高三英语高分NMET书面表达技巧课件.ppt

书面表达训练技巧 写作基础三大要素 1 基础环节 1 句型构架 2 错误分析 3 基础过渡性训练 2 行文方法指导 1 文法基本常识 2 文体的种类 3 范文指导 4 连贯性表达 3 练习环节 1 高考例题点评 2 学生习作点评 3 书面表达练习习作练习短文改错改写练习润色练习 养成良好的写作习惯一 书写规范 卷面整洁 写作质量指内容和书面形式 不可或缺 二 审清题目 提炼要点 如 叙述故事包括 时间 地点 人物 事件 起因 背景 发展和结局等 三 组词造句 组句成篇四 仔细检查 认真修改 书面表达方法与步骤方法 1 常用词汇储备 从基本词汇和应用入手 牢记并能使用核心词 主动词汇1000 1500左右 2 适当背一些合适的范文 如新概念上的小文 高考参考答案等 主要是背常用的句型和短语词组 3 组织文体结构注意层次有序 正确完整有逻辑性 4 加强连贯表达基本功的训练 特别注意使用过渡词语和逻辑关联词 5 注意支撑句段要紧扣主题 步骤 1 拟基本点 找出5 6个动词或搭配 进入基本点 2 连词成句 给出时间 地点 人称等 3 连句成文 组句搭架 打好草稿 4 润色 如简单句可变成复合句 改变句型 是句子丰满起来 作到连贯流畅有可能加分加档 5 检查完善 有40分钟时间查拼写 用词 事态 连词 标点 内容等 4 润色 改变句型 如 简单句可变成复合句 让句子丰满起来 使用新颖词汇或搭配 让句子连贯活泼流畅 5 检查完善 查拼写 用词 时态 连词 标点 内容等 掌握写作规范技巧一 写对格式 不同文体要求规范二 写好三部分 开头 中间 结尾三 规范三写 大小写 拼写和书写规范达标四 突破四关 要点全面 语言无误 表达清楚 行文连贯 例题 2002nmet60 的同学认为40 的同学认为1 不应收门票1 应收门票但票价不宜高2 公园是公众休闲的地方2 支付园林工人工资3 如收门票 需建大门3 购买新花木会影响城市形象 1 审题 1 确定文体 写一封信 2 内容要求 介绍讨论的情况 3 讨论主题 公园要不要收门票 4 确定人称 第三人称 5 确定时态 一般现在时 将来时必要时用被动语态 2 提炼要点 1 不收费freeofcharge 2 公众需要休闲场所peopleneedanenjoyableplace 3 建大门 围墙会影响城市形象doharmtothecityappearance 4 低收费bechargedlow 5 支付工资payfor 6 购买新花木buyplantsandyoungtrees 3 紧扣要点 连词成句60 ofthestudentsbelievethatapublicparkshouldbecharged peopleneedaplacewheretheycanrestandenjoythemselves tobuildgatesandwallswilldoharmtotheappearanceofacity 4 40 thinkthatfeesshouldbechargedlow 5 youneedmoneytopaygardenersandworkers 6 youneedtobuyplantsandyoungtrees 4 分清层次 连句成篇 2002nmet deareditor i mwritingtotellyouaboutthediscussionwe vehadaboutwhetheranentrancefeeshouldbechargedforparks opinionsaredividedonthequestion 60 ofthestudentsareagainsttheideaofentrancefees theybelieveapublicparkshouldbefreeofcharge peopleneedaplacewheretheycanrestandenjoythemselves chargingentrancefeeswillnodoubtkeepsomepeopleaway whatismore itwillbecomenecessarytobuildgatesandwalls whichwilldoharmtotheappearanceofacity ontheotherhand 40 thinkthatfeesshouldbechargedbecauseyouneedmoneytopaygardenersandotherworkers andtobuyplantsandyoungtrees theysuggest however feesshouldbechargedlow yourtruly lihua 一 文体高考书面表达的体裁有三种 1 应用文 practicalwriting 应用文包括书信 日记 便条 通知 讲演稿 履历表等 通常应用文都较简短 它有自己的固定格式 有些应用文连措辞都是相对固定的 如 欠条 请柬等 应用文重在应用 力求平实 准确简洁 应用文范文mayihaveattention please ihaveannouncementtomake thestudents unionisgoingtoholdapartyonsaturdayevening august15 towelcomeourfriendsfromtheunitedstates thepartywillbeheldintheroofgardenofthemainbuilding itwillbeginat7 30pm therewillbemusic dancing singing gamesandexchangingofgifts willeverybodypleasebringalongasmallgiftforthispurpose remembertowrapitup signyournameandwriteafewwordsofgoodwishes don tforget 7 30 saturdayevening roofgarden mainbuilding there ssuretobealotoffun everybodyiswelcome 2 说明文 expositorywriting 说明文是用说明的方法以简明的文字介绍事物的形状 性质 构造 变化 成因 结果 功用 特征的文章 写好说明文要抓事物特征 安排好合理的说明顺序 1 时间2 空间3 逻辑4 认识总体结构 1 提出对象2 分析说明3 归纳小结 写说明文要求你作到 1 条理清楚2 层次分明3 语言简洁4 用词准确5 具有严格的科学性 说明文范文 theworldtradeorganization wto foundedonjanuary1 1995 aimstoencourageinternationaltradetoflowasfreelyaspossible makingsurethattradeagreementsarerespectedandthatanydisputescanbesettled