人教新课标高中英语必修三Unit 4 Astronomy_ the science of the starsUnit 4 Astronomy_ the science of the stars习题.doc

Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars【热点话题】science and modern technology(科普知识与现代技术)知识与人类文明体裁：说明文写作思路：科技的发展对人类文明的贡献学习知识的重要性【美文诵读】Human civilization is_mainly_attributed_to the achievements of science and technology.With_the_broadening_of_human_knowledge we know more and more about the world we are living in.Human beings use their knowledge to change the environment，utilize the natural resources，and create a fine world which is suitable for mankind.As college students，we should learn as many kinds of knowledge as possible during our stay at the university.Without sufficient knowledge，we cant_meet_the_future_needs and cant be what_we_are_expected_to_be. We are_required_to_do as much as we can to improve human life and society as well.【学海拾贝】按要求完成或翻译下列句子。1人类文明是科技发展的结果。Human civilization is_attributed_to the development of science and technology.2随着经济的发展，中国在世界上起着越来越重要的作用。With_the_development_of_economy，China is playing a more and more important role in the world.3我们必须拓宽这座桥以满足将来的需要。We must broaden the bridge to meet_the_future_needs4他辜负了大家的期待。He didnt become what_he_was_expected_to_be5人们要求青年尽可能多地掌握知识。Young people are_required_to learn as much as they can.按要求写出下列单词1大气层 natmosphere2人造卫星 nsatellite3不同，不像 prep.unlike4气候 nclimate5地心引力，重力 ngravity6理论 ntheory7碰撞，坠落 vcrash8宇宙飞船 nspaceship9链子，锁链 nchain10碳 ncarbon11暴力的，猛烈的 adj.violent暴力 nviolence暴力地，猛烈地 adv.violently12生存 vexist生存 nexistence13伤害，损害 n& vharm有害的 adj.harmful 无害的 adj.harmless14生物学 nbiology生物学家 nbiologist15宗教 nreligion宗教的 adj.religious用所给单词的适当形式填空。1The treatment they gave him did him more harm than good，though the doctor insisted it was harmless(harm)2Air exists everywhere and its existence makes it possible for us to live on.(exist)3He is very systematicFor example，the lifting device he made is a system of ropes and pulleys.(system)4A global tour means travelling all around the globe(globe)5The use of violence against the attackers led to more violent clashes.(violently).翻译下列短语1及时；终于in_time2下蛋lay_eggs3高兴；振奋cheer_up4轮流；逐个in_turn5爆发break_out6阻止prevent.from7既然 now_that8以为起点 begin_with9四面八方 in_all_directions10冷却cool_down选用上述短语完成下列短文。Jacks interest in animals (1) began_with a common but interesting phenomenon.One day he saw a dog (2) gave_birth_to a litter of puppies.He (3) cheered for the birth of the puppies but wondered why dogs didnt (4) lay_eggs like hens before they brought life to the world.His interest made him a famous zoologist.重点句型1This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to begin to develop.(p.26)这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。主语动词it形容词/名词不定式/从句或动名词，it作形式宾语，不定式或从句作真正宾语。The present situation makes_it_difficult_for_us_to_accomplish the task on time.目前的情况使我们很难按时完成任务。模仿造句用上述句型完成下列句子。(1)因特网使我们有可能用很短的时间获知世界上发生的所有的事。The Internet has made_it_possible_for_us_to_get_to_know what happens around the world in much less time.(2)这本字典使我学习英语容易多了。The dictionary makes_it_much_easier_for_me_to_learn English.(3)这座桥使我们很方便过河。The_bridge_made_it_quite_convenient_for_us_to_cross_the_river.2So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.(p.26)所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。whether.depends on whether.是否取决于是否Whether we will have a picnic depends on whether it is fine tomorrow.我们明天是否进行野炊取决于明天是否天晴。模仿造句用上述句型完成下列句子。(1)我们是否进行考试取决于我们是否按时完成了任务。Whether_we_will_have_an_examination depends on whether we will finish the task on time.(2)我是否嫁给他取决于他是否爱我。Whether_I_will_marry_him_depends_on_whether_he_loves_me.3But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(p.31)而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。倍数的表达方式：“A倍数as形容词或副词的原级asB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。“A倍数形容词或副词的比较级thanB”。表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。