非常缓慢，会困住海洋生物，破坏珊瑚礁等栖息地，并被海洋动物吞食。a. digested消化；b. disliked不喜欢；c. enjoyed喜欢； d. swallowed吞下。根据空后的“by marine animals”可知，塑料会被海洋动物吞食，故d项正确。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们必须牢记，（保护）海洋的健康和安全是我们所有人的责任。a. source 来源；b. resource资源；c. responsibility责任；d. wealth财富。海洋对地球上的生物非常重要，所以保护海洋的健康和安全是我们每个人的责任，故c项正确。section b (22%)directions： read the following three passages. each passage is followed by several questions or un finished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c and d, choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(a)washingtonwhat parent doesnt want to mold his or her child to be better, faster, smarter, more capable? even though human parents cant do that, a robot that builds its own children can. scientists at the university of cambridge in england have created a mother robot that not only constructs its own children, but tests their performance.its a robotic version of natures survival of the fittest. the mother robot analyzes the performance of each of the “children” it creates, and incorporates preferential traits into the next generation.“as the mother creates them and puts them to work, she evaluates how theyre behaving, and she uses data from this behavior to create the next generation of robots,” explained research scientist andres rosendo.theres no human intervention, except for a computer command to create a robot capable of moving from one place to another. the mother builds its children by gluing together pieces with small motors inside, in different configurations. then it watches h