阳江-初中英语知识点--被动语态.doc

阳江-初中英语知识点第六第八章：被动语态. 课标考点解析1. 动词语态要求掌握A. 初中被动语态的基本构成。（只有及物动词才有被动形式）B. 被动语态主要的使用场合。C. 主动语态变被动语态的步骤。D. 中考中经常出现的被动语态。E. 带有双宾的主动语态变为被动语态。F. 主动语态中有些动词，如make, see, hear, watch, notice等后面跟不带to的动词不定式，但为被动语态时要加to。注意：动词的语态是表示句子主语与谓语动词之间关系的一种动词形式。英语中的动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态是中考中的必考内容之一，其考查的重点主要是一般现在时，一般过去时，和含有情态动词的被动语态及主动语态变成被动语态的步骤等。2. 中考命题方向A. 试题的热点：被动语态是中考试题中的重点内容。从近几年的命题趋势看，考题多集中一般现在时，一般过去时，和含有情态动词的被动语态及主动语态变成被动语态的步骤等。B. 试题的特点：中考所占分数较少，一般为5分-8分。题型多为填空题，单项选择题，作文题和看图填词题。C. 试题走向：它命题的趋势是在词汇题及完形填空中考查以上各类被动语态的基本用法。3. 考试策略点拨A. 根据上下文的语境来理解词汇，还有完形填空中的动词语态的运用。B. 对于动词语态的考查几乎是历年的常考题，所以考生一定要弄清楚被动语态的主要使用场合，主动语态变被动语态的步骤及中考中经常出现的被动语态。C. 动词语态的灵活运用，灵活掌握主动语态句中含有直接宾语和间接宾语在变为被动语态时的方法、D. 注意动词语态的几种特殊用法。（二）中考试题考动词语态知识演练1. When and where to build the new school _.12A. isnt decidedB. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. havent decided2. -This dish tastes_- Thank you. It _ by Mr. Smith.A. good; was cookedB. well; cooksC. good; is cookedD. terrible; cooked3. The 30th Olympic Games _in London in 2012.A. will holdB. be heldC. will be heldD. hold4. It is a rule I n our school that the classroom _every day.A. should cleanB. should cleanedC. should be cleanedD. should be cleaning5. A lot of buildings _in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set upB. have been set upC. were set upD. set up6. The war _in 1941.A. broke outB. had been broken outC. was broken outD. had broken out7. They _ day and night.A. are made to workB. are made to workC. made to be workedD. are making to work8. Your exercise books _after class.A. will hand inB. must hand inC. handed inD. must be handed in（三）考点解析和习题检测二：考点解析1 常考的几种被动语态（只有及物动词才有被动形式）A. 一般现在时：am/is/are +p.p Eg: English is widely used.B. 一般过去时：was/were+p.p Eg: The thief was arrested yesterday.C. 一般将来时：will +be+p.p Eg：The sports meeting will be held in our school next week.D. 现在进行时：am/is/are+being+p.p Eg: This novel is being written now.E. 过去进行时：was/were+being+p.p Eg: The clothes was being washed at 9 yesterday evening.F. 现在完成时：have/has+been+p.pEg：This project has been completed for two days.G. 过去完成时：had+been+p.p Eg：This work had been finished before we got there.H. 情态动词：情态动词be+p.p Eg: The house should be cleaned immediately.典型例题：1. Many trees and flowers _ in our school last year, and they made our school a beautiful garden.A. plantB. plantedC. have plantedD. were planted.解析：D。由句意知：last year是去年的意思。是过去时态最为明显的时间状语。故用一般过去时态的被动语态。Was/were+p.p的形式。因主语是many trees and flowers, 是复数形式。故选用答案D。2. Today, the forests have almost gone. People must _down too many trees.A. stop to cutB. stop from cuttingC. be kept cuttingD. be stopped from cutting解析: D. 由此可知， 考查的是情态动词的被动语态。（情态动词be+p.p）。 句意：必须阻止人们砍倒很多树。词组：stop sb from doing sth.3. Great changes_ in the past ten years in China.A. took placeB. have taken placeC. were taking placeD. had taken place解析：B。句意：中国在过去十年里发生了很大的变化。Take place 表发生之意。不能用于被动语态中。In the last/past ten years, 常用现在完成时。4English _in many countries.A. is speakingB. is spokenC. has spokenD. was spoken解析：B。句意：许多国家都说英语。表示一种客观存在的事实，常用一般现在时。根据意思，用一般现在时态的被动语态，故选B。习题操练1. 我们城市里建了许多新楼房。_2. 这台电视机是在上海制造的。_3. 那位受伤的人已经 送进了医院。_4. 你的家庭作业应该及时完成。_5. 今天晚上我们班将举行大型的毕业晚会。_6. 山顶上应该种植许多树木。_7. 刀是用来切东西的。_8. 在去年年底，这种款式的电脑已经生产出来_Part two: 句型转换1. That boy saw the thief break into the teachers house._2. The doctors are operating on the sick man._3. The students have learned thousands o f English words._4. They built a stadium in our city in 1990._5. The boss made the boy work long hours a day._6. They have told this news to their father for a long time._Part three:选择题1.The reading room _ yesterday afternoon.A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned2.The workers were made _ ten hours a day.A. work B. to work C. working D. worked3.Food _ in a cool place in summer.A. must keep B. mustnt keep C. must be kept D. mustnt be kept4.His father _ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago.A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent5.The pen _ well.A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing6.Great changes _ in the town since 1988.A. have taken place B. have been taken placeC. has taken place D. has been taken place7.Our compositions must _ next Monday.A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in8.The child will _ back to his parents next month.A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending9._ his work _ yet?A. havebeen finished B. has been finishedC. has finished D. havefinished10.The classroom _ nowA. is cleaning B. is being cleaningC. is being cleaned D. is cleanedPart four: 用所给动词的正确形式进行填空1. English _ (speak) in many countries.2. Information in short-term memory _ (can, not, keep) very long.3. After that, one of the lights _ (turn off) and the rat had to wait for a short time.4. Just a few years ago, tomatoes _ (believe) to have magical powers, making people who ate them fall in love.5. It is said new copies of the book _ (print) now.6. The old house _ (pull) down next month.7. In the old days, the children _ (take care of) by the mother because she did not work outside the house.8. Needless to say, the second list of words _ (can, remember) more easily than the first one.9. She _ (send) to another village when I got there.10. The teacher said that we _ (give) another chance some time next month if we failed in the exam.2. 带双宾的被动语态如果一个主动语态的句中含有直接宾语和间接宾语时，应在变为被动语态时，有两种转换方法:A. 将表示人的间接宾语转换为被动语态的主语，而表示物的直接宾语位置不发生改变。Eg: He gave me a book I was given a book.B. 将表示物的直接宾语转换为被动语态的主语，而原间接宾语前要加介词to或for.Eg: My grandparents bought me a computer A computer was bought for me.注意：动词后加to的有：give, show, send, bring, pass, lend, tell 等 动词后加for的有：buy, sing, make, do, get 等。习题操练A. The conductor will show me a ticket._B. My parents always send me to go to school._C. Excuse me, can you lend me your bike for a while?_D. My grandpa told me a very interesting story yesterday night._E. She showed me a book just now._F. 我朋友给我买了一条裤子，作为我的生日礼物。_3. 省略to的动词不定式的被动语态。感观动词：hear, watch, see, feel, notice, listen to使役动词：let/have/make/get/help这些词的后面宾语补足语是动词不定式时，主动语态中要用不带to的动词不定式。即省略动词不定式。但当这样的主动语态变为被动语态时， 必须把省略的动词不定式to补出来。典型例题：1. My father made this barber cut my hair.(改为被动语态) This barber was made to cut my hair.,解析：was made to. 在变被动语态中，省略的动词不定式to应补出。2We heard him sing Peking Opera last Sunday.(变被动语态)He was heard to sing Peking Opera last Sunday.解析：感观动词see, watch, hear, notice等词在主动句中常跟不带to的动词不定式的形式。但是在变被动语态时，要将省略的动词不定式加上。习题操练：1. 老板让员工一天为他工作16小时。_2. 我们经常听见他在隔壁唱歌。_3. 我已经找人把我的衣服洗了。_4. Jane 刚刚看见Lucy 在操场上踢足球。_5. 我看见他们打扫教室了。_6. 他父母亲总是让他呆在家里。_4. 主动形式被动意义。A. 连系动词的主动结构表被动。（smell, taste, feel, sound等）Eg: The flower smells good.B. 动词不定式做宾语时， 常用主动表被动。Eg: I have a lot of homework to do.C. happen/take place/break out/belong to等，没有被动语态形式，直接表示主动意义。Eg: A car accident took place last night.D. need/want/deserve后用doing的形式。用主动形式表示被动意义。Eg: The car needs repairing.典型例题：1. These dumplings _ delicious.A. are tastedB. are tastingC. tastesD. taste解析：D。 连系动词的主动结构就表示被动意义。主语，these dumplings为复数形式，故用D。2. The house needs _（redecorate）解析：redecorating。Need/want/deserve/worth等词， 通常在后面用动名词形式，以主动结构表示被动含义。5. 特殊句子的被动语态结构A. 主动语态中若有名词，形容词做宾语补足语，变被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语位置不变，但句子成分变了，即变成了主语补足语。Eg: We are trying our school more beautiful.Our school is being made beautiful by us.B. 许多不及物动词加介词或副词后构成动词短语，相当于及物动词，在变被动语态时，不可把动词短语分开。也不可漏掉动词短语中的介词或副词。Eg: He should take good care of his sister. His sister should be taken good care of.C. 含that宾语从句的主动语态复合句变为被动语态时 ，通常使用it+be+said+原宾语从句“结构。如:Eg: The teacher said that the earth is round.It is said that the earth is round.典型例题：The children_by the nurse.A were lookedB looked afterC were looked afterD looked解析：C。 look after是个短语。表示“照顾”。变被动语态时，不可把动词短语分开。同时也不可漏掉动词短语中的介词或副词。