“A倍数the size/height/length/width，etc.ofB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。This river is three times longer than that one.This river is four times as long as that one.This river is four times the length of that one.这条河比那条河长三倍。(这条河的长度是那条河的四倍。)模仿造句请用三种方法翻译下列句子。我的房间是你房间的三倍大。(1)My_room_is_three_times_as_large_as_yours.(2)My_room_is_twice_larger_than_yours.(3)My_room_is_three_times_the_size_of_yours.用上述句型翻译下列小片段。当我们听说我们生产的水稻是上一年的两倍时，我们都高兴得跳起来。我们知道，是每个人的努力工作才使得我们能生产这么多水稻。我们也知道，来年能否做得更好取决于我们是否继续努力。When_we_heard_that_we_produced_twice_as_much_rice_as_we_did_the_year_before，we_were_so_glad_that_we_jumped_with_great_joy.We_knew_that_it_was_everybodys_hard_work_that_made_it_possible_for_us_to_produce_so_much_rice.We_also_knew_whether_we_could_do_better_in_the_coming_year_depended_on_whether_we_would_keep_on_trying_our_best. 阅读理解解题技巧扫读指的是在阅读过程中只迅速浏览文章每段的大意，以获取对文章的总体把握。扫读的方法有：读文章的标题和副标题；读文章简介或文章的第一段；读每段的首、尾句；关注文中所附图片、图表；注意斜体字和黑体字；读文章最后的小结。如：请阅读下面短文，特别关注每段的首句。Before you start reading anything，ask yourself why youre reading it.What do you want to know after youve read it?Once you know your purpose，you can examine the resource to see whether its going to help you.For example，with a book，an easy way of doing this is to look at the introduction and the chapter headings.The introduction should let you know who the book is intended for，and what it covers.Chapter headings will give you an overall view of the structure of the subject.Ask yourself whether the resource meets your needs，and try to work out if it will give you the right amount of knowledge.If you think that the resource isnt ideal，dont waste time reading it.Remember that this also applies to content that you subscribe to，such as journals or magazinesdont be afraid to prune these resources if you are not getting value from some publishers.1现在重读一遍上文，这次只读每段的第一句。2请读下面的四句话：Before you start reading anything，ask yourself why youre reading it.Once you know your purpose，you can examine the resource to see whether its going to help you.Ask yourself whether the resource meets your needs，and try to work out if it will give you the right amount of knowledge.Remember that this also applies to content that you subscribe to，such as.其实，只需要读这四句话(每个段落的第一句)，你就已经知道了本文的大意。阅读下列这些段落，找出每段的主题句或中心思想。1There_are_different_styles_of_reading_for_different_situationsThe technique you choose will depend on the purpose of reading.For example，you might be reading for enjoyment，information or completing a task.You need to adjust your reading speed and technique depending on your purpose.2Skimming_is_used_to_quickly_identify_the_main_idea_of_a_text.When you read the newspaper，youre probably not reading it word by word，instead youre scanning the text.Skimming is done at a speed three to four times faster than normal reading.People often skim when they have lots of material to read in a limited amount of time.Use skimming when you want to see if an article may be of interest to you.3There_are_many_strategies_that_can_be_used_when_skimming.Consider reading the first sentence of each paragraph.This technique is useful when youre seeking specific information rather than reading for comprehension.Skimming works well to find dates，names and places.It might be used to review graphs，tables and charts.寻读(scanning)是一种“定位式”阅读。在阅读过程中，读者带着特定的目的，迅速“跳跃式”阅读，了解与特定信息相关的内容。常用的寻读方法有：确定你要找到的特定信息；预测特定信息可能出现的特定区域；寻找与特定信息有关的线索；借助小标题定位特定信息所在的区域，有选择地跳读全文。建议：要想提高阅读理解答题准确率，同学们最好先扫读(skimming)，再带着特定问题寻读(scanning)特定信息。请阅读下面短文，并用寻读的方式做后面的练习。