inthefiveyearssinceitsfounding thewtohasbecomewell knownasoneoftheworld smostpowerfuleconomicorganizations takingitsplacealongsidetheworldbankandinternationalmonetaryfund thewto withitsheadofficeingeneva has135memberswith30morewaitingtojoin 3 记叙文 narrativeessays 记叙文即 故事 他人的故事或自己的故事 故事最显著的特点是它有情节 而故事的情节由故事的起因 发展 高潮 结局组成 内容包括写作角度及目的 来龙去脉 关键情节等 交代清楚人物 时间 地点 事件等 写记叙文要求你做到 1 按事件发生的先后顺序叙述具体完整 2 记叙文大多按时间顺序叙述 也有倒叙或穿插手法 3 要重点突出 内容完整 条理清楚 详略得当 主次分明 4 记叙文一般记述过去发生的事 多用过去时态写 记叙文范文 mrsmyrawebb whowastoldbydoctorsthatshewouldneverhearagain livedforsixyearsinaworldofsilence butyesterdaysheheardablackbirdsinginthegardenofherhomeatbrighton sussex myhearingiscomingback anditswonderful shesaid mrswebb 26 issaidtobethefirstwomaninbritaintohaveherhearingbroughtbackbyacupuncture theneedletreatmentwidelypracticedinchina aftersixmonths treatmentshecanlistentomusicagain carryonaconversationwiththeaidofahearingaid andshehasgotajobasatypistwiththesoutheasternelectricityboard 4 议论文 persuasive argumentativeessays 提出论点并给出论据支撑 表明观点 1 引论 2 本论 3 结论 议论文范文 stopwastingfood不要浪费食物somepeople seyesarebiggerthantheirstomachs china anditspeople cannowenjoytheresultsofsacrificesmadeoverpastdecades goodfood comfort andbeautyarewell deservedrewards however weallneedtodoourlittlebittoensurewearenotlivingonnaturalresourcesborrowedfrommothernature eventuallywemustrepaythedebt intheevenmorewastefulwest wecallit robbingpetertopaypaul mymotheroftensaid wastenot wantnot itisstillverygoodadvice 二 文法基本知识1 结构完整 句子 篇章 2 主题突出 支撑句 3 语言连贯 文字流畅4 表达准确 达意5 文体规范 2001nmet周末活动 减负前 周末活动 减负后 白天 上课 做作业白天 参观博物馆 学习电脑 绘画等晚上 做作业晚上 看新闻 读书 看报就寝时间 11 30就寝时间 10 00 goodbeginning althoughthereisstillmuchdebateoverwhethertheplanofreducingstudents learningloadshouldbecarriedout ithasindeedbroughtusmanypleasantchanges body taketheweekendlifeforexample onemonthago wejustattendedclassesanddidourhomeworkfrommorningtillnight thatleftusverytired andwehadnotimeatalltodowhatwewanted butnow asaresultoflessburdenofstudies wecandowhateverwelike forinstance duringthedaytimewecanvisitmuseums studycomputerprogramming joinsomeclubsandsoon intheevening wecanwatchtv readbooks ordoanythingwelike ending asfarasiamconcerned istronglyholdthatthisplanshouldbecarriedoutcontinuallynotonlybecauseitgivesusmorespacetodevelopourcriticalthinkingandindependentabilitybutalsobecausewereallyfeelmuchhappierthaneverbefore 2002年北京题英语书面表达例文 limingandistartedoff whenthesunwasrisingfromthehorizon singinghappily wehadcompass camp bread map light matches knife clothes flashlightandfirst aidkitinourbagsandpreparedourmindsforthehardtraining wefirstclimbedamountain thenswamacrossariverwhenourbagsalso swam onapieceofwood afterthat weenteredaforest iwasjustwonderingwhichwasthecorrectwaywhenlimingusedthecompassandshowedmetheway afteralongwalk wefinallyarrivedatthecampsite iwasinchargeofsettingupthecampwhilelimingmadeafireandcookedourdinner believeitornot itwasthemostdeliciousmeali veeverhad 1 要点齐全 内容完整五幅画面六个要点 1 出发limingandistartedoff when 2 背包中的物品wehadcompass camp bread map light