初三英语上册unit_1知识点复习.doc

初三英语上册unit_1知识点复习清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供Unit 1 How do you study for a test ?（一）学习目标（Language Goal） 1. Talk about how to study . 学会讨论各种学习方法和策略。 2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出适合自己的学习方法。（二）语言结构（Language Structures） 1. Verb + by with gerund by动名词短语 表示“通过途径，方法” 2. How questions have引导的特殊疑问句（三）目标语言（Target Language） 1. How do you study for tests ? 你是怎样准备考试的？ Well , I study by working with my classmates. 哦，我和同学们一起学习。 2. Have you ever studied with a group ? 你曾经参加过学习小组吗？ Yes , I have . Ive learned a lot that way . 是的，参加过。通过这种方式我学了许多。 3. I dont have a partner to practice English with . 我没有同伴可以练习英语。 Maybe you should join an English club. 或许，你应该参加一个英语俱乐部。 4. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation ? 大声朗读来练习发音怎么样？ Why dont you join an English language club ? 你为什么不参加一个英语俱乐部呢？（四）Key words and phrases （重点词汇） 1. flashcard n. 抽认卡 2. frustrating a. 令人沮丧的 3. memorize v. 记忆，背诵 4. aloud adv. 出声地、高声地 5. comma n. 逗号 6. pronunciation n. 发音 7. solution n. 解决办法 8. not at all 根本（不） 全然（不） 9. end up 结束，告终 10. make mistakes 犯错 11. later on 以后；随后 12. be afraid to 害怕去做 13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人） 14. take notes 做笔记，做记录 15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做乐意做 16. native speaker 说本族语的人 17. make up 组成、构成（四）重点、难点：（Key points and difficulties） 1. by 介词，表示“通过方法或途径”的意思，译成“靠、通过” by后面可以加名词或动名词短语 eg. （1）The house was destroyed by fire. 房屋被火烧毁了。 （2）travel by air （land , sea）航空（陆路、航海）旅行。 （3）go by train （boat , bus）乘火车（船，公共汽车）去 （4）shake sb by the hand 和某人握手 （5）I study English by watching English movies. 我通过看英文电影学英语。 另外，by做为介词的含义有很多，我们也已经学习过一些用法，总结如下 （1）在旁边、靠近 eg. There is a power station by the river. 河边有一个电厂。 （2）沿着、经由eg. come by the highway 由公路来 （3）由于 eg. by mistake 由于差错 （4）被、由 eg. some articles written by Luxun. 一些由鲁迅写的文章 （5）（表示面积）eg. a room 5m,by4m 一间长五米宽四米的房间 （6）逐批 eg. One by one 一个接一个 （7）表示方法、途径 如上 2. “How”questions How 引导特殊疑问句，有两种含义 （1）表示问候 eg. How do you do ? How are you ? Hows everything going ? （2）表示“怎样” eg. How is your new house ? 你的新房子怎么样？ Its great. 它太棒了。 How do you learn English ? 你是怎样学英文的？ I learn English by reading lots of English magazines. 我通过读大量英文杂志学习英文。 请同学们注意how和what引导的疑问句是不一样的，不能混淆。 how通常对程度或方式进行提问，意为“怎么样”，回答通常做状语或表语，what 常对动作的发出者或接受者进行提问，意为“什么”，回答通常主语或宾语。 试比较： （1）How is your summer holiday ? It is perfect. （表程度，表语） （2）How did you travel around the world ? I travelled by bike. （表方式，状语） （3）What do you learn at school ? I learn Chinese , English , Maths and other subjects. （学习的科目，做宾语） 3. 在这一单元中出现的话题是“讨论如何学习”。这个话题既有趣又实用，既能锻炼我们的口语表达能力，又能使我们学到一些实用的方法，对自身的学习大有帮助。如何向别人请教学习方法呢？又如何回答呢？ 请诵读下面的目标句型： How do you study English ? （运用特殊疑问句） I study by listening to cassetts. （听录音带） I study by studying with a group. （和小组一起学习） by watching English programs on TV. （看英语电视节目） by enjoying English songs. （听英文歌） by taking part in English classes after school . （上课外英语班） by getting an English tutor. （请英语家教） by reading English magazines and newspaper . （读英文杂志、报纸） by surfing the internet. （网上冲浪） by making flashcards. （制作单词认读卡片） by reading the textbook. （读教科书） by asking the teacher for help. （请教老师） by making vocabulary lists. （列单词表） by taking notes carefully . （认真记笔记） by having the English class carefully . （认真上课） by finishing my homework seriously . （认真完成作业） Do you learn English by ? （用一般疑问句） Yes , I do . / No , I dont. Have you ever studied with a group ? （用完成时态） Yes , I have . Ive learned a lot that way. What about listening to cassettes ? 用what about 动名词 提问 I do that sometimes. I think it helps. 4. 学会评价各种学习方法的优劣（Comment on the ways of learning English） 看到了上面各种各样的学习方法，有些眼花缭乱。其实，并不是所有的方法都适合自己。我们要学会判断、评价，然后才能选择最适合自己的 用哪些语言才能表达自己的评价呢？请看下面的目标句型：I think studying English by isbecause 如：I think studying English by working with a group is a good way because you can ask others when you have questions. I think surfing the internet is a bad way because you have to use a computer and always waste your time. 