The biggest protests Brazil has seen for decades are taking place in its streets.Many of them are happening outside the soccer stadiums. Brazil is currently hosting the confederation cupa FIFA World Cup test event. While Brazils team beat Mexico 20 on Tuesday night, thousands of protesters were in protesting around Brazil at the same time. They are unhappy with many things about life in the country.They protest started last week in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paolo because of an increase in bus fares.They soon spread across the country. People are also angry about the cost of the 2014 World Cup，poor public services and corruption.Protests across the country are getting bigger and bigger. The police are taking tougher actions to control the crowds. Police use rubber bullets，tear gas and beatings, which have made the people angrier.Many of the protesters want the government to spend more money on health and education and less on the World Cup.1How big are the protests?ABigger than some, smaller than most.BAveraged sized.CThe biggest in decades.DThe biggest in 2013.2What kind of bullets are the police using?ASteelBRubberCPlastic DSilver3What do people want more spending on?AEnvironmently friendly projectsBRoads and bridgesCSportsDEducation and health答案：13CBD第一节阅读理解阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。A(2015天津卷)One day when I was 12，my mother gave me an order：I was to walk to the public library，and borrow at least one book for the summer.This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange probleminability to read.In the library，I found my way into the“Childrens Room”I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle.the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.He was my secret sharer，but one morning，he was gone，given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him.I never forgot my beagle.There on the books cover was a beagle which looked identical(相同的) to my dog.I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover.My eyes ran across the title，Amos，the Beagle with a Plan.Unknowingly，I had read the title.Without opening the book，I borrowed it from the library for the summer.Under the shade of a bush，I started to read about Amos.I read very，very slowly with difficulty.Though pages were turned slowly，I got the main idea of the story about a dog who，like mine，had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home.That dog was my dog，and I was the little boy in the book.At the end of the story，my mind continued the final scene of reunion，on and on，until my own lost dog and I were，in my mind，running together.My mothers call returned me to the real world.I suddenly realized something：I had read a book，and I had loved reading that book.Everyone knew I could not read.But I had read it.Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.I never told my mother about my“miraculous(奇迹般的)”experience that summer，but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.And years later，she was proud that her son had read thousands of books，was awarded a PhD in literature，and authored his own books，articles，poetry and fiction.The power of the words has held.1The authors mother told him to borrow a book in order to_Aencourage him to do more walkingBlet him spend a meaningful summerChelp cure him of his reading problemDmake him learn more about weapons2Why could the author manage to read the book through?AHe was forced by his mother to read it.BHe identified with the story in the book.CThe book told the story of his pet dog.DThe happy ending of the story attracted him.3What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AThe author has become a successful writer.BThe authors mother read the same book.CThe authors mother rewarded him with books.DThe author has had happy summers ever since.4Which one could be the best title of the passage?AThe Charm of a BookBMums Strict OrderCReunion with My BeagleDMy Passion for Reading语篇解读：本文为记叙文，题材为人物故事类。12岁时，作者的妈妈为了解决作者不能阅读的问题，要求作者那年夏天去图书馆至少借一本书。但就是这次图书馆之行改变了作者，之后作者读书越来越多，成绩越来越好，多年后取得了让妈妈感到骄傲的成就。1解析：事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者的妈妈让作者去图书馆至少借一本书，这是她解决作者阅读问题的武器，故C项正确。