matches knife clothes flashlightandfirst aidkitinourbags 3 爬山wefirstclimbedamountain 4 过河 thenswamacrossariver 5 找路iwasjustwonderingwhichwasthecorrectwaywhenlimingusedthecompassandshowedmetheway 6 宿营afteralongwalk wefinallyarrivedatthecampsite iwasinchargeofsettingupthecampwhilelimingmadeafireandcookedourdinner 2 词汇 语法结构变化丰富 1 交叉使用简单句 复合句 并列句 简单句 afterthat weenteredaforest afteralongwalk wefinallyarrivedatthecampsite 复合句 limingandistartedoff whenthesunwasrisingfromthehorizon singinghappily wefirstclimbedamountain thenswamacrossariverwhenourbagsalso swam onapieceofwood 复合句 iwasinchargeofsettingupthecampwhilelimingmadeafireandcookedourdinner believeitornot itwasthemostdeliciousmeali veeverhad 并列句 wehadcompass camp bread map light matches knife clothes flashlightandfirst aidkitinourbagsandpreparedourmindsforthehardtraining 2 交叉使用长句 短句 1 使用各类状语从句 when when while 非谓语动词作状语 singinghappily 宾语从句 wonderingwhichwasthecorrectway 定语从句 themostdeliciousmeali veeverhad 插入语 believeitornot 等复杂结构 2 使用丰富的词汇和词组startoff horizon prepareourmindsfor apieceofwood forest wonder showmetheway arriveat inchargeof setup makeafire believeitornot delicious 3 几乎没有语言错误 4 有效使用了语句连接成分 所以文章的语言连贯 结构紧凑 whenthesunwasrisingfromthehorizon first then afterthat afteralongwalk while 三 语言表达的连贯性1 连贯的标准 流畅1 思路清楚 思维没有跳跃 使读者能跟上作者的思路 2 两个相邻的句子之间逻辑关系清楚 如进一步说明 概括和具体 比较 对照 因果或转折 句子衔接自然 2 衔接的技巧1 使用衔接词或过渡词because but therefore instead themostimportance besides inaddition asaresult 2 保持时态 语态及人称的正确性和一致性 3 在说明一层意思时 主语不随意转换 概括性句子可以例外 如 谈减负问题时前面用的都是主语we 概括时用了 i msohappythesedaysbecausealotofchangeshavetakenplaceinmydailylifesinceourlearningloadwasreduced butnow everythinghasbeenimproved 用适当的连接词语完形填空1peoplehavespreadintheworld theyhavekilledwolves usuallytoprotecttheirownanimals2sheepandcattle 3 thenumberofwolveshasbeengreatlyreduced theyareextinctinmanycountries inbritain 4 wolvesbecameinabout1650 5 thereusedtobemanythousandsofwolvesinamerica nowtherearefewerthan2 000 ifpeoplehadnotcometoamerica wolveswouldnothavedisappeared wheneverpeoplehavespreadintheworld theyhavekilledwolves usuallytoprotecttheirownanimalssuchassheepandcattle asaresult thenumberofwolveshasbeengreatlyreduced theyareextinctinmanycountries inbritain forexample wolvesbecameinabout1650 similarly thereusedtobemanythousandsofwolvesinamerica nowtherearefewerthan2 000 ifpeoplehadnotcometoamerica wolveswouldnothavedisappeared ii 找出连接词语findouttheconnectors thesmithsonianinstitutioninwashington d c hasaddedseveralbuildingstodisplayitsgrowingcollection first workhasbeencompletedonathree levelundergroundmuseumcomplexcalledthecenterofafrican neareastern andasianculture thereisalsoanabovegroundentrancepavilionforthenationalmuseumofafricanart anotherabovegroundentrancepavilionexistsforthealbertm sacklergalleryofneareasternart inadditionacenterofislamicstudiesisunderconstruction theentireproject moreover isbeingfinancednotonlybytheunitedstates butalsobycontributionsfromjapan southkorea saudiarabia andbahrain iii 用表示原因关系的连词填空1 thebusinessmentooktheplaneinsteadofthetraintobeijing