（四）课后总复习练习中考备考演练Part one: 将下列句子改为被动语态，并根据情况保留或去掉动作的执行者1. They will say nothing more about this matter._2. They have made some flowers of silk._3. He wrote a poem._4. The students are planting some trees and flowers._5. They are to open up a new business next week._6. Children couldnt have done all this damage._7. All of us will see him off at the airport._8. They feed the tigers at the zoo three times a day._9. You must hand in your homework before five._10.People say that she is a good teacher._Part two: 将下列空格补充完整1. People speak English in many countries. English _ _ _ _in many countries.2. We built this bridge last year. This bridge _ _ _ _ last year.3. The tiger in the zoo frightened the little girl. The girl _ _ by the tiger in the zoo.4. Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party. You _ _ _ _ _ _ to a lunch party.5. You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room. These magazines _ _ _ _ _ the reading-room.6. We shall discuss the problem at tomorrows meeting. The problem _ _ _ by us at tomorrow.Part three:将下列的句子变成被动语态，并翻译成中文。10.They are repairing the car in the garage._11.Someone must have turned on the light without your notice._12.They have found ways to make waste water clean._13.Someone must take care of the children when we go out._14.They wont hold the meeting until next Friday._15.They gave him a medal for his wonderful work._16.The doctor will ask the patient some questions before he gives hermedicine._17.They made the young man head of the volleyball team._18.Someone will tell you how to prepare for the examination._19.They criticized me for something wrong that I had done._20.Someone has taken the stranger to another hospital._Part four:选择题21. I promise that matter will _.A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of 22. No permission has _ for anybody to enter the building.A. been given B. given C. to give D. be given23. I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given24. Can such a thing _ happening again?A. prevent from B. prevented from C. be prevented from D. to prevent from25. A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building26. This bike _ last year.A. bought B. has been bought C. was bought D. had been bought27. Did you see the house that _ by fire last year?A. was destroying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed28. It _ whether she will get her work in the hospital.A. hasnt been decided B. isnt deciding C. doesnt decide D. hasnt decided29. The pen _ me. It is hers.A. isnt belong to B. wasnt belong to C. doesnt belong to D. didnt belong to 30. I cant use my bike because it _.A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. will repair D. was repairing31. The chairman told the speaker that she _ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _.A. was expected; heard B. had expected; hear C. had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard32- The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed34.How long _ at this job? Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D .will you be employed35.What happened to the priceless works of art? _. A. They were destroyed in the earthquake B. The earthquake was destroying themC. They destroyed in the earthquakeD. The earthquake destroyed them36. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 37. Rainforests _and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut38. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A. s changing B. has changed .will have changed D. will change 39. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose40. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month.A. will be built B. is builtC. has been built D. is being builtPart five: 用所给的单词填空1The boy is happy because he _(sell) out all the newspapers.2The plan _(give) up because of rain.3If it _(not rain) tomorrow, we _(go )fishing.4Where _ you _(be) these days?5Where is Tom? He _(go) to the post