高三英语定语从句用法及其功能课件.ppt

定语从句 定义及其作用 定语从句是中学阶段英语语法中十分重要的一个语法项目 它在句子中出现的频率很高 对正确理解句子的意义起着举足轻重的作用 定语从句可分为 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面 所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句 根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句 先行词的作用被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做 先行词 引导定语从句的词叫 关系词 关系词有两个作用 一 引导定语从句二 代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成份 理解和牢记这两条概念 弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分 是掌握定语从句的关键 修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分使用that的情况 1 当先行词是nothing something anything all each等不定代词时 eg doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme 2 当先行词被all any some no not every each等修饰时 eg ihavesomebooksthatareverygood 3 当先行词被形容词最高级 序数词所修饰时 eg thisisthefirstbookthatiboughtmyself thebiggestbirdthaticaughtisthisbird 4 当先行词被thevery thelast thenext theonly等词修饰时 eg thisistheverybookthatilostyesterday 5 当先行词又有人又有物时 eg iwon tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatisaw 只能使用which的情况 1 非限制性定语从句中 eg maryhasabook whichisveryprecious 2 在介词之后 eg thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman 3 当主句中的主语被that修饰时 eg thatdogwhichifoundinthestreetbelongstomary consolidationexercises fillintheblankswithsuitablerelativepronouns 1 thisistheonlybook igotlastyear 2 isthisthebookin youareinterested 3 thisisthelargestanimal tomsawinthezoo 4 rosestillremembersthetreesandteachers exist 存在 inthemotherschool 5 allthedesks areboughtlookreallywonderful 6 doyouhaveanymoney isusedtobuildthefactory 7 tomhasatoy wasgivenbyhisfather 8 thisisthesecondwatch myfatherboughtforme that which that that that that which that 修饰人时关系代词that和who whom的区分 当主句中的主语是who时 只能用that eg whoisthegirlthatisstandingoverthere 在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who或者whom eg ihaveason whoisreallylovelyandinteresting thereare40studentsintheclass mostofwhomareboys 关系代词whose既能修饰人 也能修饰物 在定语从句中充当定语 修饰先行词 eg sheisthegirlwhoseenglishsoundsverybeautiful maryhasaverygooddog whosehairturnsoutwhiteandblack correctmistakesforthefollowingsentences 1 underthebigtreeare34students manyofthemcomefromclasstwo 2 mymotherhasagoodbook whichcoverlooksterrible 3 whoaretheyounggirlswhoarehavingdinnerintherestaurant 4 sheisoneofthegirlswhoisveryinterestedinmaths 5 tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswholikeplayingfootball 6 whoisthegirlthatyoutalkedtoherjustnow 7 thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore 8 thereisanoldwoman thatisholdingastick whom whose that are likes her it who 关系代词as的用法及其与which的区别 关系代词as在定语从句中指代整件事 充当句中的主语或者宾语 它经常和thesame such as一起搭配使用 共同构成一个固定词组 eg asweallknow heisafamousscientist heisadiligentboy asisexpected shehasthesamebookasyouhave 关系代词as可以放在句子的开头 可以使用被动语态 而关系代词which则不可以 请比较 aseveryoneknows itisnecessarytobuildahospitalinthissmalltown itisnecessarytobuildahospitalinthissmalltown whichiscleartous ourdepartmentwillholdthemeeting asisknownbyus 关系副词when where why的用法以及与关系代词的区分 关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语 当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时 我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词 eg iwon tforgetthetimewhenigotmarried haveyoustillrememberthedayswhenwestayedtogether thisistheplacewherewehadagoodtime isthisthehousewheremrsmithlives idon tknowthereasonwhyhewon tjoinus doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn tcometosweeptheclassroom 关系副词when where和关系代词that which的区分 同样是修饰一个地点 有时使用where 有时使用that which 同样是修饰一个时间 有时使用when 有时使用that which 这主要看两点 一是定语从句是否完整 二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词 请比较以下句子 thisistheparkthatwevisitedlastyear thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty shewon tforgetthedaysthatshespentontheisland shewon tforgetthedayswhentheystayedtogether that sthedatewhenwewenttothecollege that sthedatethatshewon tforgetforever ilikethetimewhenwelivedtogether ilikethetimethatwehadtogether exercises fillintheblankswithappropriaterelativepronounsandadverbs 1 isthistheroom youcleanedlasttime 2 isthistheroom welivedbefore 3 thisisthegarden theystayedforanight 4 thisisthegarden theyvisitedlasttime 5 tomhasforgottentheday helefthishome 6 tomhasforgottentheday itoldhimlastday 7 shestillrememberstheyear shefoundherfirstjob 8 shestillrememberstheyear shespentinjining that where where that when that when that 关系副词when where why和介词 which之间的关系 关系副词when where why可以用适当的介词 which来替代 如 when in on at which where in on at which why for which介词的位置非常灵活 有时放在关系代词之前 有时放在动词之后 eg 1 iwon tforgetthedatewhen onwhich iwasborn 2 thisistheroomwhere inwhich ilived thisistheroomwhichilivedin 3 idon tknowthereasonwhy forwhich hehaven tcometoday 4 tomstillremembersthedayswhen inwhich theylivedintianjin comprehensiveexercises fillintheblankswiththesuitablerelativepronounsortherelativeadverbs 1 isthistheroom wespentourchildhood 2 thisdictionaryisthesecondone iboughtintheshop 3 istillrememberthedate iwenttonanjingforthefirsttime 4 tomisthinkingaboutthegrassandthepersons hesawintheyard 5 thereare100old