theywantedtoconcludethegooddealquickly 2 manystudentscamelate theclasscouldn tbeginontime 3 theadvisordidnotallowthestudentstotaketoefl theydidnotfollowinstructions 4 theheavytraffic johndidn tcatchthetraintoshanghaithismorning 1 thebusinessmentooktheplaneinsteadofthetraintobeijing fortheywantedtoconcludethegooddealquickly 2 asmanystudentscamelate theclasscouldn tbeginontime 3 theadvisordidnotallowthestudentstotaketoeflbecausetheydidnotfollowinstructions 4 duetotheheavytraffic johndidn tcatchthetraintoshanghaithismorning iv 用表示结果关系的连词填空itissaid90 ofthebodyheatgoesoutfromthetopofhead peopleshouldwearhatstokeepwarmoncolddays helistenstoenglishprogramseveryday hislisteningabilityhasbeenimprovedgreatly itissaid90 ofthebodyheatgoesoutfromthetopofhead forthisreason peopleshouldwearhatstokeepwarmoncolddays helistenstoenglishprogramseveryday asaresult hislisteningabilityhasbeenimprovedgreatly 3 heisagooddoctor hehas manypatientswhoaskhimforhelp 4 ofstayinganextraday iwasabletogainsomevaluableinformation 3 heisagooddoctor hehas therefore manypatientswhoaskhimforhelp 4 asaresultofstayinganextraday iwasabletogainmoreinformation v 用表示条件关系的连接词语填空peaceintheworldwillremainonlyadream themajorpowersstopthearmrace susanplanstomarryharry herparentsapproveornot 3 youshouldgetadriver slicenserightaway you llhavetopayafine 4 youbetterleavenow youwillbelate 5 fire leavethebuildingimmediately peaceintheworldwillremainonlyadreamunlessthemajorpowersstopthearmrace susanplanstomarryharrywhetherherparentsapproveornot 3 youshouldgetadriver slicenserightaway oryou llhavetopayafine 4 youbetterleavenow otherwiseyouwillbelate 5 incaseoffire leavethebuildingimmediately 6 theyhadplentytoeatanddrink themenwerehappy 7 hesayshe llacceptthejob thesalaryissatisfactory 8 theydon tknowtheway theywillhavetostopandbuyamap 9 you dbetterbuyalotoffoodfortheparty theguestswillnothaveenoughtoeat 6 aslongastheyhadplentytoeatanddrink themenwerehappy 7 hesayshe llacceptthejobonconditionthatthesalaryissatisfactory 8 intheeventthattheydon tknowtheway theywillhavetostopandbuyamap 9 you dbetterbuyalotoffoodfortheparty theguestswillnothaveenoughtoeat otherwise 3 使用平行结构 指结构基本相同的一排句子 从句或词组 如 everynightforweekstherehadbeenmuchsinging dancingandshouting iwantabikeformyself awashingmachineformymother agoodtemperformyfather andaverylongsickleaveformyteacher 4 增加句子连贯性 2001nmet i msohappythesedaysbecausealotofchangeshavetakenplaceinmydailylifesinceourlearningloadwasreduced beforetheplanofreducingstudents loadwascarriedout wehadtodoalotofhomeworkdayandnight wehadtogotoschoolevenattheweekend wecouldn tgotobeduntil11 30everyday butnow ithasbeenimproved wehavelesshomeworktodo besides wedon thavetogotoclassesattheweekend instead wecanvisitmuseums learntousethecomputerorlearnpaintingpictures atnightwecanspendsometimewatchingtvnewsorreadingnewspapersorourfavoritebooks themostimportant wecangetenoughsleepbecausewecangotobedbefore10 00 ihopewecanenjoysuchalifeforever deareditor i mwritingtotellyouaboutthediscussionwe