这个句型较长是个复合句，出现了由because 引导的原因状语从句。进入初三后，我们在写作表达时，要避免再使用仅仅由because 引导的句子，而要写完整的句子。 如：不能写Because I slept late . 意思不完整，不清晰 要写成I missed the early bus because I slept late . 这样，有原因，有结果，才是完整的句子。 5. 找出自己在英语学习中的困难 （Find out your own difficulties in learning English） 要选择适合自己的学习方法，还必须清楚自己的困难所在，然后才能有的放矢。 learning English can be difficult . What things are difficult for you ? 我们如何来表达自己学习与遇到的困难呢？如何给出建议呢？ 请诵读下面的目标句型：说出困难： I have a problem . I cant remember the new words. I cant pronounce some of the words. I cant understand spoken English . I always make mistakes in grammer. I read very slowly. I dont know how to speak English well. 给出建议： You should read English aloud. Listening can help. Why dont you join an English language club to practice speaking. Would you mind remembering new words by flashcards. Please try to talk with your friends in English as much as possible. （请注意不同句式的运用） 6. 选择适合自己的学习方法（Choose your suitable learning ways） 通过以上各个环节的学习，我们终于可以完成最后的目标选择适合自己的方法。 如何表达呢？目标句型如下：（注意要给出原因，练习使用because）I (dont) think I can study English by , because （1）I think I can study English by listening to English songs because I love music too. （2）I dont think I can get an English tutor because I want to learn by myself at home. 找到适合自己的方法，写出至少五句。（六）3a in Section A 疑难解释 1. eg. He asked his mother to buy him a new bicycle. 他请求他母亲给他买一辆新自行车。 2. Many said they learnt by using English . 许多（学生）说他们通过使用英语来学习。 Many在这里是代词，而不是形容词，意为Many students. Many is a large number of something. 例如：We can put away many of these plates . We dont need this many. 我们可以把许多盘子收起来，用不着这么多。 3. eg. I felt frustrated at that time. 那时，我觉得很沮丧。 类似的还有 请同学们在学习中注意收集 4. not at all 根本不，全然不 eg. My brother did not like the scarf at all. not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾 5. get excited 变得兴奋起来 get是系动词，有“逐渐变得”的含义 get + adj eg. get mad 生气 get clear变得清楚了 The long journey got the children all tired. 长途旅行使得孩子们疲惫不堪。 6. end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 后面加动名词短语 相当于finish doing sth . 但要注意与stop doing sth 的区别 eg. We had to stop singing because somebody knocked at the door. 另外，end up with 以结束 The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。 7. 在3a中，出现了大量的动名词。我们有必要了解动名词的结构及用法，动名词即动词的ing形式，相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。 eg. （1）I think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of learning. doing 为动名词短语，做从句中的主语，而listening 做定语，修饰practice. （2）Im enjoying learning English . （动名词短语做宾语） （3）Seeing is believing 眼见为实（Seeing 做主语，believing 做表语）（七）3a in Section B 疑难解析 1. First of all , it wasnt easy for me to understand the teacher. 首先，对我而言，听懂老师的话并不容易。 first of all 首先 It is (was) for sb to do sth . 在这个句型中，不定式做真正的主语，it是形式主语。 2. 一些词组 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 take notes 记笔记 enjoy doing sth 乐意做某事 be impressed 深受感动的 3. 在这篇文章中，出现了许多表示顺序或承接的连词或词组。这些词使全文流畅、生动、层次清晰，条理清楚。在写作中，正确使用连接词，会使文章增色不少，提高档次。在文章中，出现的词有： first of all 首先 to begin with 一开始 later on 后来、随 also 也、而且（用于肯定句） either 也（用于否定句） so 因此 then然后同步达纲练习I. 翻译下列单词或词组 1. 令人沮丧的_2. 背诵、记忆_ 3. 出声地、高声地_4. 发音（v.）_ 5. 解决方法_6. 根本不_ 7. 结束做某事_8. 犯错_ 9. 害怕做某事_10. 说本族语的人_ 11. 笑话某人_12. 做笔记_ 13. 喜欢、乐意做某事_ 14. 组成、构成_II. 连词成句 1. study , How , you , do , for , test a _ ? 2. by study listening to , I , cassettes _. 3. you , do , by , learn , reading , English , aloud _? 4. should , find , you , pen pal a _. 5. cant , a lot of , I , new , words , memorize _III. 将下列方法及理由搭配起来，组成相应的句子 Ways 1. by memorizing the words of pop songs 2. by reading English magazines 3. by using English 4. by studying grammar 5. by watching English movies 6. by joining the English club at school 7. by having conversations with friends Reasons : A. because we can practice more and study English well. B. because the native speakers speak too quickly . C. because it is a great way to learn sentence structures. D. because we can get lots of practice and also have fun . E. because it is the best way to learn new words F. because we get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese G. because it can help us learn new words Model : （1）I think I can study English by listening to English because I love music . （2）I dont think I can study English by getting an English tutor because I will spend too much money . 