2010年高考全国各地月考英语阅读理解汇编-科普知识类.doc

全国通用2010届高考全国各地月考阅读理解汇编之科普知识类Passage 1（安徽省桐城六中2010届高三第二次模拟月考）All plant cells are capable of taking up water. Even dead ones do to a certain degree. Absorption（吸收）of water by dead cell walls makes wood become larger. In common land plants, the living cells of roots take up most of the water. Land plants without roots do exist, however. Those greenish-yellow lichens（苔藓）you see on rocks in the high mountains have no roots. Half a billion years ago, when water plants started to enter the land, the first land plants did not have roots. Even among the flowering plants, one finds rootless forms. These flowering plants are “the higher plants” because they evolved（进化）recently and are thus considered higher on the evolutionary scale（进化度）. In the Peruvian desert, there grows one of these rootless higher plants, a bromeliad. It is a relative of the pineapple. Even if this plant had roots, they would be of no use, because where the plant grows, it never rains. The plant gets its water only from the dew（露水）it collects at night, when its leaves cool off. Such rootless plants, of course, can be moved with ease, but they will only grow when they are placed out in the open. If they are placed too near a house, the radiation from the heat of the house prevents the leaves from cooling and so prevents dew from forming, and the plant dies. In the southern United States and in Puerto Rico, one sees bromeliads growing high above the streets on the insulation（绝缘物）of electric wires. These plants get their water from rain, and the only soil they ever come in contact with is the dust that may blow on their leaves. 72Wood becomes larger because of . Adead cell wallsBwater entering dead cellsCthe growth of cellsDthe death of cells73From the passage we know that the evolutionary scale is graded according to . Aevolutionary cyclesBheights and depths Ctime Dkinds74The “bromeliad” is a plant that . Ahas useless rootsBis a pineappleCcan grow anywhereDtakes up water through its leaves75The most suitable title for this passage is “ ”. AAbsorption of water by plants BRootless plantsCPlants in the desert DHigher plants答案 BCDAPassage 2（安徽省芜湖七中2010届高三上学期第一次调研考试）The following are four forms about medicine. How to use the medicine is very important. Never take any by mistake. 1）Take the medicine with water. followed by one tablet every eight hours. as required. For further nighttime and early morning. take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in 24 hours. For Children six to twelve years old. go to your doctor for advice. Reduce dosage if nervousness. restlessness or sleeplessness takes place. 2）Each pill of the medicine taken three times every day for fourteen years old. As usual. a pill 6:00 a. m. before breakfast. One before 11:00 and one before sleep. Not for children under six years old and old persons with heart attack. 3）The medicine for a person with a fever. Once two pills a day before sleep for adult. Not take the medicine without fever. Half for Children under 12 years old. Children with a high fever. go to see a doctor. 4）The medicine taken three times a day. Once five pills for adult with a cold. Half of the pills for children 10 years old. Take the medicine before breakfast, lunch, supper or before sleep. 51Obviously a kind of medicine cant be proper for . judging from the information. Achildren over twelve years oldBsome old persons with a feverCsome old persons with heart attackDneither adults nor heart attack52When a person has a cold. he had better . Ahave about more than fourteen pills a dayBhave twice a dayChave four times a dayDhave nine pills a day53How many kinds of medicine are used for the children six years old?AAll of them. BThree kinds of medicine. CTwo kinds of medicine. DAlmost not any medicine. 答案 CADPassage 3（湖北省黄冈中学2010届高三8月月考）Advice to “sleep on it” could be well founded, scientists sayAfter a good nights sleep a problem that couldnt be solved the night before can often appear more manageable, although the evidence until now has been anecdotal (个人体验的)But researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good nights sleep can improve insight (顿悟) and problem-solving“If you have some newly-got memories in your brain, sleep acts on these memories and restructures them , so that after sleep the insight into problem which you could not solve before increases,” said Dr Jan Born , a neuroscientist (神经科学家), at the universityTo test the theory, they taught volunteers two simple rules to help them turn a string of numbers into a new orderThere was also a third, hidden rule, which could help them increase their speed in solving the problemThe researchers divided the volunteers into two groups: half were allowed to sleep after the training while the rest were forced to stay awakeDr Jan Born and his team noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as likely to figure out the third rule as the other group“Sleep helped,” Born said in a telephone interview“The important thing is that you have to have a memory representation in your brain of the problem you want to solve and then you sleep, so it can act on the problem” But Born admitted that he and his team dont know how restructuring of memories occurs or what governs itPierre Maquet and Perrine Ruby of the University of Liege in Belgium said the experimental evidence supports