现在完成时讲解.doc

现在完成时的讲解和练习一 现在完成时的构成:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 (过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。略 ) ( )1.I Enghish in this school since 1999(A)taught (B)have taught (C)tea (D)would teach( )2.Lilei the pen for five years(A)has had (B)bought (C)have had (D)have bought( )3.Kate her grand mothers photo before(A)havent seen (B)have seen (C)see (D)hasnt seen二、否定式:主语 + havent/hasnt + 过去分词。 疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词?简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定) ( ).He finished his homework. yet(A)doesnt(B)havent (C)hasnt (D)doesnt have三 现在完成时的含义之一表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与never/ever，just，already/yet，before,so far等连用。这些标志词可以表达这种含义以already, just和yet为标志 already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。He has already got her help. He has just seen the film. He hasnt come back yet。 以动作发生的次数为标志 若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。 He says he has been to the USA three times. ( )1.Have you learned English? Yes, Ive learned a lot.(A)never, ever(B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever( )2.Have you finished your homework ? Yes, Ive done that (A)yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just四、现在完成时含义之二表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。常与for, since, how long, these days等连用。Since+过去点的时间（since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点）Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. for+一段时间（数词+量词），（for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段）。此划线部分用how long提问。用since和for填空1) _ two years2) _ two years ago3) _ last month4) _ lunch time5) _ she left here ( )1.His father joined the party_(A)for three years (B)since three years ago(C)three years ago (D)in two years time( )2.He moved here in 1999,and he has been here .(A)at that time (B)for five years ago(C)since four years (D)for four years( )3.Tom has been away from home about five days ago.(A) (B)in (C)since (D)for五、句式：主句（现在完成时）since+ 从句（一般过去时） ( )1.she English in our school ever since she here.(A)has taught, come (B)taught ,came(C)has taught, has come (D)teaches, has come( )2.OurEnghish teacher in our school since he to China.(A)has taught . come (B)taught,come(C)has taught, has . come (D)teaches, has come六、句式：Its /It has been一段时间since从句（用一般过去时） 一段时间has passedsince从句（用一般过去时）( )1.Its ten years since she .(A)has left (B)has been away (C)left (D)leave七、have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop.。have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用， I have just been to the post office. Mary has never been to the Great Wall. Have you ever been to Hangzhou? have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。：I have been to Beijing three times.They have been to that village several times. have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. ：have been here (there)( )1.Mrs whites isnt here, she London, she there many times(A)has been to , went (B)has gone to , has been(C)went to, has gone (D)has been to , has gone ( )2.They_ China for two years (A)have been to (B)have been in(C)have gone to (D)have come to八、现在完成时的反意疑问句【have（nt）/has（nt）代词】 ( )1.Jims been to the Great wall before , he?(A)isnt (B)wasnt (C)hasnt (D)doesnt( )2.Shes never been to England, she?(A)has (B)hasnt (C)isnt (D)is九、How long与现在完成时 ( )1.-_ have you been here? - Since last year(A)How far (B)How long (C)How often (D)How soon ( )2.How long _he_the library book .(A)has, borrow (B)has, kept (C)has, bought (D)did, buy十、短暂性转换延续性现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for 一段时间或“since过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时），over these years, in the past years, 以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）： A）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be backcome/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _. die be dead leave sw. be away from sw.finish/end be over marry be married 1) He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.2) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.3) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.4) They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth.begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. 2) The film began two minutes ago.I _ _ at this school since _. The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep lose not have buy have put on wearcatch/get a cold have a coldget to know know1) They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3) I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been in1) He has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.C）选择填空( )1.How long can I this book? Two weeks(A)borrow (B)keep (C)lend (D)return( )2.Her father in 1990 and her husband for more than five years(A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead (C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died( )3.I have this nice watch for two years(A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend( )4.He his home for ten years(A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away from (D)was away from十一、现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较：The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（