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _IV. 写作：谈一谈自己学习的情况，包括你遇到的困难，你的解决方法以及未来的学习计划。50字左右My English learning（A） People living in different countries made different kinds of words . Today there are about fifteen hundred languages in the world . Each contains many thousands of words . A very large dictionary , for example , contains four or five hundred thousand words . But we do not need all these . To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words . Before you leave school , you will learn only one thousand or more . The words you know are called your vocabulary . You should try to make your vocabulary bigger . Read as many books as you can . There are a lot of books written in easy English for you to read . You will enjoy them . When you meet a new word , find it in your dictionary . Your dictionary is your most useful book . Training Base （阅读理解练习） 根据短文选择最佳答案： 1. The number of different languages spoken is about _. A. 150B. 15,000 C. 500D. 1,500 2. Before you leave your school , youll learn _. A. only two thousand words B. five hundred thousand words C. more than one thousand words D. three or four thousand words 3. To make your vocabulary bigger , you must _. A. get as many dictionaries as you can B. read as many books as you can C. buy a lot of books D. have a very large English dictionary 4. You will enjoy _. A. the books written in easy English B. your dictionary C. your new words D. finding new words in a dictionary 根据短文翻译下列句子： 5. A very large dictionary , for example , contains four or five hundred thousand words. _ 6. There are a lot of books written in easy English for you to read. _（B）限时阅读 Small children often laugh at the short ones or at someone who isnt dressed as well as they are . But as they grow up , they learn not to hurt peoples feelings by laughing at their problems . They learn to laugh at other things . Most important they learn to laugh at themselves. Suppose （假设）youre playing a game . You make a mistake and lose . Do you become angry ? Or can you laugh at yourself and hope to do better next time ? Suppose you are at a special dinner . You at times spill （溅）some food . Why keep worrying about how clumsy （笨拙）you looked ? Why not laugh it off and enjoy yourself any way ? If you can , its a good sign youve really grown up . Answer the questions（ ）1. This article is mostly about _. A. why laughter is good for your body B. what you should laugh at C. where you may laugh D. who you may laugh（ ）2. The writer says small children laugh at people who _. A. have problemsB. not to be worried C. dress wellD. play games（ ）3. Next the writer shows how laughter could help you _. A. not to spill foodB. not to be worried C. not to enjoy yourselfD. to grow up（ ）4. The most important thing is to learn how to laugh at _. A. jokesB. pictures C. childrenD. yourself（ ）5. The writer shows how laughter could help you not to _. A. make a mistakeB. lose game C. become angryD. try again参考答案:I. 1. frustrating2. memorize3. aloud 4. pronounce5. solution6. not at all 7. end up doing sth 8. make mistakes 9. be afraid to 10. native speaker 11. laugh at sb 12. take notes 13. enjoy doing sth 14. make up II. 1. How do you study for a test ? 2. I study by listening to cassettes . 3. Do you learn English by reading aloud ? 4. You should find a pepal . 5. I cant memorize a lot of new words. （答案不唯一）III. 1. I think I can study English by memorizing the words of pop songs because it is the best way to learn new words. 2. I think I can study English by reading English magazines because it can help us learn new words . 3. I think I can study by using English because we can practice more and study English well . 