the anecdotal suggestions that sleep can help develop creative thinkingAlthough the role of sleep in human creativity will still be a mystery, the research gives people good reason to fully respect their periods of sleep, they added55The underlined phrase “sleep on it” in Paragraph 1 probably means Ato delay deciding something until the next day Bto get as much sleep as possible Cto go on sleeping without being disturbed Dto sleep till after the time you usually get up in the morning 56Jan Born and his team carried out the experiment through _ Acomparison Binterview Csurvey Dimagination57It can be inferred from the passage that _Apeople should sleep so long as they have time Bsleep is the only way to solve hard problems Cpeople have various periods of sleep Dpeople know how sleep reconstructs memories58What would be the best title for the passage? AHow Sleep Works BSleep Helps Solve Problems CNo Evidence, But Well Founded DBorns Discovery On Sleep 答案 AACBPassage 4（湖南省浏阳一中2010届高三第一次月考）Sri Lanka is known as the “Pearl of the Indian Ocean”, and it is easy to see why. This little country never fails to please visitors. Arrive The national airline is Sri Lankan Airlines, which flies from Colombo to London and a couple of other European cities. The countrys main airport is Colombo Bandaranaike, located 29km north of the capital city. Why now? The best time to visit Sri Lankas southern beaches is from November to April. So by going early in the season, youll get the best weather. Also in November, Deepavali, known as “Diwali” or the “Festival of Lights”, is Sri Lankas main religious festival, celebrated throughout the country. See There is plenty to see in Sri Lanka. The ancient capital cities of Polonnaruwa and Anuradhapura are worth seeing, and so are many outstanding ruins. Other mustsees are the rock fortress （要塞） of Sigiriya, towering over the jungle as far as the eye can see, and Dambullas cave temple, the countrys largest and best preserved. Both are UNESCO World Heritage （遗产） Sites. Kandy is a picturesque town, which was the last stronghold of the Kandyan Kings. Today it is a cultural relic centre where ageold customs, arts, and crafts remain. Do Sri Lanka owns about 1,600km of beautiful palm-shaded beaches as well as warm, pure seas and colorful coral reefs （珊瑚礁）. You can explore the underwater world, and surfing and diving are available too. Away from the shore, wildlife is a big draw for Sri Lanka, and Yala National Park is one of the best places in the world to see wild animals including leopards （豹） and elephants. Taste Sri Lanka is celebrated for its excellent food, with a particular emphasis on fresh fruit and vegetables on menus everywhere. Fish and seafood are a big part of the local diet. Did you know? Sri Lanka is known for its tea, but it is also the worlds largest producer and exporter of cinnamon（肉桂）. 60. Which of the following is a cultural relic centre of Sri Lanka? A. Kandy. B. AnuradhapuraC. Polonnaruwa. D. Colombo. 61. If you want to know something about “Diwali”, youd better go there in . A. September. B. October. C. November. D. May. 62. We learn from the passage that Sri Lanka . A. is in the Pacific Ocean B. is famous for its excellent food C. is the worlds largest producer of tea D. has only flights to London 63. The author wrote the article in order to . A. introduce the picturesque landscape of Sri Lanka B. let readers know what is famous in Sri Lanka C. make Sri Lanka well known throughout the world D. let people get more travel information about Sri Lanka 答案 ACBDPassage 5（吉林省公主岭市范家屯一中2010届高三模拟考试）Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; theres no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your childrens curiosity（好奇）. Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me textbook questions about schooling, salary（薪水）and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, Now that were finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, Have you ever seen a grasshopper（蚱蜢）eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours. Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their wait time to three seconds or more, children give more logical（符合逻辑的）, complete and creative answers. Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, dont jump in with Thats right or Very good. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior（行为）. But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying Thats interesting or Id never thought of it that way before, or coming up with more questions or ideas. Never push a child to Think. It doesnt make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. Whats more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target（目标）for your disagreement. Lastly, show; dont tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass（放大镜）, and theyll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates（蒸发）, set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop. 41. According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is _. A. to let them see the world around B. to share the childrens curiosityC. to explain difficult phrases about science D. to supply the children with lab equipment42. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word lists could best be replaced by _. A. any questions B. any problems C. questions from textbooks D. any number of questions43. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults _. A. ask them to answer quickly B. wait for one or two seconds after a questionC. tell them to answer the next day D. wait at least for three seconds after a question44. In which of the following paragraph（s）does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?A. The second and third. B. The fourth and fifth. C. The fifth and sixth. D. The seventh. 45. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their childrens curiosity except that adults should _. A. tell their children stories instead of reciting（背诵）factsB. offer their children chances to see things for themselvesC. be patient enough when their children answer questionsD. encourage their children to ask questions of their own答案 BCDCAPassage 6（浙江省海盐县元济高级中学2010届高三第一次月考）There are several reasons for hair loss in women. However, in most cases, treatment is quite effective. Female hair loss patterns in women are not as easily recognizable as they are in men. A woman may experience it temporarily due to pregnancy or illness, although they may experience it for other reasons.Hair loss can be due to a variety of factors, including a genetic tendency (which is not genetically linked to just one parentboth parents contribute to the tendency to lose hair).Women who are experiencing hair problems seem to have more limited choices than men. There are some female hair loss treatments that are available such as the Tricomin System which is a topical treatment that is nutrition based. Shen Min for Women is another natural treatment that contains herbs (药草) that are said to stimulate(刺激) hair growth and even restore hair that is graying to its natural color.The majority of the popular, proven hair loss treatments are only intended for men and are not suitable for women. True, a womans hair issue is different from a mans. The biological makeup is different and the needs are different. Women have different needs and their bodies react in different ways to environmental changes, physical illness and even the treatments that are available. There are many natural treatments such as vitamin and mineral supplements that are said to stimulate hair growth, but, for the most part, these claims are currently unproven.One of the first and most important factors to effectively treating is to get a diagnosis from a doctor. Talk to your doctor about any symptoms that you may be experiencing in addition to the thinning hair. Stress, weight loss or gain, illness and depression, all of these can be contributing factors.73. It can be learned from the 1st paragraph that _.A. usually hair loss is hard to healB. female hair loss is more common than the mensC. women tend to suffer from hair loss during the pregnant periodD. only illness contributes to hair loss74. Which of the following statements matches the text about the two treatments?A. Both are to solve the problem of male hair loss.B. Tricomin System is effective in speeding the growth of the new hairC. Shen Min is an updated way of treating hair lossD. The former is nutrition-based, while the latter is medicine-based.75. The reasons for the differences between the female and male hair loss problems do not include _.A. The biological structure and composition of the hairB. The wants and needsC. The reactions and responses to the outside changesD. The approach to taking exercise76. The natural treatments _.A. include vitamin and mineral supplementsB. are applied to keep the hair healthyC. have been proved usefulD. are the most commonly-used ways答案 CDDAPassage 7（甘肃省酒泉市肃州中学2010届高三入学考试）EWhen should a child start learning to read and write? This is one of the questions I am most frequently asked. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike, and it would be wrong to set a time when all should start being taught the intricacies（复杂）of reading letters to form words.If a three-year-old wants to read（or even a two-year-old for that matter）, the child has the right to be given every encouragement. The fact that he or she might later be “bored” when joining a class of non-readers at child school is the teachers affair. It is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given more advanced reading material.Similarly, the child who still cannot read by the time he goes to junior school at the age of seven should be given every help by teachers and parents alike. They should make certain that he is not dyslexic（having difficulty in reading）.Although parents should be careful not to force youngsters aged two to five to learn to read（ if badly done it could put them off reading for life ）, there is no harm in preparing them for simple recognition of letters by labeling various items in their rooms. For instance, tie a nice piece of cardboard to their bed with BED written in neat, big letters.Should the young child ask his parents to teach him to read, and if the parents are capable of doing so, such an attraction should not be ignored. But the task should never be made to look like a hard job and the child should never be forced to continue, or his interest should start to flag.56. This passage is mainly about _.A. what qualities people teaching children reading should haveB. different age groupings of children to be taught readingC. when and how children should be taught readingD. various problems of children who s