vehadaboutwhetheranentrancefeeshouldbechargedforparks opinionsaredividedonthequestion 60 ofthestudentsareagainsttheideaofentrancefees theybelieveapublicparkshouldbefreeofcharge peopleneedaplacewheretheycanrestandenjoythemselves chargingentrancefeeswillnodoubtkeepsomepeopleaway whatismore itwillbecomenecessarytobuildgatesandwalls whichwilldoharmtotheappearanceofacity ontheotherhand 40 thinkthatfeesshouldbechargedbecauseyouneedmoneytopaygardenersandotherworkers andtobuyplantsandyoungtrees theysuggest however feesshouldbechargedlow yourtruly lihua 无衔接词welefthomeintheearlymorning wetookalltheusefulthings forexample acompass aknife afirst aidkit aflashlight somefoodandclothesandsoon wehadalongwaytogettothecampsite weclimbedthehillandswamintheriver intheforest wecouldn tfindtherightway heusedthecompassandfindthat wehadalotofdifficultiestogettothecampsite atthere hebuildasmallhouse icookedthefood 改写 welefthomeintheearlymorningafterwepackedalltheusefulthingsinourbags forexample acompass aknife afirst aidkit aflashlight somefoodandclothesandsoon onthelongwaytothecampsite wefirstclimbedahill thenweswamcrossariverbeforewegotintotheforest intheforest wecouldn tfindtherightway fortunatelywehadacompassandwereabletofindthewaywiththehelpofit withalotofdifficultieswegottothecampsitewhenthesunsetdown atthecampsite limingbuiltasmallhouseandicookedthefoodonthecampfire 四 书面表达的润色方法 一 增加较复杂的句子结构1 状语前置wemetattheschoolgateandwenttheretogetherearlyinthemorning 改写 earlyinthemorning wemetattheschoolgateandwenttheretogether 2 灵活使用强调句 倒装句 复合句 各种分词短语介词短语等结构 1 强调句例1myparentspraisedahfuwarmly ithadsavedmylittlesisterbravely 改写 myparentspraisedahfuwarmly itwasourbraveahfuwhohadsavedmylittlesister 例2welostourway butthecompasshelpedus 改写 welostourway butintheverytime thecompasshelpedus 2 复合句例1wehadtostandtheretocatchtheoffender 改写 whatwehavetodowastostandthere tryingtocatchtheoffender 例2weswamcrossariverandgotourselveswet thenwelostourway 改写 weswamcrossariverandgotourselveswet whatwasworse welostourway 3 介词短语例1 with beingaccompaniedby mymothersatinachairwithanewspaperinherhand 例2sheleftwithoutsayinggoodbye 例3withtheknowledgegainedinclassroomtraining wewereabletosolvealltheproblemswemetinthewildernesssurvivalprogram 例4itwasverycrowdedintown withallthechristmasshoppers 例5withbeinginthetrade iamabletogetgoodsatadiscount 打折 例6withallhisboasting hehasachievedverylittle withall inspiteof 例7 hediedwithhislife sworkstillunfinished 4 分词短语例1satisfiedwiththeresult hedecidedtogoonwithanewexperiment 例2afterputtingbagsontoaboard wejumpedintotheriverandswamcrossitsuccessfully 例3welefthomeintheearlymorning wetookalltheusefulthings acompass amapaknife afirst aidkit andsoon 改写 welefthomeintheearlymorning carryingthethingswhichweresupposedtobeusefulonourjourney acompass amapaknife afirst aidkit andsoon 例4anoldmancameoutofthecityparkandwantedtocrosstheparkroad 改写 anoldmandressedinblackcameoutofthecityparkandwasabouttocrosstheparkroad 二 使用较复杂的词汇例1believeitornot itwasthemostdeliciousmeali veeverhad 