4. I think I can study by studying grammar because it is a great way to learn sentence structures. 5. I dont think I can learn English by watching English movies because the native speakers speak too quickly . 6. I dont think I can study English by having conversations with friends because we get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese. 7. I think I can learn English by joining the English club at school because we can get lots of practice and also have fun . IV. 略V. 阅读 A. 1. D2. C3. B4. A 5. 比如，一本大字典包含40万到50万个单词 6. 有大量的简易英语读物，你可以阅读。 B. 1. D2. A3. B4. D5. C宾语从句常见考点分析在复合句中作及物动词、介词或者形容词的宾语的句子称为宾语从句。中考题经常从宾语从句的引导词、语序、时态以及直接引语变间接引语等方面进行考查。一 宾语从句的引导词（一）语法链接1.当宾语从句是由陈述句变来时，引导词要用that，that无意义，在非正式文体中常省略。如：He says (that) he will go skating tomorrow. 他说明天他要去滑冰。2.当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变来时，引导词要用if/whether“是否”。如： Linda asked me if/whether I had a great time yesterday. 琳达问我昨天过得是否愉快。3.当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变来时，要用原来的疑问代词或疑问副词作引导词。如：I dont know when well leave. 我不知道我们什么时候离开。4. 宾语从句在介词之后，或者与or not 连用时，通常用whether不用if。如： Theyre talking about whether they will join the club. 他们正在讨论是否要加入这个俱乐部。He asked the teacher whether she should do to the museum by bike or not. 她问老师是否要骑自行车去博物馆。（二）中考题例析He asked me _ we could go to Beijing to watch the game by plane.（2008陕西）A. that B. if C. how D. what此题专门考查了宾语从句的引导词的使用，根据主句可以推出宾语从句表达的是不确定的语气，所以排除选项A；宾语从句中没有缺少与how和what相对应的句子成分，从而排除选项C和D，故本题应选B。二 宾语从句的语序（一）语法链接宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序，即：引导词+主语+谓语+其它或者是引导词（作宾语从句的主语）+谓语+其它。如： I wonder when he will come back? 我想知道他什么时候回来？ Do you know who invented the computer? 你知道谁发明的电脑吗？（二）中考题例析Do you know _? Sorry, I dont know. （2008湖北武汉） A. where does Jimmy work B. where Jimmy works C. how does Jimmy go to work D. what does Jimmy do宾语从句用的是陈述句语序，而选项A、C、D用的是疑问句语序而不是陈述句语序，所以该题的正确答案应为B。三 宾语从句的时态（一）相关语法链接1.当主句是一般现在时时，后面的宾语从句应根据实际使用合适的时态。如：I know they had a great time last Sunday. 我知道他们上周过得很愉快。I hope they will have a great time next week. 我希望他们下周过得愉快。2.当主句是一般过去时时，后面的宾语从句要用过去的某一时态。如： He said he had left his backpack at home. 他说他把书包忘在家里了。3.当宾语从句表示的是普遍真理时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如： The teacher told his children the moon travels around the earth. 老师告诉他的学生月亮围着地球转。（二）中考题例析Do you know _ for Shanghai last night? At 9:00. （2008北京）A. what time he leaves B. what time does he leave C. what time he left D. what time did he leave 根据宾语从句的语序应该是陈述句语序，可以排除选项B和D，从时间状语last night可以推断宾语从句应该使用一般过去时，所以排除选项A，故本题的正确答案是C。四 宾语从句与直接引语变间接引语（一）相关语法链接直接引语变间接引语总体上属于宾语从句的范畴，直接引语是引用别人的原话，间接引语是转述别人的话，直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的变化规则基本一致，除了应该注意宾语从句的引导词、时态、语序三大方面外，还要特别注意人称、时间、地点等的变化。如：1. “What subject do you like best?” Mr. Wang asked Bill. (改为间接宾语) Mr. Wang asked Bill what subject he liked best. (直接宾语的人称代词you在间接宾语中变为he) 2. He said to me, “Im going to play tennis tomorrow.” (改为间接宾语) He told me that he was going to play tennis the next day. (直接宾语的人称代词I在间接宾语中变为he，时间状语由原来的tomorrow变为the next day)（二）中考题例析A: He said, “Are you interested in English?”（改为同义句）B: He asked me _ I _ interested in English. (2008湖北孝感)本题考查的是直接引语变间接引语，即把A句的直接引语变为B句的间接引语，它与宾语从句的变化基本相同，第一个空应为引导词if或whether，B句的主句是一般过去时，间接宾语（宾语从句）的主语与主句相适应变为I，所以第二个空应填was。五 中考题闯关1. I think its going to be a problem.Yes, it could be. I wonder_ we can do about it. (2008湖北十堰 ) A. what B. howC. if D. that 2. Can you tell me ? （2008天津） Yesterday. A. when did he buy the carB. where did he buy the car C. when he bought the car D. where he bought the car3. May I come in? Im sorry I am late.Come in, please. But could you please tell me_? (2008河南)A. why you are late again B. what were you doing thenC. who you talked with D. how do you come to school4. What did the woman ask just now ? She asked _.（2008河北涿鹿）A. who was I waiting for B. where I live C. how she can get to the post office D. whether she could help to find the post office5.“Are you going to watch the football match next Sunday?”Father asked me. (改为复合句)Father asked me _ _