答案：C2解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，作者读了这本书，因为他认为书中讲到的故事和自己的经历相似，他认为书中的小猎兔狗就是他自已养过的那只小猎兔狗，想象着和它重逢的场面。由此可判断出作者能把这本书看完，就是因为他和书中的故事产生了共鸣。答案：B3解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“.was awarded a PhD in literature，and authored his own books，articles，poetry and fiction.”可知，作者被授予文学博士学位，写了很多自己的书、文章、诗歌以及小说，故A项“他成为了一名成功的作家”正确。答案：A4解析：主旨大意题。通过作者的经历可以得知，一本封面上有小猎兔狗的书改变了他的一生，故A项“一本书的魅力”符合文章大意。答案：AB(2015课标全国卷)Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less selfconscious(难为情) when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesnt have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when its time to repaint, go blue.Dont forget the clockor the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories (卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while youre at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass.5The text is especially helpful for those who care about_.Atheir home comforts Btheir body shapeChouse buying Dhealthy diets6A home environment in blue can help people_Adigest food better Breduce food intakeCburn more calories Dregain their appetites7What are people advised to do at mealtimes? AEat quickly. BPlay fast music. CUse smaller spoons. DTurn down the lights.8What can be a suitable title for the text? AIs Your House Making You Fat? BWays of Serving Dinner CEffects of SelfConsciousness DIs Your Home Environment Relaxing?语篇解读：本文主要介绍了几种通过改变屋内环境进行饮食调节的方法。5解析：事实细节题。根据文章第一句和第二句可知，本文的阅读对象主要是那些关心自己体形的人。故选B项。答案：B6解析：事实细节题。根据文章第三段第三句话可知，研究发现人在蓝色房间里比在黄色或红色房间里吃饭时少摄入33%的食物。故选B。答案：B7解析：事实细节题。根据文章最后一段第四句话可知，我们使用大的汤匙时摄入食物的总量比使用小的汤匙时摄入食物的总量多14%。故选C。答案：C8解析：主旨大意题。整篇文章主要介绍了几种通过改变屋内环境与设施进行饮食调节的方法。故选A。答案：A第二节完形填空阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从120题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。When I worked at an elementary school，children often came up to me for a hug.One day I _1_ a little girl leaning against the building.She was so _2_ that when I looked at her，she would look down.I made a point of smiling at her every day and _3_ I won her trust.On the last day of school she gave me a _4_There was a small chip(小缺口) on the right ear of the glass dog.I transferred to another school the next year，_5_ I never saw Amelia again.Several years later I moved away to another district.I didnt notice the glass dog was _6_ until I finished unpacking.Thereafter，I kept trying every means to _7_ it.A few years later，on my way out of town to attend a _8_，I stopped at a small antique shop.I described it to the _9_ and asked if she had ever seen one like that.She told me she had seen something _10_ in a box. When I held it，_11_ filled my eyes.When I looked more _12_I saw a small chip on the right ear.I knew it was the glass dog that Amelia had given me.Traffic was _13_，so I arrived at the lecture hall early.I talked with a young woman and _14_ we both had once lived in the same _15_I told her about the glass dog and _16_ it to her.She picked it up and cried，“I was that little girl.”_17_，I looked into her dark eyes and recognized her.She recalled that time in her _18_“I had a hard time _19_ to school and learning English when I came here from Mexico.You were the first person at school who made me feel _20_”1A.rescued BnoticedCrequired Dcontacted2A.shy BcheerfulCcalm Dpainful3A.merely BrecentlyChardly Deventually4A.promise BpresentCposter Dpermit5A.so BbecauseCbut Dbefore6A.broken BrareCmissing Dprecious7A.design BprotectCrepair Dfind8A.lecture BfuneralCconcert Dmeeting9A.educator BsalesmanCdoctor Demployer10A.creative BclassicalCfamiliar Dsimilar11A.tears BdustCstars Dsweat12A.casually BpolitelyCclosely Dquickly13A.light BfrequentCtough Dheavy14. Adecided BensuredCannounced D. discovered15. Ahotel Barea Cschool Dcountry16A.sent BreturnedCshowed Dthrew17A.Fortunately BExcitedlyCDisappointedl