例2butnow asaresultoflessburdenofstudies wecandowhateverwelike 例3 forinstance duringthedaytimewecanvisitmuseums studycomputerprogramming joinsomeclubsandsoon intheevenings wecanwatchtv readbooks ordoanythingwelike 例4 asfarasiamconcerned istronglyholdthatthisplanshouldbecarriedoutcontinuallynotonlybecauseitgivesusmorespacetodevelopourcriticalthinkingandindependentabilitybutalsobecausewereallyfeelmuchhappierthaneverbefore 五 典型错误归纳 一 句子基本框架错误1 句子不完整 不完整的句子指以大写字母开头 以句号结束但缺主语或 和谓语的独立结构 它呈现为以下几种情形 1 从句问题从句只是句子的一个成分 状语 定语 主语 宾语 表语 同位语 它不能独立成句子 除非把从句的引导词 如because if等去掉 例1 wheniwaswalkingalongparkroad anoldmandressedinblackcameoutofcityparkandwantedtocrossparkroad wheniwaswalkingalongparkroad anoldmandressedinblackcameoutofcityparkandwantedtocrossparkroad 例2 everytimewegoacrossthepavement hewillgraspmyhandfirmlyandasifi mstillalittlegirl everytimewegoacrossthepavement hewillgraspmyhandfirmlyasifi mstillalittlegirl 例3 first iwouldhavemoreroadsbuilt becausewiththeincreaseofthecars ourroadsnowbecomemoreandmorecrowded first iwouldhavemoreroadsbuiltbecausewiththeincreaseofthecars ourroadsnowbecomemoreandmorecrowded first iwouldhavemoreroadsbuilt withtheincreaseofthecars ourroadsnowbecomemoreandmorecrowded 例4 it snaturalthatamanwilldieatendofhislife nomatterhowwealthyheisandnomatterhowmuchmoneyheiswillingtopayforhislife it snaturalthatamanwilldieatendofhislife nomatterhowwealthyheisandnomatterhowmuchmoneyheiswillingtopayforhislife 2 词组问题例1 inthemorning wetooksomeusefulthings forexample compass camp bread map light matches knife clothes flashlightandfirst aidkitandsoon puttheminourbagthenstarted inthemorning wefoundsomeusefulthings forexample compass camp bread map light matches knife clothes flashlightandfirst aidkitandsoon weputtheminourbagandthenstarted 例2 therearethreepeopleinmyfamily myfather mymotherandi therearethreepeopleinmyfamily myfather mymotherandi 例3 inthemiddleoftheroomthereisabrowntableandfourchairs atranslucentvaseonthistable inthemiddleoftheroomtherearefourchairsandabrowntablewithatranslucentvaseonthistable inthemiddleoftheroomthereisabrowntableandfourchairs atranslucentvaseisonthistable 例4 therearelotsoftoysonmybed suchasrabbits bears dogsandetc therearelotsoftoysonmybedsuchasrabbits bears dogsandetc 例5 tosavemoney hehadinstantnoodleseveryday tosavemoney hehadinstantnoodleseveryday 例6 atthattime acarfromnorthtowest atthattime acarwasturningfromnorthtowest 二 谓语动词与非谓语动词不分谓语动词以具体的时态 人称 数出现 在句中做谓语 如 heworksasadoctorinthetownhospital 其中谓语works呈现为一般现在时 第三人称 单数 非谓语动词以不定式 ing形式 ed形式出现 todo doing done 在句中作 非谓语 即除谓语以外的其他句子成分 如 主语 表语 宾语 定语 状语 补语 主语 1 beingapresidentisnoteasy 当总统不容易 2 itisnoteasytobeagoodparent 当好父母不容易 表语 myplanistogotocollegeinbeijing getajobthere andthensettledown 我的计划是在北京上大学 在那儿找份工作 然后安顿下来 宾语 ilovebeingamotherandwife 我喜欢为人妻母 定语 1 theunitedstatesisadevelopedcountry itisalsoacountrydevelopedintourism 美国是一个发达国家也是旅游业发达的国家 2 he sgotanopportunitytostudyabroad 他有了一次出国的机会 状语 1 madeofplastic thechairwon tlastlong 2 thewarlasted8years killingthou